Peru

Republic of Peru
República del Perú (Spanish)
Co-official names[lower-alpha 1]
Mbendela Chidindo cha Boma
Chiluso: 
"Firme y feliz por la unión" (Spanish)
"Firm and Happy for the Union"
Nyimbo: 
"Himno Nacional del Perú" (Spanish)
"National Anthem of Peru"
National seal
Gran Sello del Estado (Spanish)
Great Seal of the State
Msumba Waboma
kweneso Msumba Usani		Lima
Chiyowoyelo chaboma Spanish
Co-official languages
  • Quechua
  • Aymara
  • Other Indigenous languages
Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (2017[lower-alpha 2])
  • 60.2% Mestizo (mixed White and Indigenous)
  • 25.8% Indigenous
  • 5.9% White
  • 3.6% Black
  • 0.2% Nikkei (Japanese) or Tusán (Chinese)
  • 1.0% Other
  • 3.3% No answer
Vipembezo
    • 94.5% Christianity
      • 76.0% Catholicism
      • 18.5% Other Christian
  • 5.1% No religion
  • 0.4% Other
Mwenecharu Peruvian
Mtundu wa Boma Unitary presidential republic[1][2]
 -  President Dina Boluarte
 -  First Vice President Vacant
 -  Prime Minister Alberto Otárola
 -  President of Congress José Williams
Independence from Spain
 -  Declared 28 July 1821 
 -  Consolidated 9 December 1824 
 -  Recognized 14 August 1879 
Ukulu wa Malo
 -  Malo 1,285,216 km2 (19th)
496,225 sq mi
 -  Maji (%) 0.41
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu
 -  2023 estimate 34,352,719[3] (45th)
 -  Density 23/km2 (198th)
57/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2022 estimate
 -  Total Increase $513.715 billion[4] (47th)
 -  Per capita Increase $15,035[4] (96th)
GDP (nominal) 2022 estimate
 -  Total Increase $240.346 billion[4] (52nd)
 -  Per capita Increase $7,034[4] (94th)
Gini (2019)Positive decrease 41.5[5]
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.762[6]
high ·84th
Ndalama Peruvian sol (PEN)
Mtundu Wanyengo PET (UTC−5)
Kalembelo kasiku dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Woko la galimoto right
ISO 3166 code PE
Intaneti yacharu .pe

Peru ntchalo icho chili ku manjililo gha dazi gha kummwera kwa Amerika.

Preview of references

  1. ↑ In Peru, other languages have been officially recognized as legitimate autochthonous languages.
    • Quechua: Piruw Ripuwlika
    • Aymara: Piruwxa Ripuwlika
  2. ↑ The 2017 National Census included, for the first time, a question of ethnic self-identification that was addressed to people aged 12 and over considering elements such as their ancestry, their customs and their family origin to visualize and better understand the cultural reality of the country.
  1. ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  2. ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. ISSN 1476-3427. OCLC 6895745903. Only in Latin America have all new democracies retained a pure presidential form, except for Peru (president-parliamentary) and Bolivia (assembly-independent).
  3. ↑ "DataBank - Population estimates and projections" (in English). The World Bank. 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Peru". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  5. ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  6. ↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF) (in English). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.