سانچہ:Polar exploration

Polar exploration

Arctic

بحر منجمد شمالی History Expeditions Research stations
Farthest North قطب شمالی	ولیم بیرنٹس Hudson Marmaduke Carolus Parry شمالی مقناطیسی قطب J. Ross J. C. Ross Abernethy Kane Hayes Polaris expedition Polaris C. F. Hall Bessels British Arctic Expedition HMS Alert Nares HMS Discovery Stephenson Markham Lady Franklin Bay Expedition Greely Lockwood Brainard Nansen's Fram expedition Fram فرتیوف نانیسن Johansen Sverdrup Jason Amedeo Andrée's balloon expedition S. A. Andrée F. Cook Peary ایس ایس Roosevelt Sedov Byrd Norge روآل آمونسن Nobile Wisting Riiser-Larsen Ellsworth] Italia Nautilus Wilkins ANT-25 Chkalov Baydukov Belyakov Drifting ice stations NP-1 Papanin Shirshov E. Fyodorov Krenkel NP-36 NP-37 Georgiy Sedov Badygin Wiese یو ایس ایس Nautilus یو ایس ایس Skate Plaisted Herbert NS Arktika Barneo Arktika 2007 Mir submersibles Sagalevich Chilingarov
آئس لینڈ گرین لینڈ	پائے تھیاس Brendan Papar Vikings Naddodd Garðar Ingólfr Norse colonization of North America Gunnbjörn Snæbjörn galti Erik the Red Christian IV's expeditions J. Hall Cunningham Lindenov C. Richardson Danish colonization Egede Scoresby Jason فرتیوف نانیسن Sverdrup Peary Rasmussen
Northwest Passage شمالی کینیڈا	Cabot G. Corte-Real M. Corte-Real Frobisher Gilbert Davis Hudson Discovery Bylot Baffin Munk I. Fyodorov Gvozdev HMS Resolution جیمز کک HMS Discovery Clerke Mackenzie Kotzebue J. Ross HMS Griper Parry HMS Hecla Lyon HMS Fury Hoppner Crozier J. C. Ross Coppermine expedition Franklin Back Dease Simpson HMS Blossom Beechey Franklin's lost expedition HMS Erebus HMS Terror Collinson Rae–Richardson expedition Rae J. Richardson Austin McClure expedition HMS Investigator McClure HMS Resolute Kellett Belcher Kennedy Bellot Isabel Inglefield 2nd Grinnell expedition یو ایس ایس Advance Kane Fox McClintock HMS Pandora Young Fram Sverdrup Gjøa روآل آمونسن Rasmussen Karluk Stefansson Bartlett St. Roch H. Larsen Cowper
North East Passage Russian Arctic	Pomors Koch boats Willoughby Chancellor ولیم بیرنٹس Mangazeya Hudson Poole Siberian Cossacks Perfilyev Stadukhin Dezhnev Popov Ivanov Vagin Permyakov Great Northern Expedition وائی ٹیس بیرنگ Chirikov Malygin Ovtsyn Minin V. Pronchishchev M. Pronchishcheva Chelyuskin Kh. Laptev D. Laptev Chichagov Lyakhov Billings Sannikov Gedenschtrom Wrangel Matyushkin Anjou Litke Lavrov Pakhtusov Tsivolko Middendorff Austro-Hungarian Expedition Weyprecht Payer Vega Expedition A. E. Nordenskiöld Palander Jeannette expedition یو ایس ایس Jeannette De Long Melville Yermak Makarov Zarya Toll Kolomeitsev Matisen Kolchak Sedov Rusanov Kuchin Brusilov expedition Sv. Anna Brusilov Albanov Konrad Wiese Nagórski Taymyr / Vaygach Vilkitsky Maud روآل آمونسن AARI Samoylovich Begichev Urvantsev Sadko Ushakov Glavsevmorput Schmidt Aviaarktika Shevelev A. Sibiryakov Voronin Chelyuskin Krassin Gakkel Nuclear-powered icebreakers Lenin Arktika-class icebreaker

Antarctic

انٹارکٹکا History Expeditions
بحر منجمد جنوبی	Roché Bouvet Kerguelen HMS Resolution جیمز کک HMS Adventure Furneaux Smith San Telmo Vostok Bellingshausen Mirny Lazarev Bransfield Palmer Davis Weddell Morrell Astrolabe Dumont d'Urville United States Exploring Expedition یو ایس ایس Vincennes Wilkes یو ایس ایس Porpoise Ringgold Ross expedition HMS Erebus (J. C. Ross Abernethy) HMS Terror (Crozier) Cooper Challenger expedition HMS Challenger Nares Murray Jason C. A. Larsen
"Heroic Age"	Belgian Antarctic Expedition سانچہ:RV de Gerlache Lecointe روآل آمونسن Cook Arctowski Racoviță Dobrowolski Southern Cross Southern Cross Borchgrevink Discovery Discovery Discovery Hut Gauss Gauss Drygalski Swedish Antarctic Expedition Antarctic O. Nordenskjöld C. A. Larsen Scottish Antarctic Expedition Bruce Scotia Orcadas Base Nimrod Expedition Nimrod French Antarctic Expeditions Pourquoi-Pas Charcot Japanese Antarctic Expedition Shirase Amundsen's South Pole expedition Fram روآل آمونسن Framheim Polheim Terra Nova Terra Nova Scott Wilson E. R. Evans Crean Lashly Filchner Australasian Antarctic Expedition سانچہ:SY Mawson Far Eastern Party Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition Endurance Ernest Shackleton Wild James Caird Ross Sea party Mackintosh Shackleton–Rowett Expedition Quest
IPY · IGY Modern research	Christensen Byrd BANZARE BGLE Rymill نیو شوابیا Ritscher Operation Tabarin Marr Operation Highjump Captain Arturo Prat Base British Antarctic Survey Operation Windmill Ketchum Ronne Expedition F. Ronne E. Ronne Schlossbach Operation Deep Freeze McMurdo Station Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition ایڈمنڈ ہلری V. Fuchs Soviet Antarctic Expeditions 1st Somov Klenova Mirny 2nd Tryoshnikov 3rd Tolstikov انٹارکٹک معاہدہ نظام Transglobe Expedition Fiennes Burton جھیل ووستک Kapitsa
Farthest South قطب جنوبی	HMS Resolution جیمز کک HMS Adventure Furneaux Weddell HMS Erebus J. C. Ross HMS Terror Crozier Southern Cross Borchgrevink Discovery Barne Nimrod Shackleton Wild Marshall Adams جنوبی مقناطیسی قطب Mawson David Mackay Amundsen's South Pole expedition Fram روآل آمونسن Bjaaland Helmer Hassel Wisting Polheim Terra Nova Scott E. Evans Oates Wilson Bowers Byrd Balchen McKinley Dufek Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station ایڈمنڈ ہلری V. Fuchs Pole of Cold ووسٹوک اسٹیشن (انٹارکٹیکا) Pole of inaccessibility Pole of Inaccessibility Station Tolstikov Crary A. Fuchs رائنہولڈ میسنر

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