三乙基铝
三乙基铝 | |
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IUPAC名 Triethylalumane | |
别名 | 乙基铝 |
识别 | |
缩写 | TEA,[1] TEAl,[2] TEAL[3] |
CAS号 | 97-93-8 |
PubChem | 16682930 |
ChemSpider | 10179159 |
SMILES |
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InChI |
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InChIKey | VOITXYVAKOUIBA-DVVALISXAR |
EINECS | 202-619-3 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C12H30Al2 |
摩尔质量 | 228.33 g·mol−1 |
外观 | 无色液体 |
密度 | 0.8324 g·cm−3(25 °C) |
熔点 | −52.5 °C(220.7 K)[4] |
沸点 | 128—130 °C(401—403 K)(50 mmHg)[5] |
危险性 | |
警示术语 | R:R14 R17 R34 |
安全术语 | S:S16 S43 S45 |
主要危害 | 易自燃 |
NFPA 704 | |
闪点 | −18 °C(255 K) |
相关物质 | |
相关化学品 | 三甲基铝 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
三乙基铝是一种金属有机化合物,化学式为Al2(C2H5)6。它是挥发性的无色液体,遇空气自燃。它可以纯品保存于不锈钢容器中,或溶于烃类溶剂储存。它是齐格勒-纳塔催化剂的必要组分。[6]
制备
- 2 Al + 3 H2 + 6 C2H4 → Al2(C2H5)6
铝粉和氯乙烷反应,得到倍半氯化乙基铝,它经金属钠还原后得到三乙基铝:[8]
- 3 Al2Cl3(C2H5)3 + 9 Na → 2 Al2(C2H5)6 + 2 Al + 9 NaCl
此外,三丙基铝和乙烯反应[6]、二乙基汞[6]或三乙基镓[9]在加热下和铝反应,也能制得三乙基铝。
反应
- Al2(C2H5)6 + 6 HX → 2 AlX3 + 6 C2H6
像醇或端基炔烃这样的弱酸也能参与反应,例如它和异丙醇反应,得到二乙基异丙醇铝;[11]和苯乙炔反应,得到二乙基(苯乙炔基)铝。[12]
它和四氯化锡在乙醚中反应,得到三乙基氯化锡。[13]它和氯化锌反应,生成二乙基锌:[7]
- Al2(C2H5)6 + ZnCl2 → Zn(C2H5)2 + 2 (C2H5)2AlCl
参考文献
- ^ Mission Status Center, June 2, 2010, 1905 GMT (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), SpaceflightNow, accessed 2010-06-02, Quotation: "The flanges will link the rocket with ground storage tanks containing liquid oxygen, kerosene fuel, helium, gaserous nitrogen and the first stage ignitor source called triethylaluminum-triethylborane, better known as TEA-TAB."
- ^ Gulbrandsen Chemicals, Metal Alkyls: Triethylaluminum (TEAl). Gulbrandsen. [December 12, 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-13).
Triethylaluminum (TEAl) is a pyrophoric liquid...
- ^ Malpass, Dennis B.; Band, Elliot. Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene: Properties, Catalysts Processes. John Wiley & Sons. 2012. ISBN 9781118463208.
- ^ Pitzer, Kenneth S.; Gutowsky, Herbert S. Electron-deficient molecules. II. Aluminum alkyls. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1946. 68: 2204-2209. ISSN: 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01215a027
- ^ Gallais, Fernand; de Loth, Philippe. Magnetooptical properties of two trialkylaluminums and of their addition compounds with aliphatic ethers. Compt. Rend., 1962. 255. 2755-2756.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 无机化学丛书 第二卷 铍 碱土金属 硼 铝 镓分族. 科学出版社. pp 498. 7.3 有机铝化合物
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Michael J. Krause, Frank Orlandi, Alfred T. Saurage, Joseph R. Zietz Jr. "Aluminum Compounds, Organic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a01_543
- ^ Krause, M. J; Orlandi, F; Saurage, A T.; Zietz, J R, "Organic Aluminum Compounds" Wiley-Science 2002.
- ^ Starowieyski, Kazimierz; Kruk, Przemyslaw. Process for preparation of trialkylaluminum compounds from metallic aluminum by transmetalation with trialkylgallium compounds. 2006. PL 192855 B1.
- ^ Elschenbroich, C. ”Organometallics” (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. ISBN 978-3-527-29390-2
- ^ Kunicki, A. R.; Pasynkiewicz, S.; Jankowski, J.; Mank, B. Alkoxyalumoxanes (ROAlO)n - Synthesis and properties. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 2004. 78 (10): 1857-1864. ISSN: 0137-5083.
- ^ Kanbur, Uddhav; Ellern, Arkady; Sadow, Aaron D. Alkynylaluminum Synthesis Catalyzed by a Zwitterionic Neodymium(III) Heterobimetallic Compound. Organometallics, 2018. 37 (23): 4409-4414. ISSN: 0276-7333. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00374
- ^ Neumann, Wilhelm P. Organotin compounds. I. New methods of preparation for tin tetraalkyls and alkyltin halides. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1962. 653. 157-163. ISSN: 0075-4617.
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