田螺科

田螺科
化石时期:阿普第期至現在[1]
An alive but retracted individual of Viviparus contectus英语Viviparus contectus, showing the 螺厣
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
亚纲: 新进腹足亚纲 Caenogastropoda
目: 主扭舌目 Architaenioglossa
总科: 田螺總科 Viviparoidea
科: 田螺科 Viviparidae
J. E. Gray, 1847[2]
多样性[3]
125–150 freshwater species

田螺泛指田螺科(學名:Viviparidae)的淡水腹足纲软体动物。平均只有拇指头大小,有角質口蓋螺厣),殼口相對比較大。螺蛳是田螺科动物的通称[4]。很多淡水魚類喜歡吃田螺。田螺體內很容易生長寄生蟲

根據在2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,田螺科屬主扭舌目的成員。

分佈

This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from 南美洲. There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and Neothauma英语Neothauma.[5]

分類

舊屬前鰓亞綱中腹足目,田螺科目前是主扭舌類的成員[6][7],約有17屬百餘種。根據2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,田螺科物種大致可分為三個亞科[6]

  • 田螺亞科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
  • 环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
  • 平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

田螺科包括下列各屬:

田螺亞科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833)

    • Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
    • Kosovia英语Kosovia Atanacković, 1959
    • 河螺屬 Rivularia Heude, 1890[8]
    • Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1985
    • Tulotoma英语Tulotoma Haldeman, 1840
    • 田螺屬 Viviparus Montfort英语Pierre Denys de Montfort, 1810模式属,目前只餘下六個現生種。異名有:Vivipara(詞性錯誤,不採用)、Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987Paludina Férussac, 1812

环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937

    • Amuropaludina英语Amuropaludina Moskvicheva, 1979
    • 角螺屬 Angulyagra Rao, 1931[9]
    • 环螺蛳属 Anularya L.-J. Zhang & S.-C. Chen, 2015:只見於中國雲南,其物種舊屬螺蛳属[10][11]
    • Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
    • 环棱螺属 Bellamya Jousseaume, 1886:亞科的模式屬;
    • Boganmargarya英语Boganmargarya Thach, 2018
    • Genus Chlorostracia Mabille, 1889
    • 圆田螺属 Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912[10][9]
    • Eyriesia英语Eyriesia P. Fischer, 1885
    • Filopaludina英语Filopaludina Habe, 1964
    • Heterogen Annandale, 1921:就只有一個物種,就是Heterogen longispira英语Heterogen longispira (E. A. Smith, 1886)
    • Idiopoma Pilsbry英语Henry Augustus Pilsbry, 1901
    • Larina英语Larina A. Adams, 1851[1]
    • 螺蛳属 Margarya G. Nevill, 1877:只見於中國雲南,和圆田螺属关系较近[10]
    • 湄公螺屬 Mekongia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876
    • Neclarina Iredale, 1943
    • Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
    • Notopala英语Notopala Cotton, 1935[12]
    • 石田螺屬 Sinotaia F. Haas, 1939:和石田螺属关系较近[10]
    • Taia英语Taia (gastropod) Annandale, 1918
    • 玺螺蛳属 玺螺蛳属 He, 2013[11]:只見於中國雲南,有兩個物種,均舊屬螺蛳属[10]
    • Temnotaia Annandale, 1919
    • Torotaia F. Haas, 1939
    • 拟小螺属 Trochotaia Brandt, 1974[13]
    • Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
    • Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
    • Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
    • Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
    • Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
    • Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 [Lepidoptera]; Neclarina is a replacement name)
    • Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
    • Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912

平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863

異名有Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

    • Campeloma英语Campeloma Rafinesque, 1819
    • 平圓螺屬英语Lioplax Lioplax英语Lioplax Troschel, 1856[14]:異名有Haldemania Tryon, 1862(次異名)

亞科地位未定Subfamily [unassigned] Viviparidae (temporary name)

  • Albianopalin Hamilton-Bruce, Smith & Gowlett-Holmes, 2002[15]:得名於澳大利亞新南威爾士州的阿爾布Albian[15]
  • Apameaus Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006[16] This Pliocene-Pleistocene genus contains only one species Apameaus apameae Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006
  • Fretacaeles Hamilton-Bruce & Kear, 2006
  • Kaya Van Damme & Pickford, 1999
  • Lioplacodes Meek, 1864
  • Macromargarya Ying, Fürsich & Schneider, 2013
  • Metohia Popović, 1964 :次異名,因為已有Metohia Absolon, 1927(一種介形綱動物)使用了本屬名。
  • Popovicia Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2015
  • Proviviparus
    • †Proviviparus talbragarensis [17]

Life cycle

Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.[18]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Kear, B. P.; Hamilton-Bruce, R. J.; Smith, B. J.; Gowlett-Holmes, K. L. Reassessment of Australia's oldest freshwater snail, Viviparus (?) albascopularis Etheridge, 1902 (Mollusca : Gastropoda : Viviparidae), from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian, Wallumbilla Formation) of White Cliffs, New South Wales. Molluscan Research. 2003, 23 (2): 149–158. doi:10.1071/MR03003 (英语). 
  2. ^ Gray J. E. (November 1847) (1833). "A list of genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types". Proceedings of the Zoological Society in London, 15: 129-182. Viviparidae at page 155.
  3. ^ Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F.英语Winston Ponder & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia英语Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
  4. ^ 夏征农, 罗竹风, 马飞海等. 辞海[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2000: 1, 2254.
  5. ^ 引证警告:name(名称)为Brown 1994<ref>标签无法预览,因为它定义在当前章节之外,或根本没有定义。
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814. 
  7. ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201. 
  8. ^ Van Bocxlaer, Bert; Strong, Ellen E; Richter, Romy; Stelbrink, Björn; Rintelen, Thomas Von. Anatomical and genetic data reveal that Rivularia Heude, 1890 belongs to Viviparinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2017-12-14, 182 (1): 1–23. ISSN 0024-4082. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx014 (英语). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Fresh water molluscan species in India (PDF): 11 pp. 2010-07-29 [2010-07-31] (英语). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 引证警告:name(名称)为guokr<ref>标签无法预览,因为它定义在当前章节之外,或根本没有定义。
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Zhang, L. J.; Chen, S. C.; Yang, L. T.; Jin, L.; Köhler, F. Systematic revision of the freshwater snail Nevill, 1877 (Mollusca: Viviparidae) endemic to the ancient lakes of Yunnan, China, with description of new taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society英语Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2015, 174 (4): 760–800. doi:10.1111/zoj.12260可免费查阅. 
  12. ^ River Snail (Notopala sublineata)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). accessed 26 September 2010
  13. ^ Du L.-N., Yang J.-X. & Chen X.-Y. (2011). "A new species of Trochotaia (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae) from Yunnan, China". Molluscan Research 31(2): 85-89. abstract页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  14. ^ 余汶. 华南白垩纪和早第三纪非海相腹足类化石及其地层意义. 《古生物學報》(Acta Palaeontologica Sinica). 1977, 16 (2): 191–216 (中文(简体)). 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Hamilton-Bruce, R. J.; Smith, B. J.; Gowlett-Holmes, K. L. Descriptions of a new genus and two new species of viviparid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Viviparidae) from the Early Cretaceous (middle-late Albian) Griman Creek Formation of Lightning Ridge, northern New South Wales (PDF). Records of the South Australian Museum. 2002, 35: 193–203 (英语). 
  16. ^ Sivan, N.; Heller, J.; van Damme, D. Fossil Viviparidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Levant. Journal of Conchology. 2006, 39 (2): 207–220 [2021-08-26]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-08). 
  17. ^ Michael Frese & Winston Ponder (2021) Proviviparus talbragarensis gen. et sp. nov., the first viviparid snail from the Late Jurassic of Australia, Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 45:3, 344-353, DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2021.1940276
  18. ^ Heller, J. Longevity in molluscs. Malacologia. 1990, 31 (2): 259–295. 

延伸阅读

  • Hirano T., Saito T. & Chiba S. (2015). "Phylogeny of freshwater viviparid snails in Japan". Journal of Molluscan Studies英语Journal of Molluscan Studies 81(4): 435–441. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyv019.
  • Qian Z.-X., Fang Y.-F. & He J. (2014). "A conchological review of Bellamyinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) of China". Shell Discoveries 1(3): 3-12.

外部連結