粉虱科

粉虱科
	温室白粉蝨（Trialeurodes vaporariorum）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	半翅目 Hemiptera
亚目：	胸喙亞目 Sternorrhyncha
总科：	粉虱总科 Aleyrodoidea
科：	粉虱科 Aleyrodidae
亞科
	複孔粉蝨亞科 Aleurodicinae; 粉蝨亞科 Aleyrodinae; Udamoselinae; †Bernaeinae;
異名
	Alerollidae; Aleurodidae; Aleyrodes aculeatus Menge, 1856; Whiteflies;

粉蝨科（學名：Aleyrodidae）是半翅目粉蝨總科的刺吸式昆蟲，兩性成蟲均有翅，身體及翅上覆有白色蠟粉，此為其科名之由來。全世界共记录有3亚科、166属、1631种^[2]。其中约有46种是经济害虫^[3]。

粉蝨成蟲多喜歡產卵在葉背，卵孵化後的第一齡若蟲具有活動能力，往後二、三、四齡若蟲其足、觸角會退化，固著於葉背上。之後成蟲沿著第四齡若蟲呈倒T字形之縱、橫胸縫破殼而出。因最後齡期與活潑之成蟲在外部形態截然不同，且與完全變態類昆蟲不食不動之「蛹」大相逕庭，因而有第四齡蛹殼之誤稱，然仍沿用至今。

早期粉蝨分類學者察覺成蟲標本製作較困難，可用特徵少，而蛹殼因為標本採集、製作容易，且經寄主植物的確定可增加鑑定的方便與可信度，所以分類學者皆以第四齡蛹殼為分類特徵，然而粉蝨的蛹殼一般細小且不明顯，在野外或田間採集粉蝨時，不一定都採集得到蛹殼。這種情形在幼嫩的植物上特別明顯，另一方面，粉蝨成蟲相對於蛹殼是較為顯眼易見，但是目前粉蝨成蟲在分類上可用的特徵仍然十分缺乏，尚未有系統地建立，為成蟲方面的鑑定上一大困擾。因此有系統地建立粉蝨成蟲特徵乃迫切需要。

下级分类

本科包括以下属：

Acanthaleyrode
类刺粉虱属 Acanthaleyrodes Takahashi, 1931
长刺粉虱属 Acanthobemisia Takahashi, 1935
黑粉虱属 Acaudaleyrodes Takahashi, 1951
Acutaleyrodes Takahashi, 1960
非洲斑翅粉虱属 Africaleurodes Dozier, 1934
Africaleyrodes
Agrostaleyrodes Ko, 2001
Aleurocanthus
Aleurocerus Bondar, 1923
Aleurochiton Tullgreen, 1907
Aleuroclava Singh, 1931
Aleuroctarthrus Martin, 2008
Aleurocybotus Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Aleurocyperus Ko & Dubey, 2007
盤粉蝨屬 Aleurodicus Douglas, 1892
Aleuroduplidens Martin, 1999
Aleuroglandulus Bondar, 1923
Aleuroinanis Martin, 1999
Aleurolobus Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Aleurolonga Mound, 1965
Aleuromarginatus
Corbett, 1935
- Aleuromarginatus asymmetricis Dubey^[4]
- Aleuromarginatus bauhiniae (Corbett, 1935)
- Aleuromarginatus corbettiaformis Martin, 1985
- Aleuromarginatus dalbergiae Cohic, 1969
- Aleuromarginatus dielsianae Wang & Xu, 2017
- Aleuromarginatus frim Dubey^[4]
- Aleuromarginatus glandulis Dubey^[4]
- Aleuromarginatus kallarensis David & Subramaniam, 1976
- Aleuromarginatus littoralis Martin, 1985
- Aleuromarginatus marginiquus Martin, 1999
- Aleuromarginatus martini Dubey^[4]
- Aleuromarginatus millettiae Cohic, 1968
- Aleuromarginatus moundi Martin, 1999
- Aleuromarginatus nemciae Martin, 1999
- Aleuromarginatus nigrus Martin, 1999
- Aleuromarginatus serdangensis Takahashi, 1955
- Aleuromarginatus shihmenensis Ko, 1995
- Aleuromarginatus similis Dubey^[4]
- Aleuromarginatus sulawesiensis Dubey^[4]
- Aleuromarginatus tephrosiae Corbett, 1935
- Aleuromarginatus thirumurthiensis David, 1988
Aleuronudus Hempel, 1922
Aleuropapillatus Regu & David, 1993
Aleuroparadoxus Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Aleuroparvus Dubey, 2018
Aleuroplatus Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Aleuropleurocelus Drews & Sampson, 1956
Aleuroporosus Corbett, 1935
Aleuropositus Dubey, 2013
Aleuropteridis Mound, 1961
Aleuroputeus Corbett, 1935
鬚粉蝨屬 Aleurothrixus Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Aleurotithius Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Aleurotrachelus Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Aleurotuba Tremblay & Iaccarino, 1978
Aleurotuberculatus Takahashi, 1932
Aleurotulus Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Aleuroviggianus Iaccarino, 1982
Aleurovitreus Martin, 2005
Aleyrodes Latreille, 1796
Aleyrodicus
Aleyrodiella Dantsig, 1966
Anomaleyrodes Takahashi & Mamet, 1952
Apobemisia Takahashi, 1954
Arachnaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983
Aretsaya Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015
Asialeyrodes Corbett, 1935
Asiothrixus
星伯粉虱属 Asterobemisia Trehan, 1940
Asterochiton Maskell, 1879
澳洲斑翅粉虱属 Australeurodes Dubey, 2013
Austroaleurodicus Tapia, 1970
Axacalia Danzig, 1969
Azuraleurodicus Martin, 1999
Baetylus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011
Bakerius Bondar, 1923
Bellitudo Russell, 1943
Bemisaleyrodes
伯粉虱属 Bemisia Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Bemisiella Dantsig, 1966
Bernaea Schlee, 1970
Bondaria Sampson & Drews, 1941
Brazzaleyrodes Cohic, 1966
Bulgarialeurodes Corbett, 1936
Burmodicus Chen et al., 2020
Burmoselis Shcherbakov, 2000
Calluneyrodes Zahradnik, 1961
Ceraleurodicus Hempel, 1922
Chitonaleyrodes Martin, 1999
Clodionus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013
Cockerelliella Sundararaj & David, 1992
Cohicaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983
Combesaleyrodes Cohic, 1966
Corbettia Dozier, 1934
Costalimada Martin, 2011
Crenidorsum Russell, 1945
Crescentaleyrodes David & Jesudasan, 1987
Cryptolingula Martin & Carver, 1999
Davidiella Dubey & Sundararaj, 2005
Dialeurodes Cockerell, 1902
Dialeurodicus Cockerell, 1902
Dialeurodoides Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Dialeurolobus Danzig, 1964
Dialeurolonga Dozier, 1928
Dialeuropora Quaintance & Baker, 1917
Dialeurotrachelus Takahashi, 1942
Disiphon Russell, 1993
Distincaleyrodes
Distinctaleyrodes Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006
Dothioia Dumbleton, 1961
Dumbletoniella Jesudasan & David, 1990
Editaaleyrodes David, 2005
Ericaleyrodes Rapisarda, 1986
Eudialeurodicus Quaintance & Baker, 1915
Extensaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983
Fascaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983
Filicaleyrodes Takahashi, 1962
Fippataleyrodes Sundararaj & David, 1992
Gadigaleyrodes Dooley & Gillespie, 2013
Gagudjuia Martin, 1999
Gapenus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013
Gigaleurodes Quaintance & Baker, 1917
Gomenella Dumbleton, 1961
Greeniella David, 1993
Harpaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983
Heidea Schlee, 1970
Hempelia Sampson & Drews, 1941
Hesperaleyrodes Sampson, 1943
Heteraleyrodes Takahashi, 1942
Heterobemisia Takahashi, 1957
Hexaleurodicus Bondar, 1923
Hindaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994
Icfrealeyrodes Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006
Indoaleyrodes David & Subramaniam, 1973
Isaraselis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013
Juglasaleyrodes Cohic, 1966
Juleyrodes Shcherbakov, 2000
Kaieteurodicus Martin, 2008
Kanakarajiella David & Sundararaj, 1993
Keralaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994
Laingiella Corbett, 1926
Lankaleurodes David, 1993
Lecanoideus Quaintance & Baker, 1913
Leonardius Quaintance & Baker, 1913
Leucopogonella Dumbleton, 1961
Lipaleyrodes Takahashi, 1962
Lukotekia Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013
Malayaleyrodes Corbett, 1935
Marginaleyrodes Takahashi, 1961
麻粉蝨屬 Massilieurodes Goux, 1939
Metabemisia Takahashi, 1963
Metaleurodicus Quaintance & Baker, 1913
Metaleyrodes Sampson, 1943
Mexicaleyrodes Sampson & Drews, 1941
Milleraleurodes Phillips & Jesudasan, 2013
Milqartis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015
Minutabythus Kaddumi, 2005
Minutaleyrodes Jesudasan & David, 1990
Mixaleyrodes Takahashi, 1936
Mohanasundaramiella David, 2000
Nealeurodicus Hempel, 1923
Nealeyrodes Hempel, 1923
Neoaleurodes Bondar, 1923
Neoaleurolobus Takahashi, 1951
Neoaleurotrachelus Takahashi & Mamet, 1952
Neomaskellia Quaintance & Baker, 1913
Neopealius Takahashi, 1954
Nigrasialeyrodes Martin & Carver, 1999
Nipaleyrodes Takahashi, 1951
Octaleurodicus Hempel, 1922
Odontaleyrodes Takahashi, 1954
Oisedicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013
Orchamoplatus Russell, 1958
Orientaleyrodes David, 1993
Orstomaleyrodes Cohic, 1966
Paernis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011
Palaealeurodicus Martin, 2008
Papillipes Bink-Moenen, 1983
类伯粉虱属 Parabemisia Takahashi, 1954
Paraburmoselis Chen et al., 2019
Paraleurolobus Sampson & Drews, 1941
巢粉虱属 Paraleyrodes Quaintance, 1909
Paulianaleyrodes Cohic, 1967
Pealius Quaintance & Baker, 1914
Pectinaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983
Pentaleyrodes Takahashi, 1937
Peracchius Lima & Racca-Filho, 2005
Plataleyrodes
Pogonaleyrodes Takahashi, 1955
Pseudaleurodicus Hempel, 1922
Pseudaleurolobus Hempel, 1923
Pseudaleuroplatus Martin, 1999
Pseudaleyrodes Hempel, 1923
Pseudcockerelliella Sundararaj, 2007
Pseudosynaleurodicus Gillespie, 2006
Pseudozaphanera Manzari, 2006
Rabdostigma Quaintance & Baker, 1917
Ramsesseus Zahradnik, 1970
Rhachisphora Quaintance & Baker, 1917
Rosanovia Danzig, 1969
Rositaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994
Rovnodicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015
Rugaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983
Rusostigma Quaintance & Baker, 1917
Russellaleyrodes
Septaleurodicus Sampson, 1943
Septemaleurodes Dubey, 2013
Setaleyrodes Takahashi, 1931
Shanthiniae David, 2000
Shapashe Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015
Simplaleurodes Goux, 1945
迷粉虱属 Singhiella Sampson, 1943
Singhius Takahashi, 1932
Sinicoselis Drohojowska et al., 2019
Siphoninuns
Siphoninus Silvestri, 1915
Siphonius
Snotra Szwedo & Drohojowska, 2014
Sphericaleyrodes
Stenaleyrodes Takahashi, 1938
Synaleurodicus Solomon, 1935
Taiwanaleyrodes Takahashi, 1932
Tegmaleurodes Martin, 2005
Tetraleurodes Cockerell, 1902
Tetralicia Harrison, 1917
Trialeurodes Cockerell, 1902
Trialeurolonga Martin, 2005
Trichoaleyrodes Takahashi & Mamet, 1952
Tuberaleyrodes Takahashi, 1932
Udamoselis Enderlein, 1909
Uraleyrodes Sampson & Drews, 1941
Vasantharajiella David, 2000
Vasdavidius Russell, 2000
Venezaleurodes Russell, 1967
Viennotaleyrodes Cohic, 1968
Xenaleyrodes Takahashi, 1936
Xenobemisia Takahashi, 1951
Yamis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015
Yleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983
Zaphanera Corbett, 1926

参考文献

^ Martin, J.H.; Mound, L.A. An annotated check list of the world's whiteflies (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa. 2007, 1492: 1–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1492.1.1 .
^ 何小芳; 徐铭健，诸葛敏，邓建宇，周国鑫，徐志宏，王吉锐. 浙江地区梨树上粉虱类害虫种类初记. 环境昆虫学报. 2022, 44 (1): 118–126 [2022-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-21）.
^ Martin, J. H. An identification guide to common whitefly pest species of the world (Homopt Aleyrodidae). Tropical Pest Management. 1987-01, 33 (4): 298–322. doi:10.1080/09670878709371174.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Anil Kumar Dubey & Paul A. Brown (2021) Six new species of Aleuromarginatus Corbett, 1935 and Paramarginatus sarawakensis Dubey gen. and sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Southeast Asia, Journal of Natural History, 55:41-42, 2605-2649, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.2008038

[1] Martin, J.H.; Mound, L.A. An annotated check list of the world's whiteflies (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa. 2007, 1492: 1–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1492.1.1 .

[2] 何小芳; 徐铭健，诸葛敏，邓建宇，周国鑫，徐志宏，王吉锐. 浙江地区梨树上粉虱类害虫种类初记. 环境昆虫学报. 2022, 44 (1): 118–126 [2022-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-21）.

[3] Martin, J. H. An identification guide to common whitefly pest species of the world (Homopt Aleyrodidae). Tropical Pest Management. 1987-01, 33 (4): 298–322. doi:10.1080/09670878709371174.

[Kumar-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Anil Kumar Dubey & Paul A. Brown (2021) Six new species of Aleuromarginatus Corbett, 1935 and Paramarginatus sarawakensis Dubey gen. and sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Southeast Asia, Journal of Natural History, 55:41-42, 2605-2649, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.2008038

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