^Hmong Americans. Cultural Aspects of Healthcare. The College of St. Scholastica. 1996 [15 February 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013年6月30日). Primary religious/spiritual affiliation. A recent study found that 75% of Hmong people practiced traditional religion which is animistic. Many Hmong also practice Buddhism or Christianity with membership to various churches such as Catholic, Missionary Alliance, Baptist, Mormon, and others.
Moua, Mai Neng (editor). Bamboo Among the Oaks: Contemporary Writing by Hmong Americans. 明尼蘇達州歷史學會出版社(英语:Minnesota Historical Society), 2002. ISBN 0873514378, 9780873514378.