黄嘌呤

黄嘌呤（英語：xanthine）是一種廣泛分佈於人體及其他生物體的器官及體液中的一種嘌呤鹼，常用作温和的兴奋剂和支气管扩张剂，特别用于治疗哮喘症状。咖啡因、茶碱及可可碱（主要在巧克力中发现）等常見的溫和興奮劑均由黄嘌呤衍生出來。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

黄嘌呤也是嘌呤代謝後的产物，并会在黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用下转换为尿酸，有時累積過度會在某些人群中造成痛風的症狀。

黄嘌呤是嘌呤衍生物，并且很少在核酸的成分中发现。

參見

^ Spiller, Gene A. (1998). Caffeine. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-2647-8 .
^ Daly, J. W.; Padgett, W. L.; Shamim, M. T. Analogs of caffeine and theophylline: effect of structural alterations on affinity at adenosine receptors. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1986, 29 (7): 1305–1308. ISSN 0022-2623. doi:10.1021/jm00157a035. . PMID 3806581
^ Choi, Oksoon H.; Shamim, Mah T.; Padgett, William L.; Daly, John W. Caffeine and theophylline analogues: Correlation of behavioral effects with activity as adenosine receptor antagonists and as phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Life Sciences (Elsevier BV). 1988, 43 (5): 387–398. ISSN 0024-3205. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(88)90517-6. . PMID 2456442
^ Deree J, Martins JO, Melbostad H, Loomis WH, Coimbra R. Insights into the regulation of TNF-alpha production in human mononuclear cells: the effects of non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibition. Clinics (São Paulo). 2008, 63 (3): 321–8. PMC 2664230 . PMID 18568240. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322008000300006.