Enakalle

Enakalle
๐’‚—๐’€‰๐’†—๐’‡ท
Stone tablet for the dedication of a temple, inscribed by Il, king of Umma, c. 2400 BC, and mentioning his father Eandamu, and his grandfather King Enakalle. Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago.
King of Umma
Reignc. 2450 BC
PredecessorUsh
SuccessorUr-Lumma
IssueUr-Lumma
Dynasty1st Dynasty of Umma

Enakalle or Enakalli (Sumerian: ๐’‚—๐’€‰๐’†—๐’‡ท; fl.โ€‰c. 2450 BC) was the king of Umma, a Sumerian city-state, during the Early Dynastic III period (2600โ€“2350 BC). His reign lasted at least 8 years.[1]

Enakalle in the cone of Entemena

His predecessor Ush, ruler of Umma, attacked nearby Lagash after ripping out the stele of Mesilim, trying to take Gu-Edin, as recording in the Cone of Entemena.[2][3] Ush was severely defeated by Eannatum of Lagash, in a battle recorded in the Stele of the Vultures, losing 3,600 men in battle. Ush was then toppled and put to death by his own people.[4]

Enakalle, his successor, finally made a peace treaty with Eannatum of Lagash, as described in the Cone of Entemena:[2][3][4]

32โ€“38

๐’‚๐’€ญ๐’ˆพ๐’บ ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’†  ๐’‰บ๐’„‘๐’‰‹๐’‚ต ๐’‚—๐’‹ผ๐’ˆจ๐’ˆพ ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’† ๐’…—๐’†ค
e2-an-na-tum2 ensi2 lagaลกki pa-bil3-ga en-mete-na ensi2 lagaลกki-ka-ke4
"Eannatum, ruler of Lagash, uncle of Entemena, ruler of Lagaลก"
39โ€“42
๐’‚—๐’€‰๐’†—๐’‡ท ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’„‘๐’†ต๐’† ๐’• ๐’†  ๐’‚Š๐’•๐’‹ฉ
en-a2-kal-le ensi2 ummaki-da ki e-da-sur
"fixed the border with Enakalle, ruler of Umma"
Extract from the Cone of Enmetena, Room 236 Reference AO 3004, Louvre Museum.[5][6]

class=notpageimage|
Il was king of Umma, circa 2400 BCE.

Enakalle in inscriptions

Ur-Lumma was the son of Enakalle, and his successor. He challenged Enannatum I, but was defeated by his successor Enmetena.[7][8]

  • Inscription with the name of Enakalle, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform.
    Inscription with the name of Enakalle, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform.
  • Dedication tablet by Ur-Lumma: "For Enki-gal, Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, son of Enakalle, king of Umma, built (his) temple".[9]
    Dedication tablet by Ur-Lumma: "For Enki-gal, Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, son of Enakalle, king of Umma, built (his) temple".[9]
  • Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnum of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.[10][11]
    Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnum of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.[10][11]
  • "Enakalle" on the plate of queen Bara-irnun
    "Enakalle" on the plate of queen Bara-irnun

References

  1. ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). Arcane III (PDF). BREPOLS. p.ย 75.
  2. ^ a b King 1994, pp.ย 126โ€“128.
  3. ^ a b King & Hall 2006, pp.ย 171โ€“173.
  4. ^ a b Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp.ย 74โ€“76. ISBNย 978-2-503-53494-7.
  5. ^ "Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash". 2020.
  6. ^ "CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  7. ^ Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). A History of the Ancient Near East: Ca. 3000-323 BC. Wiley. pp.ย 50โ€“51. ISBNย 9780631225522.
  8. ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp.ย 74โ€“80. ISBNย 978-2-503-53494-7.
  9. ^ "Louvre Museum Official Website". cartelen.louvre.fr.
  10. ^ Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p.ย 78. ISBNย 978-1-58839-043-1.
  11. ^ Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins. Getty Publications. p.ย 108. ISBNย 978-1-60606-649-2.

Sources