Mansi language

Mansi
ма̄ньси ла̄тыӈ
Pronunciation	[maːnʲɕi laːtəŋ]
Native to	Russia
Region	Khanty–Mansi
Ethnicity	12,200 Mansi (2020 census)[1]
Native speakers	2,200 (2020 census)[1]
Language family	Uralic Finno-Ugric Ugric? (traditional grouping) Ob-Ugric? Mansi
Dialects	Southern Eastern Northern Western
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mns
Glottolog	mans1269
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The Mansi languages are spoken by the Mansi people in Russia along the Ob River and its tributaries, in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Sverdlovsk Oblast. Traditionally considered a single language, they constitute a branch of the Uralic languages, often considered most closely related to neighbouring Khanty and then to Hungarian.

The base dialect of the Mansi literary language is the Sosva dialect, a representative of the northern language. The discussion below is based on the standard language. Fixed word order is typical in Mansi. Adverbials and participles play an important role in sentence construction. A written language was first published in 1868, and the current Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1937.

Varieties

Mansi is subdivided into four main dialect groups which are to a large degree mutually unintelligible, and therefore best considered four languages. A primary split can be set up between the Southern variety and the remainder. A number of features are also shared between the Western and Eastern varieties, while certain later sound changes have diffused between Eastern and Northern (and are also found in some neighboring dialects of Northern Khanty to the east).

Individual dialects are known according to the rivers their speakers live(d) on:^[2]

Proto‑Mansi

Southern Mansi (Tavda)† Core Mansi Central Mansi Western Mansi † Pelym North Vagil Modern Mansi Language South Vagil Old Mansi Language Lower Lozva Mansi Language Middle Lozva Mansi Language Eastern Mansi (Konda) Lower Konda Mansi Language Middle Konda Mansi Language Upper Konda Mansi Language Jukonda Mansi Language Northern Mansi Upper Lozva Mansi Language Severnaya Sosva Mansi Language Sygva Mansi Language Ob Mansi Language

The sub-dialects given above are those which were still spoken in the late 19th and early 20th century and have been documented in linguistic sources on Mansi. Pre-scientific records from the 18th and early 19th centuries exist also of other varieties of Western and Southern Mansi, spoken further west: the Tagil, Tura and Chusovaya dialects of Southern^[3] and the Vishera dialect of Western.^[4]

The two dialects last mentioned were hence spoken on the western slopes of the Urals, where also several early Russian sources document Mansi settlements. Placename evidence has been used to suggest Mansi presence reaching still much further west in earlier times,^[5] though this has been criticized as poorly substantiated.^[6]

Northern Mansi has strong Russian, Komi, Nenets, and Northern Khanty influence, and it forms the base of the literary Mansi language. There is no accusative case; that is, both the nominative and accusative roles are unmarked on the noun. */æ/ and */æː/ have been backed to [a] and [aː].

Western Mansi became extinct ca. 2000. It had strong Russian and Komi influences; dialect differences were also considerable.^[7] Long vowels were diphthongized.

Eastern Mansi is spoken by 100–200 people. It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for */æː/ it has [œː], frequently diphthongized.

Southern (Tavda) Mansi was recorded from area isolated from the other Mansi varieties. Around 1900 a couple hundred speakers existed; in the 1960s it was spoken only by a few elderly speakers,^[7] and it has since then become extinct. It had strong Tatar influence and displayed several archaisms such as vowel harmony, retention of /y/ (elsewhere merged with */æ/), /tsʲ/ (elsewhere deaffricated to /sʲ/), /æː/ (elsewhere fronted to /aː/ or diphthongized) and /ɑː/ (elsewhere raised to /oː/).

Phonology

Consonants

Mansi consonants^[8]

	Labial	Alveolar	(Alveolo-) Palatal	Velar
				Plain	Labialized
Nasals	/m/ м	/n/ н	/nʲ/ нь	/ŋ/ ӈ	/ŋʷ/ ӈв
Stops	/p/ п	/t/ т	/tʲ/ ть	/k/ к	/kʷ/ кв
Affricate			/ɕ/ [1] ~ /sʲ/ щ ~ сь
Fricatives		/s/ с		/x/ [2] /ɣ/ х г	/xʷ/ [3] *ɣʷ [4] хв (в)
Semivowels			/j/ й		/w/ в
Laterals		/l/ л	/lʲ/ ль
Trill		/r/ р

The inventory presented here is a maximal collection of segments found across the Mansi varieties. Some remarks:

1. /ɕ/ is an allophone of /sʲ/.^[9]
2. The voiceless velar fricatives /x/, /xʷ/ are only found in the Northern group and the Lower Konda dialect of the Eastern group, resulting from spirantization of *k, *kʷ adjacent to original back vowels.
3. According to Honti, a contrast between *w and *ɣʷ can be reconstructed, but this does not surface in any of the attested varieties.
4. The labialization contrast among the velars dates back to Proto-Mansi, but was in several varieties strengthened by labialization of velars adjacent to rounded vowels. In particular, Proto-Mansi *yK → Core Mansi *æKʷ (a form of transphonologization).

Vowels

The vowel systems across Mansi show great variety. As typical across the Uralic languages, many more vowel distinctions were possible in the initial, stressed syllable than in unstressed ones. Up to 18–19 stressed vowel contrasts may be found in the Western and Eastern dialects, while Northern Mansi has a much reduced, largely symmetric system of 8 vowels, though lacking short **/e/ and having a very rare long [iː]:

Remarks:

1. ы/и /i/ has a velar allophone [ɨ] before г /ɣ/ and after х /x/.^[10]
2. Long [iː] occurs as a rare and archaic phonetic variant of /eː/, cf. э̄ти ~ ӣти (‘in the evening, evenings’)^[11]
3. Long /eː/ and /oː/ can be pronounced as diphthongs [e͜ɛ] and [o͜ɔ].^[10]
4. у /u/ is found in unstressed (“non-first”) syllables before в /w/, in the infinitive suffix -ункве /uŋkʷe/ and in obscured compound words.^[10]
5. Reduced /ə/ becomes labialized [ə̹] or [ɞ̯] before bilabial consonants м /m/ and п /p/.^[10]

Alphabet

The first publication of the written Mansi language was a translation of the Gospel of Matthew published in London in 1868.^[12] In 1932 a version of Latin alphabet was introduced by the Institute of the Peoples of the North with little success.

The former Latin alphabet:

In 1937, Cyrillic replaced the Latin.

The highlighted letters, and Г with the value /ɡ/, are used only in names and loanwords. The allophones /ɕ/ and /sʲ/ are written with the letter Щ or the digraph СЬ respectively.

А /a/

А̄ /aː/

Б /b/

В /◌ʷ/

Г /ɡ/, /ɣ/

Д /d/

Е /ʲe/

Е̄ /ʲe:/

Ё /ʲo/

Ё̄ /ʲo:/

Ж /ʒ/

З /z/

И /i/

Ӣ /i:/

Й /j/

К /k/

Л /l/, /ʎ/

М /m/

Н /n/, /ɲ/

Ӈ /ŋ/

О /o/

О̄ /o:/

П /p/

Р /r/

С /s/

Т /t/

У /u/

Ӯ /uː/

Ф /f/

Х /χ/

Ц /t͡s/

Ч /t͡ʃʲ/

Ш /ʃ/

Щ /ʃʲtʃʲ/

Ъ /-/

Ы /ɪ/

Ы̄ /ɪ:/

Ь /◌ʲ/

Э /ə~ɤ/

Э̄ /ə:~ɤ:/

Ю /ʲu/

Ю̄ /ʲu:/

Я /ʲa/

Я̄ /ʲa:/

Grammar

Mansi is an agglutinating, subject–object–verb (SOV) language.^[13]

Article

The literary Mansi, the Sosva dialect doesn't have articles.

Definiteness (determination) can also be expressed by the third (less often second) person singular possession marker,^[14] or in case of direct objects, using transitive conjugation.^[15] E.g. а̄мп (’dog’) → а̄мпе (’his/her/its dog’, ’the dog’); ха̄п (’boat’) → ха̄п на̄лув-нарыгтас (’he/she pushed a boat in the water’) ≠ ха̄п на̄лув-нарыгтастэ (’he/she pushed the boat in the water’).

Nouns

There is no grammatical gender. Mansi distinguishes between singular, dual and plural number. Six grammatical cases exist. Possession is expressed using possessive suffixes, for example -ум, which means "my".

Grammatical cases, declining

There are 5 ways the case suffix can change.

• If the word last letter is a consonant:

Example with: пӯт /pūt/ (cauldron) ^[16]

case	sing.	dual	plural
nom.	пӯт pūt	пӯтыг pūtɪɣ	пӯтыт pūtət
loc.	пӯтт pūtt	пӯтыгт pūtɪɣt	пӯтытт pūtətt
lat.	пӯтн pūtn	пӯтыгн pūtɪɣn	пӯтытн pūtətn
abl.	пӯтныл pūtnəl	пӯтыгныл pūtɪɣnəl	пӯтытныл pūtətnəl
trans.	пӯтыг pūtɪɣ	-	-
instr.	пӯтыл pūtəl	пӯтыгтыл pūtɪɣtəl	пӯтытыл pūtətəl

• If the word's last letter is a vowel:

Example with: э̄ква /ēkʷa/ (wife, older woman)

case	sing.	dual	plural
nom.	э̄ква ēkʷa	э̄кваг ēkʷaɣ	э̄кват ēkʷat
loc.	э̄кват ēkʷat	э̄квагт ēkʷaɣt	э̄кватт ēkʷatt
lat.	э̄кван ēkʷan	э̄квагн ēkʷaɣn	э̄кватн ēkʷatn
abl.	э̄кваныл ēkʷanəl	э̄квагныл ēkʷaɣnəl	э̄кватныл ēkʷatnəl
trans.	э̄кваг ēkʷaɣ	-	-
instr.	э̄квал ēkʷal	э̄квагтыл ēkʷaɣtəl	э̄кватыл ēkʷatəl

• If the word has a vowel (ы, и) as the last letter, it can be -йи- or just -и- :

Example with: са̄лы /sāli/ (deer)

case	sing.	dual	plural
nom.	са̄лы sāli	са̄лыйиг sālijiɣ	са̄лыт ēkʷat
loc.	са̄лыт sālit	са̄лыйигт sālijiɣt	са̄лытт sālitt
lat.	са̄лын sālin	са̄лыйигн sālijiɣn	са̄лытн sālitn
abl.	са̄лыныл sālinəl	са̄лыйигныл sālijiɣnəl	са̄лытныл sālitnəl
trans.	са̄лыйиг sālijiɣ	-	-
instr.	са̄лыл sālil	са̄лыйигтыл sālijiɣtəl	са̄лытыл sālitəl

• If the word's last letter is a palatalized consonant:

Example with: ща̄нь /ɕānʲ/ (mother)

case	sing.	dual	plural
nom.	ща̄нь ɕānʲ	ща̄ньыг ɕānʲɪɣ	ща̄ньыт ɕānʲət
loc.	ща̄ньт ɕānʲt	ща̄ньыгт ɕānʲɪɣt	ща̄ньытт ɕānʲətt
lat.	ща̄ньн ɕānʲn	ща̄ньыгн ɕānʲɪɣn	ща̄ньытн ɕānʲətn
abl.	ща̄ньныл ɕānʲnəl	ща̄ньыгныл ɕānʲɪɣnəl	ща̄ньытныл ɕānʲətnəl
trans.	ща̄ниг ɕānʲiɣ	-	-
instr.	ща̄нил ɕānʲil	ща̄ньыгтыл ɕānʲɪɣtəl	ща̄ньытыл ɕānʲətəl

• If the word has a syncopating stem:

Example with: сасыг /sasɪɣ/ (uncle)

case	sing.	dual	plural
nom.	сасыг sasɪɣ	сасгыг sasɣɪɣ	сасгыт sasɣət
loc.	сасыгт sasɪɣt	сасгыгт sasɣɪɣt	сасгытт sasɣətt
lat.	сасыгн sasɪɣn	сасгыгн sasɣɪɣn	сасгытн sasɣətn
abl.	сасыгныл sasɪɣnəl	сасгыгныл sasɣɪɣnəl	сасгытныл sasɣətnəl
trans.	сасгыг sasɣɪɣ	-	-
instr.	сасгыл sasɣəl	сасгыгтыл sasɣɪɣtəl	сасгытыл sasɣətəl

Missing cases can be expressed using postpositions, such as халныл (χalnəl, 'of, out of'), саит (sait, 'after, behind'), etc.

Possession

Possession is expressed with possessive suffixes, and the suffix change is determined by the last letter of a word. There are 5 ways that the suffixes can change:

• If the word has a consonant as the last letter:

Example with: пӯт /pūt/ (cauldron)

possessor	single	double	multiple
1st person sing.	пӯтум pūtəm	пӯтагум pūtaɣəm	пӯтанум pūtanəm
2nd person sing.	пӯтын pūtən	пӯтагын pūtaɣən	пӯтан pūtan
3rd person sing.	пӯтэ pūte	пӯтаге pūtaɣe	пӯтанэ pūtane
1st person dual	пӯтме̄н pūtmēn	пӯтагаме̄н pūtaɣamēn	пӯтанаме̄н pūtanamēn
2nd person dual	пӯты̄н pūtīn	пӯтагы̄н pūtaɣīn	пӯтаны̄н pūtanīn
3rd person dual	пӯтэ̄ pūtē	пӯтаге̄н pūtaɣē	пӯтанэ̄н pūtanē
1st person plu.	пӯтув pūtuw	пӯтагув pūtaɣuw	пӯтанув pūtanuw
2nd person plu.	пӯты̄н pūtīn	пӯтагы̄н pūtaɣīn	пӯтаны̄н pūtanīn
3rd person plu.	пӯтаныл pūtanəl	пӯтага̄ныл pūtanəl	пӯта̄ныл pūtanəl

• If the word has a vowel as the last letter:

Example with: э̄ква /ēkʷa/ (wife, older woman)

possessor	single	double	multiple
1st person sing.	э̄квам ēkʷam	э̄квагум ēkʷaɣəm	э̄кванум ēkʷanəm
2nd person sing.	э̄кван ēkʷan	э̄квагын ēkʷaɣən	э̄кван ēkʷan
3rd person sing.	э̄кватэ ēkʷate	э̄кваге ēkʷaɣe	э̄кванэ ēkʷane
1st person dual	э̄кваме̄н ēkʷamēn	э̄квагаме̄н ēkʷaɣamēn	э̄кванаме̄н ēkʷanamēn
2nd person dual	э̄кван ēkʷan	э̄квагы̄н ēkʷaɣīn	э̄кваны̄н ēkʷanīn
3rd person dual	э̄кватэ̄н ēkʷatēn	э̄кваге̄н ēkʷaɣē	э̄кванэ̄н ēkʷanē
1st person plu.	э̄квав ēkʷaw	э̄квагув ēkʷaɣuw	э̄кванув ēkʷanuw
2nd person plu.	э̄кван ēkʷan	э̄квагы̄н ēkʷaɣīn	э̄кваны̄н ēkʷanīn
3rd person plu.	э̄кваныл ēkʷanəl	э̄кваганыл ēkʷanəl	э̄квананыл ēkʷanəl

• If the word has a vowel (ы, и) as the last letter:

Example with: са̄лы /sāli/ (deer)

possessor	single	double	multiple
1st person sing.	са̄лым sālim	са̄лыягум sālijaɣəm	са̄лыянум sālijanəm
2nd person sing.	са̄лын sālin	са̄лыягын sālijaɣən	са̄лыян sālijan
3rd person sing.	са̄лытэ sālite	са̄лыяге sālijaɣe	са̄лыянэ sālijane
1st person dual	са̄лыме̄н sālimēn	са̄лыягаме̄н sālijaɣamēn	са̄лыянаме̄н sālijanamēn
2nd person dual	са̄лын sālin	са̄лыягы̄н sālijaɣīn	са̄лыяны̄н sālijanīn
3rd person dual	са̄лытэ̄н sālitē	са̄лыяге̄н sālijaɣē	са̄лыянэ̄н sālijanē
1st person plu.	са̄лыюв sālijuw	са̄лыягув sālijaɣuw	са̄лыянув sālijanuw
2nd person plu.	са̄лын sālin	са̄лыягы̄н sālijaɣīn	са̄лыяны̄н sālijanīn
3rd person plu.	са̄лыяныл sālijanəl	са̄лыяганыл sālijaɣanəl	са̄лыянаныл sālijananəl

• If the word has a palatalized consonant as the last letter:

Example with: ща̄нь /ɕānʲ/ (mother)

possessor	single	double	multiple
1st person sing.	ща̄нюм ɕānʲəm	ща̄нягум ɕānʲaɣəm	ща̄нянум ɕānʲanəm
2nd person sing.	ща̄нин ɕānʲən	ща̄нягын ɕānʲaɣən	ща̄нян ɕānʲan
3rd person sing.	ща̄не ɕānʲe	ща̄няге ɕānʲaɣe	ща̄нянэ ɕānʲane
1st person dual	ща̄няме̄н ɕānʲamēn	ща̄нягаме̄н ɕānʲaɣamēn	ща̄нянаме̄н ɕānʲanamēn
2nd person dual	ща̄нӣн ɕānʲīn	ща̄нягы̄н ɕānʲaɣīn	ща̄няны̄н ɕānʲanīn
3rd person dual	ща̄не̄ ɕānʲē	ща̄няге̄н ɕānʲaɣē	ща̄нянэ̄н ɕānʲanē
1st person plu.	ща̄нюв ɕānʲuw	ща̄нягув ɕānʲaɣuw	ща̄нянув ɕānʲanuw
2nd person plu.	ща̄нӣн ɕānʲīn	ща̄нягы̄н ɕānʲaɣīn	ща̄няны̄н ɕānʲanīn
3rd person plu.	ща̄няныл ɕānʲanəl	ща̄няга̄ныл ɕānʲanəl	ща̄ня̄ныл ɕānʲanəl

• If the word has syncopating stem:

Example with: сасыг /sasɪɣ/ (uncle)

possessor	single	double	multiple
1st person sing.	сасгум sasɣəm	сасгагум sasɣaɣəm	сасганум sasɣanəm
2nd person sing.	сасгын sasɣən	сасгагын sasɣaɣən	сасган sasɣan
3rd person sing.	сасгэ sasɣe	сасгаге sasɣaɣe	сасганэ sasɣane
1st person dual	сасыгме̄н sasɪɣmēn	сасгагаме̄н sasɣaɣamēn	сасганаме̄н sasɣanamēn
2nd person dual	сасгы̄н sasɣīn	сасгагы̄н sasɣaɣīn	сасганы̄н sasɣanīn
3rd person dual	сасгэ̄ sasɣē	сасгаге̄н sasɣaɣē	сасганэ̄н sasɣanē
1st person plu.	сасгув sasɣuw	сасгагув sasɣaɣuw	сасганув sasɣanuw
2nd person plu.	сасгы̄н sasɣīn	сасгагы̄н sasɣaɣīn	сасганы̄н sasɣanīn
3rd person plu.	сасганыл sasɣanəl	сасгага̄ныл sasɣanəl	сасга̄ныл sasɣanəl

Verbs

Mansi conjugation has three persons, three numbers, two tenses, and five moods. Active and passive voices exist.

There is no clear distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs.^[17]

The verb can conjugate in a Definite and Indefinite way which depends on if the sentence has an object, which the action depicted by the verb refers to directly.

Personal suffixes

Personal suffixes are attached after the verbal marker. The suffixes are the following:

	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	-ум	-ме̄н	-в
2nd person	-ын	-ы̄н	-ы̄н
3rd person	-ø	-ø	-ыт

Tenses

Tenses are formed with suffixes except for the future.

Present tense

The tense suffix precedes the personal suffix. The form of the present tense suffix depends on the character of the verbal stem, as well as moods. Tense conjugation is formed with the suffixes -эг, -э̄г, -и, -э, -э̄, -г, or -в.^[18] In the following examples, the tense suffix is in bold and the personal ending is in italic.

рӯпитаӈкве - to work

	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	рӯпитэ̄гум	рӯпитыме̄н	рӯпитэ̄в
2nd person	рӯпитэ̄гын	рӯпитэгы̄н	рӯпитэгы̄н
3rd person	рӯпиты	рӯпитэ̄г	рӯпитэ̄гыт

The present tense suffix -э̄г is used if the following personal marker contains a consonant or a highly reduced vowel; the suffix -эг is used if the following personal marker has a stronger vowel, as it is the case in 2nd person dual and plural. 1st person dual has no tense marker but rather a ы between the verb stem and personal ending.

Verb stems that end in a vowel, have -г as verbal marker. Verb stems that end with the vowel у have -в as verbal marker.^[19]

3rd person dual has no personal ending. If the verbal stem ends in a vowel, the tense suffix becomes -ыг.

1st person plural personal ending is -в if the verbal stems ends in a consonant; the personal ending becomes -ув if the verbal stem ends in a vowel.

Past tense

The past tense suffix if the verb stem is monosylabalic is -ыс- and if the verb is polysyllabic it is -ас-:

Сяр ма̄ньлат каснэ хум Евгений Глызин о̄лыс.	The youngest participant in the competition was Jevgeni Glizin.
Ёська мо̄лхо̄тал урт рӯпитас.	Joseph worked at the mountain yesterday.

рӯпитаӈкве - to work

	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	рӯпитасум	рӯпитасаме̄н	рӯпитасув
2nd person	рӯпитасын	рӯпитасы̄н	рӯпитасы̄н
3rd person	рӯпитас	рӯпитасы̄г	рӯпита̄сыт

3rd person dual in past tense has a -ы̄г personal ending.

The 1st person plural personal suffix turns into -ув.

Future tense

To represent the Future tense, the verb патуӈкве (not dissimilar to Hungarians use of the verb fogni) is used as an auxiliary verb conjugated in the Present Indicative:

Тав кӯтювытыл рӯпитаӈкве паты.

He will work with (female) dogs.

Definiteness

Verbs can conjugate two ways to show their agreement with the sentence's object.

Indefinite conjugation

In Indefinite verb conjugations there is no object present. It is not represented by any suffix.

Definite conjugation

In Definite verb conjugations there are three ways the verb can represent the direct object's number.

рӯпитаӈкве - to work

Singular Object	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	рӯпитылум	рӯпитыламēн	рӯпитылув
2nd person	рӯпитылын	рӯпитылы̄н	рӯпитылы̄н
3rd person	рӯпитытэ	рӯпитытэ̄н	рӯпитыяныл

The singular object is expressed with the -ыл- suffix which changes depending on the mood and tense.

рӯпитаӈкве - to work

Dual Object	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	рӯпитыягум	рӯпитыягмēн	рӯпитыягув
2nd person	рӯпитыягын	рӯпитыягы̄н	рӯпитыягы̄н
3rd person	рӯпитыяге	рӯпитыягēн	рӯпитыяга̄ныл

The dual object is expressed with the -ыяг- suffix which changes depending on the mood and tense.

рӯпитаӈкве - to work

Plural Object	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	рӯпитыянум	рӯпитыянмēн	рӯпитыянув
2nd person	рӯпитыянын or рӯпитыян	рӯпитыяны̄н or рӯпитыян	рӯпитыяны̄н or рӯпитыян
3rd person	рӯпитыянэ	рӯпитыянанэ̄н or рӯпитыянэ̄н	рӯпитыяна̄ныл or рӯпитыя̄ныл

The plural object is expressed with the -ыян- suffix which changes depending on the mood and tense.

Moods

There are four moods: indicative, mirative, optative, imperative and conditional.

Indicative mood has no suffix. Imperative mood exists only in the second person. Optative and Imperative don't have tenses.

Mirative mood

Is a mood presented in the present indefinite by the -не suffix and by the -но in definite.

In the past tense it is represented by the -ам suffix, both in indefinite and definite.

Optative mood

The mood is represented by the -нӯв and -нув suffixes, determined by the vowel in the next suffix.

Imperative mood

It exists only in the second person, and in indefinite conjugation, it doesn't show any personal markers, and it is represented by the -эн and -э̄н suffixes.

Active/Passive voice

Verbs have active and passive voice. Active voice has no suffix; the suffix to express the passive is -ве-.

Verbal prefixes

Verbal prefixes are used to modify the meaning of the verb in both concrete and abstract ways. For example, with the prefix эл- (el-) (away, off) the verb мина (mina) (go) becomes элмина (elmina), which means to go away. This is surprisingly close to the Hungarian equivalents: el- (away) and menni (to go), where elmenni is to go away

ēl(a) – 'forwards, onwards, away'

jōm- 'to go, to stride'	ēl-jōm- 'to go away/on'
tinal- 'to sell'	ēl-tinal- 'to sell off'

χot – 'direction away from something and other nuances of action intensity'

min- 'to go'	χot-min- 'to go away, to stop'
roχt- 'to be frightened'	χot-roχt- 'to take fright suddenly'

Numbers

#	Northern Mansi	Hungarian
1	аква (akʷa)	egy
2	китыг (kitiɣ)	kettő
3	хурум (xuːrəm)	három
4	нила (ɲila)	négy
5	ат (at)	öt
6	хот (xoːt)	hat
7	сат (saːt)	hét
8	нёллов (ɲollow)	nyolc
9	онтэллов (ontəlow)	kilenc
10	лов (low)	tíz
20	хус (xus)	húsz
100	сат (saːt/janiɣsaːt)	száz
1000	сотэр (soːtər)	ezer

Numbers 1 and 2 also have attributive forms: акв (1) and кит (2); compare with Hungarian két, Old Hungarian kit).

Sample vocabulary

Northern Mansi	English
Па̄ща о̄лэн	Hello (to one person)
Па̄ща о̄лэ̄н	Hello (to multiple people)
Наӈ наме ма̄ныр?	What is your name?
Ам намум ___.	My name is ____.
Пумасипа!	Thank you
О̄с ёмас ӯлум	Goodbye
нэ̄	woman
хум	man, person
ня̄врам	child
юрт, рума	friend
а̄щ	father
ща̄нь	mother
пы̄г	boy
а̄ги	girl
кол	house
ӯс	city
ма̄	land
ха̄ль	birch tree
я̄	river
во̄р	forest
тӯр	lake
нэ̄пак	book
пасан	table
а̄мп	dog
кати	cat
ӯй	animal
во̄рто̄лнут	bear
хӯл	fish

Examples

Northern Mansi	English	Morphological translation
Aм хӯл алысьлаӈкве минасум.	I went fishing.	I fish hunt.to go.did.I
А̄кврись, а̄кврись, тутсяӈын хо̄т? — А̄мпын тотвес. А̄мпе хо̄т? —Во̄рн минас. Во̄ре хо̄т? —На̄йн та̄йвес.	Dear auntie, dear auntie, where is your sewing kit? — It has been taken by the dog. Where is the dog? — It has gone to the forest. Where is the forest? — It has been burnt down by fire.	Auntie.dear, auntie.dear, sewing-kit.your where? — Dog.by taken.was.(it). Dog.its where? — Forest.into go.did.(it). Forest.its where? — Fire.by eaten.was.(it).

Notes

References

• Nyelvrokonaink. Teleki László Alapítvány, Budapest, 2000.
• A világ nyelvei. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest
• Honti, László (1998). "ObUgrian". In Abondolo, Daniel (ed.). The Uralic Languages.
• Kálmán, Béla (1965). Vogul Chrestomathy. Indiana University Publications. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 46. The Hague: Mouton.
• Kálmán, Béla (1989). Chrestomathia Vogulica (in Hungarian and German) (3rd ed.). Budapest: Tankönyvkiadó. ISBN 963-18-2088-2.
• Kulonen, Ulla-Maija (2007). Itämansin kielioppi ja tekstejä. Apuneuvoja suomalais-ugrilaisten kielten opintoja varten (in Finnish). Vol. XV. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. ISBN 978-952-5150-87-2.
• Munkácsi, Bernát and Kálmán, Béla. 1986. Wogulisches Wörterbuch. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. [In German and Hungarian.]
• Riese, Timothy. Vogul: Languages of the World/Materials 158. Lincom Europa, 2001. ISBN 3-89586-231-2
• Ромбандеева, Евдокия Ивановна. Мансийский (вогульский) язык, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Linguistics, 1973. [In Russian.]

External links

• Mansi at Omniglot
• Digital version of Munkácsi and Kálmán's dictionary
• Mansi language dictionary
• Mansi basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
• Red Book of the Peoples – Mansi history
• Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia – Mansi education
• OLAC resources in and about the Mansi language
• Документация и изучение верхнелозьвинского диалекта