National anthem of Iraq
| English: My Homeland | |
|---|---|
| موطني | |
 | |
Former national anthem of Palestine National anthem of Iraq | |
| Lyrics | ʾIbrāhīm Ṭūqān, 1934 |
| Music | Muḥammid Flayfil, 1934 |
| Adopted | 1936 (by Palestine) 2004 (by Iraq) |
| Preceded by | "Mawtini" (Iraq) |
| Succeeded by | "Fida'i" (Palestine) |
| Audio sample | |
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (two verses) | |
"Mawṭinī" (Arabic: موطني, lit. 'My Homeland') is the national anthem of Iraq, being adopted as such in 2004.
The song formerly served as an unofficial anthem of Palestinians and other colonized peoples of the Middle East for much of the 20th century. In 1996, Palestine formally adopted it as the official national anthem.[1][2] Though it has since been superseded by an official national anthem there, many Palestinians still identify strongly with it and consider it an unofficial second national anthem of their country. It is considered one of the Arab national anthems, including two periods where it was the national anthem of Iraq. It is also a popular patriotic song in Syria and Algeria.[3]
History
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It is a popular poem written by the Palestinian poet ʾIbrāhīm Ṭūqān c. 1934 and composed by the Lebanese composer Muḥammid Flayfil. It served as Palestine's de facto national anthem from its inception to 1996 when it was officially replaced by "Fidā'ī". However, many Palestinians still identify with it along with "Fida'i" and consider the former a sort of unofficial second national anthem of their country.[4]
In 2004, it was re-adopted as a national anthem, this time by Iraq, on the order of Coalition Provisional Authority chief Paul Bremer[5] as the national anthem of Iraq. It replaced "Mawṭinī" (of no relation to the current national anthem), which in turn replaced the old national anthem "Arḍulfurātayni", which had been in use since 1981 and was thus associated with Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime.[6]
Background
During the late 1950s and early 1960s, after it became a republic, Iraq used a national anthem also called "Mawṭinī", composed by Lewis Zanbaka.[7] Though it shares the same name as the current Iraqi national anthem, it is a different song altogether.[7] Unlike the current Iraqi national anthem, this version is instrumental and has no lyrics.[8][7]
After Iraq's Ba'athist regime was deposed in 2003, the old "Mawṭinī" formerly used as the Iraqi national anthem during the late 1950s and early 1960s was brought back and used temporarily as an interim national anthem[7] until it was replaced by the current "Mawṭinī" in 2004.
Lyrics
| Arabic original[9][10] | Transliteration | IPA transcription[a] | English translation[11][12] |
|---|---|---|---|
١ |
I |
1 |
I |
See also
- "as-Salām al-Malakī", the former Iraqi national anthem, used from 1932 to 1958.
- "ʾArḍ ul-Furātayn", the former Iraqi national anthem, used from 1981 to 2003.
- "Humat ad-Diyar", anthem of Syria, also composed by Mohammed Flayfel.
Notes
- ^ See Help:IPA/Arabic and Arabic phonology.
- ^ a b c Sometimes written تَسْتَقِلَّ tastaqilla [tæs.tɑ.qɪl.læ],[9] the second-person instead of third-person form.
- ^ ذِلُّنَا Ḏillunā [ðɪl.lʊ.næː] is also used.[13]
References
- ^ "National Anthems".
- ^ "The song that inspired the Arab world: Ibrahim Tuqan and the making of "Mawtini"". Palestinian Journeys. Archived from the original on 2019-08-29. Retrieved 2019-02-15.
- ^ "Remarkable Syrian artistic event evoking peace held in Paris". SANA. 5 October 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ Wills, Emily Regan (July 2016). "Discourses and Differences: Situating Pro-Palestine Activism in Discursive Context". Theory in Action. 9 (3): 48–71. doi:10.3798/tia.1937-0237.16018.
- ^ "Iraq aims to unite with new national anthem, flag". The Daily Star. September 24, 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
- ^ "Iraq - Mawtini". NationalAnthems.me. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ a b c d Schaffer, Edward; Scotland, Jan; Popp, Reinhard (2017). "Iraq (1958-1965, 2003-2004)". National Anthems. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
Immediately after the fall of the Sadam Hussein government in 2003, 'Mawtini' was used again for a brief time as an interim anthem until a new one was adopted. (The title of this anthem is identical to the title of the anthem that replaced it in 2004).
{cite web}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Wetzel, Dan (August 24, 2004). "One last chance". Yahoo! Sports. Yahoo!. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
The song is 'My Country.' It is relatively short, contains no words and was composed by a man named Lewis Zanbaka...
- ^ a b نشيد مَوطِني. المدرسة العربية الالكترونية. April 2003.
- ^ سمير الرسام - النشيد الوطني العراقي - موطني بحلته الجديدة - الحوار المتمدن. Ahewar. December 18, 2016.
- ^ "Maw6ini" (PDF). Xpace Cultural Centre. June 29, 2018.
- ^ "My Homeland: "The Youth will not tire, 'till your independence!"". Bethlehem Bible College. November 28, 2015.
- ^ "National Anthem of Iraq - مَوطِنِي (Iraq anthem, 이라크의 국가)". YouTube.
External links
- Information on Mawtini at NationalAnthems.me (archive link)
- Ilham al Madfai – A free download of Iraqi singer Ilham al Madfai's version of "Mawtini" is available at his official website, from the CD "The Voice of Iraq"
- Anthem Original Performance
- Watch Mawtini sung by Algerian youth
- Free download of Mawtini performed by Sgt. Brenda Bushera, a member of the 34th Red Bull Infantry Band
- Listen to a Syrian version
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