Olivais (Lisbon)

Olivais
Civil parish
Clockwise: Monument to João Maria Ferreira do Amaral; Viscondessa dos Olivais Square; Lisbon Airport; Olivais Philharmonic Society; Santa Maria dos Olivais Church; Municipal Library of Olivais
Coat of arms of Olivais
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 38°46′26″N 9°07′05″W / 38.774°N 9.118°W / 38.774; -9.118
Country Portugal
RegionLisbon
Metropolitan areaLisbon
DistrictLisbon
MunicipalityLisbon
Area
 • Total8.09 km2 (3.12 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total32,179
 • Density4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC±00:00 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
PatronSaint Mary
Websitewww.jf-olivais.pt

Olivais (Portuguese pronunciation: [oliˈvajʃ]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and typical quarter of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal. Located in eastern Lisbon, Olivais is west of Parque das Nações, north of Marvila and Alvalade, and east of Lumiar and Santa Clara. The population in 2021 was 32,179.[1][2]

History

Kingdom of Portugal and incorporation into Lisbon (1147 - 1886)

The location of the Olivais headquarters, before its use. 19th century engraving. Drawing perhaps from the 16th century. At this time, Sacavém, on a bend in the Tagus, was visible from the temple site

The parish was created in 1397, probably resulting in the division of a part of Beato (to the south) and Sacavém (to the north) thanks to the intervention of the first bishop of Lisbon João Anes (bishop) [pt].[3]

The parish was duly sanctioned through a papal bull issued on the 1st of July in 1400 by Pope Boniface IX.

The creation of this new ecclesiastical entity was orchestrated by incorporating territory from the Lisbon Term. It is worth noting that these lands, long before their inclusion in the Parish of Olivais, had previously comprised the outskirts of the city, situated beyond Chelas. The Marvila district, once home to Moorish mosques, had been in the possession of the bishopric since the year 1149. Furthermore, it is presumed that this land may have also been affiliated with the Parish of Sacavém, which was established in the 12th century, potentially encompassing the areas of Marcos, Encarnação, and Portela. The demarcation of boundaries in this regard was somewhat vague and subject to fluctuation.

Map of the Term of Lisbon in 1527[4]

A map of the Lisbon Term from the year 1527 provides a visual representation of this historical context.

Granted to the capital city in 1385 by the benevolent D. João I, as a token of gratitude for services rendered to the nation and the monarchy, this Lisbon Term, in essence, extended as follows: encompassing the entire expanse of the kingdom from the western coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, to the south along the same ocean and the Tagus River, to the east along the Tagus River, and demarcated to the north, conceivably, by the Alcabrichel River on the ocean side, and the Ota River on the Tagus side. Consequently, the area that would later evolve into the parish in question fell under the administrative and policing jurisdiction of the city of Lisbon. This state of affairs endured until the 19th century.[5]

While this donation by the Master of Avis was undeniably advantageous for Lisbon, it gave rise to dissatisfaction among those who had vested interests incorporated within it. Notably, D. Nuno Álvares Pereira, the lord of the reguengos of Sacavém, Unhos, Frielas, and Charneca, voiced his grievances to the monarch. However, through a letter of sentence issued on the 13th of April in 1429, the wise king adeptly addressed the concerns of this distinguished military figure, reconciling their respective interests. In his ruling, the monarch declared, "we judge that the said city exercises jurisdiction over the said places freely, unencumbered by the letters of donation presented by the said count, and without prejudice to him in this matter." ("julgamos q.a dita cidade aja as jurisdições dos ditos lugares liuremente, e husse dellas sem embargo das cartas das doações mostradas da parte do dito conde (estabre), e ssem embargo daquilo q. da sua parte he dito").[6]

Reproduction of the original area of the parish of Olivais

The exact date of the construction of the parish church remains unknown. Nevertheless, given the year of the parish's formation, we can place it at least in the 14th century, although there are no records of its founders. The story, preserved in tradition, that the patron saint's image was found within the hollow of an olive tree trunk, leading to the naming of the new jurisdiction as Nossa Senhora or Santa Maria dos Olivais, appears to be of a legendary nature. However, the said trunk, which the vicar of the time had ordered to be uprooted and preserved, was kept in the sacristy until 1700.[7][8]

In 1420, at the invitation of the vicar himself, the Congregation of Secular Canons of Saint John the Evangelist had their first temple there. However, this priest's hospitality ended with the expulsion of the friars, likely due to personal differences, and for this or other reasons, Archbishop D. Jorge da Costa united the church with the chapel of Nossa Senhora da Conceição at the Lóios Convent, near the São Jorge Castle of Lisbon, where they had been since 1442. Until 1834, the tithes of the parish belonged to the Lóios Convent. The church of Olivais became or already was a "vicarage, presented by the Rector of the Santo Eloy Convent."[9]

Santa Maria dos Olivais Church

These were the beginnings of an era when the parish, as noted by Gomes de Brito, was a "repository of youthful affections, pious beliefs, grateful and salutary memories" and, at the same time, a "sacred ground where fathers, brothers, sons, and wives slept beneath the gravestones," serving as a focal point for collective attraction and strong, enduring bonds.[10]

Indeed, countless hours, both solemn and joyful, were spent under the welcoming roof of the Virgin Mary, while a multitude of bodies found their resting place in the church and its courtyard, where weathered gravestones, especially in the main altar area, still bear the names of respectable figures from the jurisdiction. Particularly notable are the two side chapels of the nave, one on the left dedicated to Gomes Alpoim de Brito and his family, with the tomb located at the rear, and the one on the right, more recently used, presumably by Diogo de Brito Delgado and family members residing in Panasqueira, possibly succeeding another older owner.

Coat of arms of Olivais municipality

Holy water fonts on either side of the porch confirm the ownership of the two chapels, with their heraldic shields carved on them. In the left one, there are the Alpoim arms, and in the right, an unidentified coat of arms, perhaps belonging to one of the Esteves families in the vicinity, one of which had its roots at Fonte da Pipa, or possibly the aforementioned Brito Delgado family, connected to the Ataídes family, and in this case, with no prior bearers before them. Gomes Alpoim de Brito, who obtained his coat of arms on November 17, 1573, and was married to his cousin, D. Ana de Figueiroa de Barros, was the grandson of Amador Alpoim, the royal finance clerk of D. Duarte, president of the Municipal Senate, and founder of the Morgado dos Marcos, headquartered at the Quinta dos Alpoins. He was widowed in 1609 and passed away on August 25, 1621, being the husband of D. Ana de Barros.

The proximity to Lisbon benefited the new parish, whose area witnessed numerous settlements. However, in return, the central area occupied by the church experienced slow progress in contrast to the more rapid development of peripheral zones, especially those along the Tagus River on this side of Cabo Ruivo, which had been considered beautiful environs of Lisbon from the beginning.[11]

Nevertheless, the chosen location for building the temple, which was restored in the 16th and 17th centuries, reconstructed after 1755, and renovated again in the 19th century, is roughly equidistant from the boundaries of Sacavém and the beach (entry and exit points). It overlooks the kneeling valley, until recently, at the foot of Vale Formoso de Cima, Laje, and Aldeia. This choice doesn't seem purely coincidental.

Parish flag

It is believed that Nossa Senhora dos Olivais owes its existence to the requests of the local population, given the difficulty of attending religious services in the distant churches of Lisbon and Sacavém, which were heavily dependent on poor transportation, particularly during the winter. This was the case with Charneca on November 6, 1511, where three brotherhoods served the parish under the names of Nossa Senhora do Rosário, das Almas, and do Santíssimo, with only the latter still in existence today. The same applied to Camarate in terms of the number and names of confraternities.

In 1674, the Convent of São Cornélio, belonging to the Franciscan friars, was built in the parish. Although having crumbled over the centuries, it has left behind various remnants such as the ruins of its portico.[12]

The construction of the railway in 1856 triggered the establishment of industries that benefited from both the proximity to the railway line and the nearby river port of Olivais, which remained complementary to rail transport for a considerable period.

Palácio do Contador-Mor

Following the undeniable trend that progressive urban centers tend to absorb neighboring rural areas, the municipality began to decline toward the end of the 19th century.

Fragmented and gradually parceled into a scarcely profitable domain, the Parish of Olivais, until the end of the 19th century, represented an attractive enclave for the Lisbon aristocracy. Alas, it fell victim to the inevitable tide of progress, much like its neighboring parishes. It was, fundamentally, a place of leisure, frequented for holidays and, much later, retreats, renowned along the Road to Sacavém. Despite its crucial role in supplying the city, it naturally became a target for Lisbon's expansion, albeit through a gradual process of annexation. The following phases emerged from this process, on the peripheral fringes of the parish, intrinsic to its involvement in the Lisbon Term.

Firstly, the law of August 20, 1654, annexed the parishes of the Term to the neighborhoods of Lisbon for the purposes of law enforcement and criminal prosecution, without, however, incorporating them within their jurisdiction. Subsequently, the position of Corregedor do Crime (Crime Magistrate) of the Term was abolished, subjecting the 42 judicatures he oversaw to the jurisdiction of the city's magistrates, naturally including that of Olivais.

Olive trees in Olivais: the Portuguese for olive trees is, in fact, Olivais

At that time, a substantial portion of the Olivais parish was commonly regarded as integrated into the capital, so intertwined were the extremities of both, and so enriched were the former by their lucrative association with the latter.[13]

Announcement from Companhia Real dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses, for round-trip tickets from Lisbon to Olivais at special prices, on the occasion of the feast of São Sebastião in 1872

Nonetheless, the boundaries of the splendid city, established by decree on December 3, 1755, and confirmed by royal decree on May 12, 1758, extended from the Tejo River to Santa Apolónia on one side, with Olivais bordering the Vale de Chelas. On the Sacavém side, the delineations of the parish encompassed Marcos, Encarnação, Portela, and the Road to Sacavém, in the vicinity of Bela Vista.[14]

In 1756, a relatively short period later, the vast eastern territory was carved out for the first time with the establishment of the new parish of Beato, which encompassed Chelas, Fonte do Louro up to Cruz do Almada, Rua Direita de Marvila, Grilo, Beato, and Poço do Bispo. Officially established in 1770, this valuable jurisdiction was altered by the 1780 plan, which returned Rua Direita de Marvila to Olivais. In 1811 and 1834, it participated in the city's division into 13 neighborhoods, featuring prominently in Alfama.[15]

Following a judicial division approved by decree on August 7, 1835, it was structured into six judicatures, each with its own Term. The Alfama neighborhood judicature comprised the parishes of São Bartolomeu da Charneca, Campo Grande, São João da Talha, Santa Iria da Azoia, Olivais, Sacavém, São Tiago dos Velhos, and Vialonga. On May 21, 1841, these arrangements served as the basis for a new administrative division of Lisbon, now reduced to six neighborhoods, with Olivais also participating in Alfama.

Olivais

The Municipality of Olivais was created by decree on September 11, 1852, issued by the Ministry of the Kingdom, which established new boundaries for the city of Lisbon.

View of the Olivais Railway Station on the Linha do Norte, opened on October 28, 1856, integrating the first section of the railway in Portugal.

Until municipal elections were held, the civil governor of Lisbon would appoint an Administrative Committee for the new municipality, endowed with the functions typically assigned to municipal councils. However, all the responsibilities conferred by laws and regulations regarding census and elections, until these took place, would be exercised in the Municipality of Olivais by the Municipal Council of Lisbon. Furthermore, the government would designate a state building to serve as the Town Hall for the new municipality. The administration of properties that Lisbon held within the annexed territory would continue to belong to Lisbon. The revenue from municipal taxes that the Lisbon Municipal Council had acquired through auction until the establishment of the Municipality of Olivais would still be collected by the respective Municipal Council until the end of the respective auctions. The government also committed to annually provide the Municipality of Olivais with a sum equivalent to the expenses incurred by the Lisbon Municipal Council in the territory of the newly created municipality related to public lighting and road maintenance, until these matters were regulated. Finally, the Civil Governor of Lisbon would provisionally determine, within 60 days, the new municipality's boundaries, which, after a year, would become definitive, subject to a proposal from the same governor, accompanied by information from the competent authorities and any received complaints, a proposal contingent upon government confirmation or alteration.[16] Between 1852 and 1886 Santa Maria dos Olivais formed a large municipality, predominantly rural, including 22 civil parishes.

Bedeteca Municipal de Lisboa

It covered an area of approximately 223 square kilometers and had a population of 25,495 inhabitants in 1864,

which increased to 29,491 inhabitants by 1878.

The headquarters of the Olivais Municipal Council were situated at Largo do Leão in São Jorge de Arroios. This building still stands today, currently housing the Professional School of Arts, Technologies, and Sports (EPAD), after serving as a primary school for many years.

Indeed, by a decree dated July 18, 1885, the Lisbon municipality annexed the parishes of Beato, Charneca, Ameixoeira, Lumiar, Campo Grande, and even the parish of Olivais to the Municipality of Olivais.

Following the dissolution of the Belém municipality, the parishes of Carnide and Odivelas were temporarily incorporated into the Municipality of Olivais, albeit for only one year. In 1886, the southernmost parishes were integrated into the city of Lisbon, and the following year, the municipality's seat was relocated to the town of Loures, thereby formally dissolving the Municipality of Olivais and establishing the new Municipality of Loures. The parish of Santo Estêvão das Galés became part of the Mafra municipality.

Limits of Olivais municipality

The Olivais Municipal Council convened for the last time in its official capacity at the Town Hall, now situated outside its boundaries at Largo do Leão, on December 30, 1886. The council members included the following: President, Barão de Vale Formoso, Tomás António Barbosa Leitão; Vice-President, João Antunes Pomba; and Councillors, Manuel Rodrigues Azevedo, Olegário Luís António de Sousa, Joaquim Marques Ferreira, Fernando Silvestre Alves, and Francisco Pereira Pedroso. On January 2, 1887, the council administered the oath of office to the new Municipal Council of Loures in the same location. On the 3rd of January, the same council convened an extraordinary meeting to address various matters, including urgent contracts, public lighting, municipal personnel, and the cleanliness of some parishes. The first regular session took place on January 7, with the council remaining at the "extinct" Municipality of Olivais until July. The session on the 7th was conducted in the council's own premises at the Palácio dos Marqueses da Praia in the Mealhada district.

Additionally, on a temporary basis, the parishes of Camarate and Sacavém (intramuros) remained within the jurisdiction of Lisbon until 1895 when they permanently transitioned to the Loures municipality.

Urbanization and new boundaries (1886-2012)

Torres dos Olivais, by Manuel Tainha and Raul Hestnes Ferreira

On September 26, 1895, a decree was approved that separated the extramural part of the Sítio dos Marcos from the Olivais Parish and joined it to the newly created Loures Municipality. Later, by Decree No. 15,222 dated March 23, 1928, the extramural part of the Sítio dos Marcos became the Moscavide Parish.[17]

Established in 1897, already under the administration of the Lisbon municipality, the Cemetery of Olivais [pt], formerly part of the extinct council of Olivais, is situated on the grounds where the Convent of São Cornélio stood in 1674. On the path to the cemetery chapel, the oldest burial plots were constructed, including that of the Viscountess of Olivais [pt], a philanthropist who financed and established a refuge for the most underprivileged children in the area. This refuge still exists today as a daycare and kindergarten under the auspices of the D. Pedro IV Foundation.[18][19]

Beginning in 1903, the city's last fiscal checkpoint was established in the former jurisdiction established by D. João Anes. It had posts in Encarnação, with the building located in front of the local church (which was demolished in 1940); Quinta do Cabeço; Moscavide; Rua Conselheiro Mariano de Carvalho, No. 5 to 7; Cabo Ruivo, with its location in Vale Formoso de Baixo at No. 198-A (since demolished); Braço de Prata, in front of the Arco das Panelas; and Beato, with a building in Marvila.

TAP Headquarters
Aerial view of Olivais highlighting Humberto Delgado airport and surrounding areas

1940 saw the construction of the first structures of Lisbon Airport, in fact, significant part of the territory of the Olivais parish is occupied by said airport. Humberto Delgado Airport served approximately 33.65 million passengers in 2023, being the busiest airport in Portugal, the fourth busiest in the Iberian Peninsula and the 12th busiest in Europe.[20][21]

In 1946 what is now IPMA was established in Olivais. The Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA - Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera) is Portugal's national meteorological, seismic, and oceanographic service. Known by its acronym IPMA, it was founded in 1946 under the name National Meteorological Service [pt] (Serviço Meteorológico Nacional). In 2012, it took its current name when its mission was extended to fisheries and oceanography during the reorganization of government agencies.[22]

Urbanization plan of Olivais Sul by José Rafael Botelho

On February 7, 1959, a decree was approved that altered the administrative division of Lisbon, creating new parishes and adjusting existing ones. As a result, the massive Olivais parish was reduced to the following boundaries: "Starting from the edge of the Tejo River near Cabo Ruivo, it follows northwest along the axis of Lisbon's Second Circular Road. After passing the airport roundabout, it continues for about 1100 meters along the projected axis of the aforementioned circular road until it reaches the point closest to the same circular road, near the longest runway of Lisbon Airport (N.E.-S.W.). From here, it continues, skirting the airport, along the western side (along the edge of the lands reserved by the Directorate-General of Civil Aviation for the expansion of runways) until it reaches the circumferential road that limits the city and the municipality of Lisbon. It then continues east along the municipal boundary until it reaches the Tejo River. Finally, it turns south, following the riverbank until the starting point."[23]

In the second half of the XX century the parish experienced sustained demographic growth. During this period many buildings were built, with contribution also from renowned Portuguese architects such as Cândido Palma de Melo [pt], José Rafael Botelho [pt] and Raul Hestnes Ferreira [pt].

Torres dos Olivais, by Manuel Tainha and Raul Hestnes Ferreira

In the 1960s, with the occupation of regional properties already in the possession of the Lisbon Municipal Council, the parish gained in terms of real estate and population what it had gradually lost in proportion, shedding its rustic characteristics and picturesque divisions that had been maintained for nearly 600 years. The parish became an highly urbanized area located within the historic region of Estremadura.

In 1960 the Olivais swimming pool opened. It was the first swimming pool in Portugal to have an Olympic-sized pool. Along with swimming pools in Areeiro and Campo Grande, it is considered exemplary of 1960s Portuguese architecture.The swimming pool was built as an outdoor pool complex according to plans by the architects Eduardo Paiva Lopes and Aníbal Barros da Fonseca. It lies in the valley between the neighborhoods of Olivais Sul and Encarnação on Avenida de Berlim. The sports complex closed in 2006 but was heavily expanded (it now houses four swimming pools as well as other sports facilities) in 2015.[24][25][26][27]

Subway in Olivais

The Cine-Teatro da Encarnação, an emblematic building found in Olivais, was inaugurated on April 7, 1968, by the then President of the Republic, Américo Tomás. Located on Rua da Quinta de Santa Maria, it was, for years, the most emblematic cinema in the eastern part of the city. At that time, the 2nd Circular road had not yet been built, which passes not far from this area. In 1969, the cinema underwent renovation, especially its balcony, which did not allow viewers to watch films properly. With a capacity to accommodate 750 spectators, it was a meeting point and landmark of the Encarnação neighborhood. However, this space stopped showing films in 2000, currently functioning as a theater and cultural and sports complex of the Sports and Cultural Association of Encarnação and Olivais (ADCEO).[28][29] In 1989 the Escola de Comércio de Lisboa (ECL), an educational institution in Lisbon, offering commerce-related vocational and academic training, was established in the parish.[30]

Cabo Ruivo metro station.

In 1998 Olivais and Cabo Ruivo metro stations opened to the public, being the first two stations of Lisbon metro ever built in Olivais parish. Their inauguration coincided with Expo 1998.

With the increase in Lisbon's population, particularly in this parish, the need arose for several expansions of the cemetery and the construction of the city's second crematorium (after the one of Alto de São João Cemetery, in Penha de França) in December 2002. In 2009, a third furnace was added, providing the municipality with the necessary infrastructure to timely meet the demand for cremation services. Some prominent figures of our culture, such as journalist Carlos Pinto Coelho, poet and actress Rosa Lobato de Faria, actors António Feio and Pedro Pinheiro [pt], musician Zé Pedro [pt], among many others, have been cremated here.[19]

In 2004 the northern entrance to Lisbon was completely redesigned. Many trees were added so as to limit noise pollution and make the parish greener. The project received the Valmor prize of Architecture.[31]

In 2002 the ancient posto sanitário da Encarnação was rebuilt and redesigned so as to host, since 2005, the national Bromatology laboratory, planned against biological warfare. These laboratories are designed for screening microbiological and toxic agents, usable in terrorist attacks.[32][33][34]

Infrastructure development (2012 - present)

In 2012, as part of the administrative reorganization of the city of Lisbon, the parish of Santa Maria dos Olivais (then renamed to the Parish of Olivais) was subdivided, losing approximately 25% of its territory (the waterfront area of the former Expo '98) to the new parish of Parque das Nações. Additionally, it underwent some adjustments in its boundaries with neighboring parishes.[35][36]

Evolution of the number of passengers in Lisbon airport since the country's accession to the EU

In 2012 three additional stations of Lisbon metro opened in the parish. They are, respectively, Moscavide, Encarnação and Aeroporto. The latter connects Lisbon airport with the city centre, making travel between the two extremely easy. In the same year, the number of passengers passing through Lisbon airport reached 15 million, the highest number ever recorded. [37] The surge in the number of passengers departing from Lisbon and coming visiting Lisbon is mainly due to the emergence of low-cost airlines such as Ryanair - to which Lisbon airport is a Focus city - in the same years.[38] Another factor contributing to the boom in the number of passengers in Lisbon airport is also due to Arab Spring protests occurred in 2011, that made once thriving tourist hotspots such as Egypt and Tunisia not so sought after by Europeans, making Portugal a natural alternative due to its Mediterranean climate, sandy beaches and a wide variety of historical landmarks.[39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Last but not least, the construction of the new Terminal 2 of Lisbon airport, concluded and operational since August 2007, and expansion of Terminal 1 with new boarding gates (concluded in 2011), a large new shopping and restaurant area, new airbridges and parking positions and a more efficient use of existing structures, certainly contributed to increasing the number of passengers in Lisbon airport.[46] Partly in response to the surge in the number of passengers, many hotels opened on the premises of the airport or nearby, such as those managed by Spanish Meliá Hotels International[47] or Portuguese companies Star Inn[48] or Moov Hotels.[49][50]

Last shacks of Quinta da Vitória in 2010, awaiting demolition

By 2014 the old shanty town of Quinta da Vitória [pt] was completely demolished. It was one of the last slums still existing in Lisbon. In the early 1990s, as many as 400 families lived in shacks in this area, shared between Lisbon and Loures municipality. After the first shacks were built in the late 1960s by Portuguese migrants, mainly from the northern region of the country, the main growth of the neighborhood occurred after the independence of the African countries formerly colonized by Portugal. There was an initial peak in growth in the second half of the 1970s, corresponding to the migratory dynamics following independence, and a second peak in the early 1980s, primarily by Hindus from Mozambique who fled due to the escalation of the civil war. In 1993, when PER program was initiated, Quinta da Vitória was one of the hundreds of shantytowns found in Lisbon. Starting from 2002, when Alfredo Bensaúde government-fund neighbourhood was built, families started being relocated there, with the last shacks being demolished in 2014. Thanks to heavy public investment towards social neighbourhoods in the late 1990s and early 2000s, there are currently no slums in Olivais.[51][52][53][54]

What remained of Quinta da Vitória in 2011; there are now (2024) a shopping centre and residential buildings instead of the shacks




In 2014 the new kindergarten José Mateus was built. The parish has increasingly invested in education in the last decade.[55][56] For instance, in 2014 primary school Paulino Montez was redesigned[57] and in the following year (2015) the primary school Sarah Affonso was reinaugurated after one year of heavy works that rebuilt and expanded the building dating from 1962.[58][59][60] Also in 2014 the parish started investing more in kids' playgrounds, such as in Mercado da Encarnação, Rua 11 and Rua 29.[61]

In 2016-17 there were multiple investments in renovating children playgrounds and sports facilities found in the parish, such as vita parcours or calisthenics parks.[62][63][64] In the same years, the ancient Palácio Benagazil, dating from the XVIII century, was restorated, being now open to the public during cultural events organised on its premises.[65][66][67]

In 2018 a violent fire devastated a Chinese shopping centre near a densely populated area; although there haven't been victims, the population was asked to keep their windows closed for several hours due to fear of aerial intoxication.[68][69]

In 2019 a new parking space for up to 279 cars was inaugurated in Avenida Pádua, near the cemitery. Also in 2019, new parking lots were built near the historical centre of the parish and in Encarnação, adding more than 1,000 public parking lots for residents.[70][71][72][73]

In recent years there have also been many investments dealing with education. For instance, in 2020-21 Escola Secundária António Damásio was completely refurbished, new external areas were created, a new fence was put in place and a new gym was inaugurated. In the same years, a new kindergarden and a new nursery school were built.[74][75][76][77][78]

Olivais panoramic view

In 2021 the new clinical centre of the parish was opened to the public, with its inauguration having been postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In 2021 were also announced major public interventions for the upcoming years, including a Loja do Cidadão (Citizen's Shop), a mega-project costing around 700 thousand euros aiming at building a brand-new airport overlook (miradouro), the requalification of Bairro da Encarnação, Market of Célula B, and Viscondessa Square and the building of a motorhome Station. For the latter, the construction is planned in an abandoned area near Galp gas station on the 2nd circular, to address the lack of facilities for motorhomes in Lisbon, contribute to tourism, and boost local commerce.[79] On October 2021 also occurred the inauguration of the new National Laboratory of Medicines (Laboratório Nacional do Medicamento), succeeding the Military Laboratory of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Products (Laboratório Militar de Produtos Químicos e Farmacêuticos), which has been operational since 1918 in Olivais.[80] Starting from 2021, major renovation works started in many streets of the parish, aiming at rationalising parking places, increasing pedestrian areas and facilitate mobility, these are the cases, for instance, of Rua João Castro Osório, Praça Carlos Ramos, Rua Francisco. Mantero and Rua Humberto Madeira.[81][82]

In 2022 Lisbon Airport totaled 28.3 million passengers, the highest number ever recorded except for pre-pandemic years 2018-19. In the same year works were done to enlarge parking areas and creating the largest ultra-fast charging hub for electric cars in Portugal.[83] In the same year the new Innovation and design building (IDB Lisboa) opened in Olivais, giving the parish a new cultural hotspot woth coworking spaces, rooftop and magnificent vistas over the Tejo.[84][85][86][87]

Demographics

Historical resident population (before the 2012 Administrative Reform)

Historical population
YearPop.±%
196011,896—    
197055,216+364.2%
198161,941+12.2%
199151,367−17.1%
200146,410−9.7%
201151,036+10.0%
2011 (adj.)33,788−33.8%
202132,179−4.8%
Source: INE
Olivais' new boundaries after the 2012 administrative reform

The resident population recorded according to Censuses carried over the years is shown in the following table for Olivais. It is noteworthy that Olivais gained 50,045 people from 1960 to 1981. In little over 20 years, the parish population grew by +420.69%. The rapid demographic growth was due to the completion of the urbanization process involving Olivais Sul, Olivais Norte and Encarnação areas.

It is noteworthy noticing that the parish population decreased by 15,531 people from 1981 to 2001. This population loss is mainly attributable to shrinking family sizes and migration of young copules towards mnunicipalities in the outskirts of Lisbon, such as Odivelas, Amadora or Loures, whose population swelled between 1970 to 2001, due to continued emigration from within Lisbon.

Interestingly, the population recorded a growth between 2001 and 2011, although this is mainly due to the urbanisation of Parque das Nações following the 1998 Expo. This area doesn't constitute part of Olivais since 2012. In fact, adjusting the population of the parish recorded in the 2011 census to the new boundaries, it is highlighted how 33.8% of the parish's population inhabited areas that were transferred to other freguesias, although the overwhelming majority had their residence moved to the newly formed freguesia of Parque das Nações.

Taking into account the boundaries established in 2012, the parish population decreased by 4.8% between 2011 and 2021, losing 1,609 inhabitants.

Demographic statistics

  • Age

The last censuses show that the parish's population is ageing at a fast pace: in 2021 22.16% of the population was below 25 and, at the same time, well over a quarter (26.58%) of the residents was 65 or older.

Distribution of Population by Age Groups[88]
Year 0-14 Years 0-14 Years % 15-24 Years 15-24 Years % 25-64 Years 25-64 Years % > 65 Years > 65 Years %
2021 3,865 12.01% 3,266 10.15% 16,494 51.26% 8,554 26.58%
  • Religion

Religion in Olivais (Census 2021)[89]

  Catholicism (68.27%)
  Protestantism (2.66%)
  Jehovah's Witnesses and Other Christian (2.38%)
  Orthodoxy (0.57%)
  Islam (0.46%)
  Hinduism (1.20%)
  Buddhism (0.41%)
  Judaism (0.05%)
  Other religions (0.38%)
  No religion (23.63%)

The parish is predominantly catholic and 73.88% of the population aged 15 or above are followers of a Christian or Jeovah's Witness denomination as of 2021.

Interestingly, around 23.63% of the population doesn't practice a religion and is thus non religious.[90]

The presence of minor religions such as Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism (2.5% of the population amongst the three) is probably due to an increasing community of people coming from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh or Nepal.

  • Immigration

In 2021, 5.80% of the population of the parish was constituted by foreigners. In particular, amongst men foreigners were 6.13% of the total. This means that in Olivais there are 1,866 resident foreigners, a sharp increase from 2011, when there were 920 resident foreigners (2.72%). Since the foreign population increased by 946 people from 2011 to 2021 and given that the total population of the parish decreased by 1,609 units in the same timespan, it is noteworthy that the total population would have decreased even more weren't it for the increase in immigration.[91] The largest group of foreigners is constituted by nationals of PALOP countries (259 people or +46.33% since 2011) Brazilians (686 people or +93.79% since 2011) and people from the Indian Subcontinent, most notably Nepalis and Bangladeshis, totaling 247 people, or recording an increase of +696.77% since 2011.[92]

Dealing with the foreign-born population, 11.12% of the parish's population was born abroad as of 2021. The most common countries of birth were PALOP countries (1,145 people), Brazil (999 people) and the Indian Subcontinent (290 people).[93] Of the Portuguese nationals born abroad, the most common countries of birth were PALOP countries (929 people) and Brazil (310 people), all countries having ancient historical ties with Portugal as well as a rooted migration history towards the country, and who are, thus, more likely to have acquired Portuguese citizenship along the years.[94]

Moreover, as of 2021 in the parish there were 2,555 people who have entered Portugal after 2010, constituting 7.94% of the population. Of those with recent migrant background, 19.14% were Portuguese nationals returning from a period of emigration abroad.[95]

Amongst the Portuguese, 4,021 had already lived abroad as of 2021 (13.26% of the Portuguese population). The majority of those having lived in Angola and Mozambique (1,254 people) entered Portugal in the Seventies (685 people or 54.63%), following the independence of the two former colonies (so called retornados). Those coming from countries hosting large Portuguese emigrant communities such as France, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg or Belgium (887 people) have mostly entered Portugal after 1991 (67.19%), probably due to the development of the Portuguese economy since its accession to the EU. Interestingly, 43.00% of the Portuguese nationals having lived in the UK and residing in the parish, has left the UK after 2016, (date of the Brexit referendum).[96]

If the whole population (regardless of the nationality held) is taken into account, then 17.81% of the parish's population has already lived abroad for at least one year as of 2021, with PALOP countries, Brazil and EU countries being the most commonly cited countries of previous residence.[97]

Economy and Social conditions

Employement

In the parish of Olivais there are 1,423 residents who, as of 2021, were unemployed. Of these, 40.69% received a state-fund subsidy or pension (41.34% in Lisbon).[98] In 2021 the unemployment rate in the parish is considerably higher than the one recorded for Lisbon and for Portugal as a whole, standing at 9.80%. In the same year, Portugal as a whole had an unemployment rate of 8.13% that has progressively decreased to 6.1% in 2023. As the statistics dealing with unemployment at the parish level are available only every 10 years, the current (2023) unemployment rate in Olivais is unknown.[99][100] Amongst youth aged 15–24 the unemployment rate in 2021 in the parish stood at 25.98%, 39.08% higher than in the rest of the country.[101]

On the other hand, in 2021 13,097 residents were employed, of which 78.38% were employees and 18.94% were independent workers.[102] Below is the table showing the employment rate per age group. The low share of people aged 20–24 employed is due to the fact that many are still in education (e.g. university) while the low proportion of those in employment aged 60–64 is due to many being early pensioners.[103]

2021 Census data Age group
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
Share of people in employment 37.08% 72.77% 78.98% 80.82% 81.00% 77.86% 75.69% 68.25% 51.11%

Dealing with commuting, the residents of Olivais spent 23.12 minutes of daily commuting, 1 minute more than the average inhabitant of Lisbon.[104]

Companies with head offices in Santa Maria dos Olivais and Portela Airport include TAP Portugal and CTT Correios de Portugal, S.A.[105][106]

Social conditions

Dealing with overcrowding in the parish's households, 8.62% of the population lives in accommodations where they have less than 15 m2 per capita (8.71% for Lisbon and 5.65% in Portugal as a whole), while 35.99% live in houses with more than 40 m2 per capita (39.64% for Lisbon and 46.84% in Portugal as a whole).[107] There are 2,095.9 dwellings per km2 (3,200.5 for Lisbon and 64.9 in Portugal as a whole).[108]

70.0% of the population lives in owned dwellings as of 2021; this is significantly higher than the value recorded for Lisbon (50.3%) and in line with the one recorded for Portugal (70%).[109] The average height of a residential building in Olivais is 3.8 floors as of 2021[110] and the average area of a dwelling stands at 91.54 m2 (with the average in Lisbon-city 93.07 m2 being and in Portugal 112.45 m2).[111]

The average monthly rent value of leased dwellings recorded in 2021 stood at €365.86, 22.30% lower than the Lisbon average in the same year (€470.87).[112] It is nonetheless important to notice that the value of the rents is quite low because of many contracts stipulated decades ago, with 38.27% (25.34% in Lisbon) of the dwellers paying less than €150/month[113] because of the rent-freezing system that was adopted in Portugal in the late XX century, allowing that many people, now mostly elders, don't have to pay high rents.[114][115][116] Due to the housing crisis and inflation, in 2023 the average rent for new contracts (frozen contracts aren't concerned) stood in fact at €12-€13/m2 in Olivais, meaning that for the average 91.54 m2 dwelling are necessary around €1,144/month.[117][118][119][120][121][122][123]

Dealing with housing prices, it is interesting to remark that if the median price per m2 stood at €1,323 for a house sold in early 2016, this value had risen to €2,595/m2 in early 2021 and to €3,472/m2 in 2023, experiencing a growth of +162.43% in just 7 years. In the same period the growth of house priced per m2 in Lisbon as a whole was +117.6%, from €1,875/m2 to €4,080/m2.[124]

Of the 2,741 residential buildings listed in the parish, 1.42% were built before 1919, 32.25% from 1919 to 1960, 51.73% from 1961 to 1990, 8.21% from 1991 to 2000 and 6.38% after 2001. Of the buildings built before 1919 100% had 1 to 3 floors, while in buildings built between 1981 and 2010 the proportion of buildings with 6 stories or more is 25.69%. Interestingly, the newer and higher the building the higher the probability of it being served by an elevator. For homes built before 1946, only 0.49% have access to an elevator as of 2021; this percentage ascends to 30.78% for buildings dating from 1981 to 2010.[125] Always with regard to amenities, 17.42% of the houses had access to air conditioning (20.98% in Lisbon), 68.30% to heating (69.62% in Lisbon) and 18.45% to a parking place (28.04% in Lisbon).[126][127][128]

As of 2021 there were 1,755 vacant dwelling in the parish.[129] Of the vacant dwellings, 578 are vacant for rental or with the purpose of being sold, while 1,177 are vacant for other reasons, often abandoned, awaiting their demolition or because a reason for conflict among heirs.[130][131][132][133][134] Moreover, as of 2023 133 apartments are registered as "Alojamento Local", meaning they have the license to be rent on platforms such as Booking.com or Airbnb.[135][136]

In the parish were also recorded 8 homeless people, of which 8 (100%) were males.[137] The parish is thus actively promoting initiatives aiming at helping people in situation of permanent of temporal homelessness.

Landmarks

Modern Azulejos in Olivais
Olivais metro station
Quinta da fonte

Local landmarks include:

Waterfountain in Olivais
  • A Varina: 1965 statue by José Laranjeira Santo dedicated to varinas, women associated with selling fish and other fresh produce in the markets and streets of Lisbon. They carry baskets or buckets filled with fresh fish, seafood, and other delicacies, selling them to local residents. They are an iconic figure of Lisbon's culture, representing the authenticity and tradition of the city[138]
  • António Damásio High school: Built in 2011, it was distinguished with an Honorable Mention in the 2011 Valmor and Municipal Architecture Prize
  • Bartolomeu de Gusmão statue: Monument inaugurated in 1973[139]
  • Capela da Quinta da Fonte do Anjo
  • Casa da Fonte do Anjo
  • Casa da Quinta do Policarpo, also known as Bengazil Palace, was built on the initiative of the politician and entrepreneur Policarpo José Machado (1796-1875)[140]
  • Conjunto da Praça da Viscondessa dos Olivais
  • Dracaena draco L: Green monument[141]
  • Edifício da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária: Modern building dating from 1999 which received an Honorable Mention for the 1999 Valmor Prize[142]
  • Fernando Pessoa statue: Monument inaugurated in 1988[143]
  • Igreja Catolica Missionários da Consolata - Lisboa: Church of a Catholic organization operating in Portugal since 1944[144][145]
  • Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição Olivais Sul: Church built in 1988 in modernist style[146][147]
  • Igreja de São José dos Olivais: Church built in 1960[148][149]
  • João Ferreira do Amaral statue: Statue built in Macau in 1940, after the handover of Macau in 1999, it was decided it ought to be put in Olivais[150]
  • Lagunaria patersonii (Andrewes) G. Don: Green monument[151]
  • Lisbon Airport
  • Monumentos "As Oliveiras": Monument designed in 1989 by Samuel Azavey Torres de Carvalho, unveiled in 1990 on Cidade de Bissau Street, Olivais-Sul, by Lisbon City Council. Standing 5m tall, it depicts iron plates resembling olive trees, arranged in two vertical planes, allowing an iron tree to fit like a puzzle[152]
  • Movimento dos Capitães de Abril: The sculpture in Olivais Norte, Lisbon, commemorates the clandestine meeting of the April Captains Movement on February 5, 1974. Unveiled on February 5, 1999, it depicts military figures and carnations[153]
  • Museu ANA - Museu do ar: Small museum of 700 square meters that illustrates the history of the airport; it is also a "showroom" for the Museu do Ar in Alverca, more than 10 times bigger, and in Sintra.[154][155]
  • Palácio do Contador-Mor, a pedagogic farm
  • Quinta da Bica
  • Quinta da Fonte do Anjo: A noble residence in Pombaline style built in the second half of the 18th century.
  • Parque do Vale do Silêncio, designed by Manuel de Sousa da Câmara in 1950
  • Recriação statue: Monument inaugurated in 1989[156]
  • Rotunda do Relógio
  • Rua dos Eucaliptos Geomonument[157][158][159]
  • Statue of Saint Cristopher: Monument inaugurated in 1969[160]
  • Um olhar sobre a Cidade statue: Monument inaugurated in 2013[161]

Culture

Amongst many cultural associations found in the parish, it is important to remember that the Portuguese Poets associaiton has its headquarters in the parish of Olivais.[162][163][164]

It is also noteworthy that Olivais hosts a large Parque Agrícola (Agricultural Park).[165][166]

Since 2022, also, the Innovation and Design Building, a cultural space with coworking areas has been active in Olivais Sul.[167]

Notable people

IDB Lisbon – Innovation & Design Building Lisbon
View of Olivais
  • Francisco de Almada e Mendonça [pt] (1757-1804): Portuguese judge , magistrate and ombudsman for the district of Porto, responsible for important public works in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in the city of Porto and Póvoa de Varzim
  • José Aleixo Falcão de Gamboa Fragoso van Zeller [pt] (1762-1835): Portuguese agricultural businessman, military man, poet and Freemason of Dutch descent
  • Tomás José de Sousa Soares de Andrea [pt] (1777-1826): Portuguese soldier of Italian descent
  • Francisco José de Sousa Soares de Andrea [pt] (1781-1858): Portuguese - Brazilian soldier and politician of Italian descent
  • Maria Vicência Bressane Leite [pt] (1783-1868): One of the would-be brides of the Portuguese poet Bocage
  • José Maria de Sousa Soares de Andrea [pt] (1791-1856): Portuguese soldier of Italian descent
  • Bernardo José de Sousa Soares de Andrea [pt] (1795-1844): Portuguese colonial administrator of Italian descent
  • Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco [pt]: Portuguese colonial administrator
  • António Teófilo de Araújo [pt] (1804-1879): Portuguese nobleman
  • Martens Ferrão [pt] (1824-1895): Portuguese jurisconsult , magistrate and politician who negotiated the 1886 Concordate with the Holy See
  • João Pedroso [pt] (1825-1890): Portuguese painter, engraver and draftsman specialized in portraying ships. Works by him can be found in the Museu de Marinha and in the Palácio Nacional da Ajuda, as well as in private collections
  • José Pinto Leite [pt] (1836-1926): Portuguese nobleman
  • José Pinto Leite [pt] (1871-1956): Portuguese nobleman
  • Fiel da Fonseca Viterbo [pt] (1873-1954): Portuguese mathematician
  • José Joaquim de Almeida Borges [pt] (1910-2006): Portuguese magistrate who served as president of the Supreme Court of Justice
  • João Morais Leitão (1938-2006): Portuguese politician and lawyer
  • Simone de Oliveira (1938): Portuguese singer of n São Tomé and Príncipe and Belgian descent who represented her country twice at the Eurovision Song Contest
  • Zé Pedro (singer) [pt] (1956-2017): Portuguese composer, musician, guitarist and founder of the Portuguese rock band Xutos & Pontapés
  • Regula (rapper) [pt] (1983): Portuguese rapper
  • Hélder Tavares (1989): Portuguese footballer of Cape Verdean descent

Streets

With the entry into force of the Administrative Reorganization of Lisbon (Law no. 56/2012, of November 8), there was a transition of some streets to neighboring parishes, due to the detachment of the territory of the parish of Parque das Nations and adjustments to territorial limits with the parishes of Lumiar and Santa Clara.

The new parish of Olivais has 172 streets.[168] They are:

IDB Lisbon – Innovation & Design Building Lisbon
Streetview of Olivais
Modern azulejos in Olivais
IDB Lisbon – Innovation & Design Building Lisbon
Mural by Finok in Olivais
IDB Lisbon – Innovation & Design Building Lisbon
Streetview of Olivais
IDB Lisbon - Innovation & Design Building Lisbon
Soccer field in Olivais
IDB Lisbon – Innovation & Design Building Lisbon
  • Alameda da Encarnação
  • Alameda das Comunidades Portuguesas
  • Avenida Cidade de Lourenço Marques
  • Avenida Cidade de Luanda
  • Avenida Cidade do Porto
  • Avenida de Berlim
  • Avenida de Pádua
  • Avenida Doutor Alfredo Bensaúde
  • Avenida Dr. Francisco Luís Gomes
  • Avenida Eugénio de Andrade
  • Avenida Infante Dom Henrique
  • Avenida Marechal Craveiro Lopes]
  • Avenida Marechal Gomes da Costa
  • Avenida Santos e Castro
  • Azinhaga da Alagueza
  • Azinhaga da Quinta das Courelas
  • Azinhaga do Casquilho
  • Calçadinha dos Olivais
  • Circular Norte do Bairro da Encarnação
  • Circular Sul do Bairro da Encarnação
  • Estrada da Circunvalação de Lisboa
  • Jardim Eduardo Prado Coelho
  • Jardim Maria de Lourdes Sá Teixeira
  • Largo Américo Rosa Guimarães
  • Largo Castro Soromenho
  • Largo Jaime Carvalho
  • Largo Primeiro Tenente João Rodrigues de Moura
  • Parque do Vale do Silêncio
  • Parque Edgar Sampaio Fontes
  • Percurso Manuel de Sousa da Câmara
  • Praça Álvaro Ponce Dentinho
  • Praça Baden Powell
  • Praça Carlos Ramos
  • Praça Cidade de Dili
  • Praça Cidade de Salazar
  • Praça Cidade de São Salvador
  • Praça Cidade do Luso
  • Praça Cottinelli Telmo
  • Praça da Viscondessa dos Olivais
  • Praça das Casas Novas
  • Praça de Bilene
  • Praça de Chinde
  • Praça do Aeroporto
  • Praça do Norte
  • Praça Faria da Costa
  • Praça José Queirós
  • Praça Mota Veiga
  • Rotunda Matilde Bensaúde
  • Rua Acúrsio Pereira
  • Rua Alberto MacBride
  • Rua Alferes Barrilaro Ruas
  • Rua Alferes Carvalho Pereira
  • Rua Alferes Mota da Costa
  • Rua Alferes Santos Sasso
  • Rua Alfredo Franco
  • Rua Almada Negreiros
  • Rua Alves Gouveia
  • Rua Américo de Jesus Fernandes
  • Rua Cândido de Oliveira
  • Rua Capitão Santiago de Carvalho
  • Rua Capitão Tenente Oliveira e Carmo
  • Rua Carlos George
  • Rua Catorze (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Cidade da Beira
  • Rua Cidade da Praia
  • Rua Cidade de Bafatá
  • Rua Cidade de Benguela
  • Rua Cidade de Bissau
  • Rua Cidade de Bolama
  • Rua Cidade de Cabinda
  • Rua Cidade de Carmona
  • Rua Cidade de Gabela
  • Rua Cidade de Inhambane
  • Rua Cidade de João Belo
  • Rua Cidade de Lobito
  • Rua Cidade de Malanje
  • Rua Cidade de Margão
  • Rua Cidade de Moçâmedes
  • Rua Cidade de Nampula
  • Rua Cidade de Nova Lisboa
  • Rua Cidade de Novo Redondo
  • Rua Cidade de Porto Alexandre
  • Rua Cidade de Porto Amélia
  • Rua Cidade de Quelimane
  • Rua Cidade de Tete
  • Rua Cidade de Vila Cabral
  • Rua Cidade do Negage
  • Rua Cinco (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Contra-Almirante Armando Ferraz
  • Rua Costa Malheiro
  • Rua da Portela
  • Rua da Quinta da Fonte
  • Rua da Quinta de Santa Maria
  • Rua da Quinta do Morgado
  • Rua da Vila Pery
  • Rua das Courelas
  • Rua das Escolas
  • Rua de Baixo Limpopo
  • Rua de Chibuto
  • Rua de Macia
  • Rua de Manhiça
  • Rua de Manica
  • Rua de Manjacaze
  • Rua de Marracuene
  • Rua de Matola
  • Rua de Mocímboa da Praia
  • Rua de Montepuez
  • Rua de Vila Alferes Chamusca
  • Rua de Vila Fontes
  • Rua de Vila Sena
  • Rua Dez (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Dezanove (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Dezasseis (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Dezassete (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Dezoito (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua do Conselheiro Mariano de Carvalho
  • Rua do Conselheiro Teles de Vasconcelos
  • Rua do Dondo
  • Rua do Ibo
  • Rua do Mercado
  • Rua do Poço Coberto
  • Rua Dois (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Dom Aleixo Corte-Real
  • Rua dos Eucaliptos
  • Rua dos Lojistas
  • Rua Doze (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Dr. Costa Sacadura
  • Rua Dr. José Saraiva
  • Rua Eurico da Fonseca
  • Rua Francisco Mantero
  • Rua Furriel Galrão Nogueira
  • Rua Furriel João Nunes Redondo
  • Rua General Silva Freire
  • Rua Humberto Madeira
  • Rua João Cunha Serra
  • Rua João de Castro Osório
  • Rua Major Figueiredo Rodrigues
  • Rua Mamadu Sissé
  • Rua Nove (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Oito (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Onze (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Padre Joaquim Aguiar
  • Rua Quatro (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Quinze (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Sargento Armando Monteiro Ferreira
  • Rua Sargento José Paulo dos Santos
  • Rua Seis (Bairro da Ecarnanção)
  • Rua Sete (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Três (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Treze (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Um (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vice Almirante Augusto de Castro Guedes
  • Rua Vila da Fulacunda
  • Rua Vila de Bissorã
  • Rua Vila de Bubaque
  • Rua Vila de Catió
  • Rua Vila de Farim
  • Rua Vila de Teixeira Pinto
  • Rua Vinte (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vinte e Cinco (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vinte e Dois (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vinte e Nove (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vinte e Oito (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vinte e Quatro (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vinte e Seis (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vinte e Sete (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vinte e Três (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua Vinte e Um (Bairro da Encarnação)
  • Rua 1º Cabo José Martins Silvestre
  • Travessa das Courelas
  • Travessa do Adro
  • Travessa dos Buracos

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  2. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal
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