Valley County, Idaho

Valley County
County
Bighorn Ram, Recycled Barbed Wire Sculpture in Cascade, Idaho
Bighorn Ram, Recycled Barbed Wire Sculpture in Cascade, Idaho
Official seal of Valley County
Seal
Map of Idaho highlighting Valley County
Location within the U.S. state of Idaho
Map of the United States highlighting Idaho
Idaho's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 44°44′N 115°34′W / 44.74°N 115.56°W / 44.74; -115.56
Country United States
State Idaho
FoundedFebruary 26, 1917
Named forThe Long Valley of the North Fork of the Payette River
SeatCascade
Largest cityMcCall
Area
 • Total3,733 sq mi (9,670 km2)
 • Land3,665 sq mi (9,490 km2)
 • Water68 sq mi (180 km2)  1.8%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total11,746 Increase
 • Density3.1/sq mi (1.2/km2)
Time zoneUTC−7 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−6 (MDT)
Congressional district1st
Websiteco.valley.id.us

Valley County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,746.[1] The county seat is Cascade,[2] and the largest city is McCall. Established in 1917, it was named after the Long Valley of the North Fork of the Payette River, which extends over 30 miles (50 km) from Payette Lake at McCall south to Cascade to Round Valley. The valley was formerly a summer pasture for livestock from the Boise Valley. Since the completion of the Cascade Dam in 1948, much of the northern valley has been covered by the Cascade Reservoir.

Valley County is home to the Idaho ground squirrel.

History

Packer John Welch, who had contracted to freight supplies to miners of Idaho City, established a camp on Gold Fork Creek and a brush cabin on Clear Creek in the 1860s.[3] He also established a station near what later became the town of Cascade.

During the 1870s, prospectors and miners started searching for gold. The Clara Foltz mines opened on Paddy Flat, and other diggings commenced on Boulder and Gold Fork Creeks. In the late 1870s, the last of the Sheepeater Tribe was removed from Long Valley and Round Valley to a reservation. As the gold sources dwindled, a few of the miners took up squatter's rights. James Horner built a cabin on Clear Creek in 1881, other miners settled on the Payette River.

Also in 1888, the first post offices in Valley County were opened at VanWyck, another one opened at Lardo in 1889. That same year Louis McCall and other settlers took squatter's rights on Payette Lake. Their homesteads were the nucleus of what would later become the town of McCall.[3] A freight stop was established at Lardo to service the increased mining activity at Warren Meadows.

The 1890 census stated 538 people resided in the VanWyck precinct, and 110 resided in the Alpha precinct. Land survey maps drawn in the 1890s show four schools. The maps also point out sawmills at Warner's Pond and on Gold Fork Creek. A small reservoir near VanWyck can also be seen on them. The 1890s were a period of strife for the new settlers.[3] Ranchers from south of Long Valley annually brought their large herds of cattle to graze in Long Valley. The homesteaders resented the intrusion and retaliated on several occasions by slaughtering the outsiders' cattle.

Gold was first discovered in the Thunder Mountain area in 1893, W.H. Dewey began mining on a large scale in 1902. As many as 3,000 miners swarmed into the region.

From the 1910s onwards, logging became, along with farming and ranching, the economic mainstay of Long Valley. Towns distant from the railroad, such as Alpha, Crawford and Roseberry, soon lost their vitality and died. Towns near the railroad, such as Cascade, Donnelly and McCall, thrived and became the population centers of Valley County.

The Stibnite Mining District, located near Yellow Pine, was critical to the country's war effort during World War II.[4]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 3,733 square miles (9,670 km2), of which 3,665 square miles (9,490 km2) is land and 68 square miles (180 km2) (1.8%) is water.[5] It is the fifth-largest county in Idaho by area.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Transportation

Cascade Dam & reservoir

Highways

  • SH-55 - Payette River Scenic Byway

The county's primary highway is the north–south State Highway 55, the Payette River Scenic Byway, a designated national scenic byway. It heads north from Eagle in Ada County to Horseshoe Bend in Boise County, and climbs the whitewater of the Payette River to Cascade and McCall. The route turns west at Payette Lake in McCall and ends at New Meadows in Adams County, at the junction with US-95.[6]

Airports

The county has public-use airports owned by the state, by the U.S. Forest Service, and by local municipalities.[7]

Government and politics

Valley County has long been a Republican stronghold, though it currently gives Democrats larger vote shares than most of Idaho. In 2004, George Bush defeated John Kerry by a 21-point margin (59-38%), whilst in 2008, Valley County was much more competitive than in previous elections, as John McCain defeated Barack Obama by only 7 points (52-45%). Democratic strength is entirely centered around the tourist town of McCall and the surrounding area around the Payette Lake, while the rest of the county remains strongly Republican.[8]

United States presidential election results for Valley County, Idaho[9]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 3,947 55.88% 2,976 42.14% 140 1.98%
2016 2,906 54.33% 1,913 35.76% 530 9.91%
2012 2,664 54.16% 2,095 42.59% 160 3.25%
2008 2,772 52.33% 2,405 45.40% 120 2.27%
2004 2,863 59.97% 1,843 38.60% 68 1.42%
2000 2,548 64.05% 1,129 28.38% 301 7.57%
1996 2,089 48.83% 1,564 36.56% 625 14.61%
1992 1,548 37.27% 1,259 30.32% 1,346 32.41%
1988 1,897 59.37% 1,251 39.15% 47 1.47%
1984 2,299 69.96% 945 28.76% 42 1.28%
1980 2,041 62.38% 926 28.30% 305 9.32%
1976 1,374 59.33% 897 38.73% 45 1.94%
1972 1,324 61.55% 537 24.97% 290 13.48%
1968 1,160 57.94% 534 26.67% 308 15.38%
1964 980 46.53% 1,126 53.47% 0 0.00%
1960 1,179 56.28% 916 43.72% 0 0.00%
1956 1,285 71.55% 511 28.45% 0 0.00%
1952 1,456 72.51% 552 27.49% 0 0.00%
1948 939 51.00% 828 44.98% 74 4.02%
1944 919 50.52% 896 49.26% 4 0.22%
1940 761 39.17% 1,165 59.96% 17 0.87%
1936 575 29.04% 1,260 63.64% 145 7.32%
1932 443 30.43% 921 63.26% 92 6.32%
1928 774 64.77% 407 34.06% 14 1.17%
1924 486 40.57% 214 17.86% 498 41.57%
1920 493 60.49% 322 39.51% 0 0.00%

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19202,524—
19303,48838.2%
19404,03515.7%
19504,2705.8%
19603,663−14.2%
19703,609−1.5%
19805,60455.3%
19906,1099.0%
20007,65125.2%
20109,86228.9%
202011,74619.1%
2023 (est.)12,644[10]7.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]
1790–1960,[12] 1900–1990,[13]
1990–2000,[14] 2010–2020[15] 2020[1]

2000 census

As of the census[16] of 2000, there were 7,651 people, 3,208 households, and 2,252 families living in the county. The population density was 2 people per square mile (0.77 people/km2). There were 8,084 housing units at an average density of 2 units per square mile (0.77 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.43% White, 0.69% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.04% Black or African American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.10% from other races, and 1.40% from two or more races. 1.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.1% were of German, 16.4% English, 11.3% American and 10.1% Irish ancestry.

There were 3208 households, out of which 28.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.90% were married couples living together, 5.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.80% were non-families. 24.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.70% under the age of 18, 4.40% from 18 to 24, 24.90% from 25 to 44, 32.20% from 45 to 64, and 14.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 105.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,927, and the median income for a family was $42,283. Males had a median income of $31,113 versus $21,777 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,246. About 6.20% of families and 9.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.10% of those under age 18 and 5.60% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 9,862 people, 4,393 households, and 2,870 families living in the county.[17] The population density was 2.7 inhabitants per square mile (1.0/km2). There were 11,789 housing units at an average density of 3.2 units per square mile (1.2 units/km2).[18] The racial makeup of the county was 95.8% white, 0.7% American Indian, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% black or African American, 1.6% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.9% of the population.[17] In terms of ancestry, 33.9% were German, 19.3% were English, 12.8% were Irish, 7.6% were American, and 5.5% were Scottish.[19]

Of the 4,393 households, 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.7% were non-families, and 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.71. The median age was 46.9 years.[17]

The median income for a household in the county was $50,851 and the median income for a family was $59,737. Males had a median income of $40,917 versus $35,876 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,577. About 11.5% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.0% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.[20]

Communities

View from the top of West Mountain at Tamarack Resort, overlooking Lake Cascade to the east

Cities

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

  • Big Creek
  • Lake Fork
  • Roseberry
  • Warm Lake

Ski areas

Education

School districts include:[21]

  • Cascade School District 422
  • McCall-Donnelly Joint School District 421

Residents are in the area (but not the taxation zone) for College of Western Idaho.[22]

See also

References

Payette Lake at McCall
  1. ^ a b "2020 Census Data". data.census.gov.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c History of Valley County, Valley County Idaho official website
  4. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form: Stibnite Historic District" (PDF). idaho.gov. 1987. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
  5. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  6. ^ Idaho Byways - Payette River Scenic Byway Archived December 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine - accessed May 18, 2009
  7. ^ Public and Private Airports, Valley County, Idaho
  8. ^ "DRA 2020". Daves Redistricting. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  9. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  10. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  11. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  12. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  13. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  14. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  15. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  16. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  17. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  18. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  19. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  20. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  21. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Valley County, ID" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 12, 2024. - Text list
  22. ^ "College of Western Idaho, pg. 1-77" (PDF). Idaho Legislature. January 26, 2022. Retrieved March 12, 2024. - See the map. Also see area 3 in: "TITLE 33 EDUCATION CHAPTER 21 JUNIOR COLLEGES". Idaho Legislature. Retrieved March 12, 2024.

External links

44°44′N 115°34′W / 44.74°N 115.56°W / 44.74; -115.56