Alice walker

Alice walker
Murya
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Alice Malsenior Walker
Haihuwa Eatonton (en) Fassara, 9 ga Faburairu, 1944 (80 shekaru)
ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Ƙabila Afirkawan Amurka
Harshen uwa Turanci
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Melvyn R. Leventhal (en) Fassara  (1967 -  1976)
Ma'aurata Robert L. Allen (en) Fassara
Yara
Ƴan uwa
Karatu
Makaranta Sarah Lawrence College (en) Fassara 1965) Bachelor of Arts (en) Fassara
Russell Sage College (en) Fassara Doctor of Philosophy (en) Fassara
Spelman College (en) Fassara
(1961 -
Harsuna Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a marubuci, maiwaƙe, Marubuci, essayist (en) Fassara, university teacher (en) Fassara, civil rights advocate (en) Fassara, mai karantarwa, short story writer (en) Fassara, Marubiyar yara, marubin wasannin kwaykwayo, jarumi, mai tsara fim da Malamin yanayi
Employers Wellesley College (en) Fassara
Muhimman ayyuka The Color Purple (en) Fassara
The Third Life of Grange Copeland (en) Fassara
Meridian (en) Fassara
The Temple of My Familiar (en) Fassara
Possessing the Secret of Joy (en) Fassara
Kyaututtuka
Ayyanawa daga
Mamba Alpha Kappa Alpha (en) Fassara
American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) Fassara
IMDb nm0907504
alicewalkersgarden.com
Hoton alice walker

Alice Malsenior Tallulah-Kate Walker (an Haife ta Fabrairu 9, 1944) [1] marubuciya ce Ba’amurke, marubuci ɗan gajeriyar labari, mawaƙi, kuma mai fafutukar zamantakewa. A cikin 1982, ta zama mace Ba-Amurke ta farko da ta ci lambar yabo ta Pulitzer don Fiction, wanda aka ba ta don littafinta mai launi mai launi.[2] [3] A tsawon lokacin aikinta, Walker ta buga litattafai goma sha bakwai da tarin gajerun labarai, ayyukan da ba na almara guda goma sha biyu, da tarin kasidu da wakoki.da tarin kasidu da wakoki.

Walker, wanda aka haife shi a yankunan karkarar Jojiya, ya shawo kan kalubale kamar raunin yara da rarrabuwa don zama mai fafutuka kuma daga ƙarshe ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Sarah Lawrence. Ta fara aikin rubuce-rubucenta da littafinta na farko na waƙa, Sau ɗaya, kuma daga baya ta rubuta litattafai, gami da sanannun aikinta, The Color Purple. A matsayinsa na mai fafutuka, Walker ya shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Bil'adama, ya ba da shawarar mata masu launi ta hanyar kalmar "mace," kuma ya shiga cikin shawarwarin dabba da kwanciyar hankali. Bugu da kari, ta dauki matsaya mai karfi kan rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu, tare da goyon bayan yakin kaurace wa Isra'ila, da karkatar da takunkumi, da kuma takunkumi,Walker ta fuskanci tuhume-tuhume da yawa na kyamar Yahudawa saboda yabon da ta yi wa masanin makircin Burtaniya David Icke da ayyukansa, wadanda ke dauke da ka'idojin makirci na kyamar Yahudawa, tare da sukar rubuce-rubucen nata,

Rayuwar farko

Alice Malsenior Walker an haife shi ne a Eatonton, Jojiya, garin noma na karkara, ga Willie Lee Walker da Minnie Tallulah Grant.[4] [5] Duk iyayen Walker duka ƴan kasuwa ne, ko da yake mahaifiyarta ita ma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗinki don samun ƙarin kuɗi. Walker, ƙaramar cikin yara takwas, an fara shiga makaranta lokacin tana ɗan shekara huɗu a Gabashin Putnam Consolidated.[6] [7]

Tun tana ‘yar shekara takwas, Walker ta samu rauni a idonta na dama bayan daya daga cikin ‘yan’uwanta ya harba bindigar BB.[7] Tun da danginta ba su da hanyar shiga mota, Walker ba zai iya samun kulawar gaggawa ba, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama makauniya ta dindindin a wannan idon. Bayan raunin idonta ne Walker ya fara karatu da rubutu[8] . An cire tabo lokacin da Walker yana da shekaru 14, amma har yanzu alamar ta kasance. An siffanta shi a cikin maqalarta mai suna “Beauty: Lokacin da sauran Rawa ita ce Kai”[8][9]

Yayin da aka keɓe makarantu a Eatonton, Walker ya halarci makarantar sakandare ɗaya tilo ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata: Makarantar Sakandare ta Butler Baker.[10]A nan, ta ci gaba da zama ƙwararren malami, kuma ta yi rajista a Kwalejin Spelman a 1961 bayan da jihar Jojiya ta ba ta cikakken guraben karatu don samun manyan nasarorin ilimi na ajin ta.[11] Ta sami biyu daga cikin furofesoshi, Howard Zinn da Staughton Lynd, don zama manyan mashawarta a lokacinta a Spelman, amma an canza su duka shekaru biyu bayan haka.[12]

Sana'ar rubutu

Walker ya sanya hannu a kan autographs a Florida a cikin 1990 Walker ta rubuta wakokin da za su ƙare a littafinta na farko na waƙa, mai suna Sau ɗaya, yayin da take daliba a gabashin Afirka da kuma lokacin babbar shekararta a Kwalejin Sarah Lawrence.[13] Walker za ta zame waƙar ta a ƙarƙashin ƙofar ofishin farfesa kuma mai ba da shawara, Muriel Rukeyser, lokacin da take ɗalibi a Sarah Lawrence. Sai Rukeyser ta nuna wa wakilinta na adabi. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich ya buga sau ɗaya bayan shekaru huɗu.[14] [15] Bayan kammala karatun, Walker ya ɗan yi aiki a Sashen Jin Dadin Jama'a na Birnin New York, kafin ya koma Kudu. Ta ɗauki aikin aiki don Asusun Tsaro na Shari'a na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci gaban Mutane masu launi a Jackson, Mississippi.[16] Walker ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a tarihin Baƙar fata ga Abokan Yara na Mississippi Head Start shirin. Daga baya ta koma rubuce-rubuce a matsayin marubuci-in-gida a Jami'ar Jihar Jackson (1968-69) da Kwalejin Tougaloo (1970-71). Baya ga aikinta a Kwalejin Tougaloo, Walker ta buga littafinta na farko, The Third Life of Grange Copeland, a cikin 1970. Littafin ya bincika rayuwar Grange Copeland, mai cin zarafi, mai rabon gado, miji da uba.

Ayyukan aiki

Walker (hagu) da Gloria Steinem akan murfin Ms. Fall 2009 Hakkokin jama'a Walker ya sadu da Martin Luther King Jr. lokacin tana daliba a Kwalejin Spelman a farkon shekarun 1960. Ta yaba wa Sarki saboda shawarar da ta yanke na komawa Kudancin Amurka a matsayin mai fafutuka a Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil'adama. Ta shiga cikin Maris 1963 a Washington tare da dubban daruruwan mutane. Daga baya, ta ba da kai don yin rajistar masu jefa ƙuri'a na Baƙar fata a Georgia da Mississippi.[17] [18]

Yan'mata

Takamaiman alamar Walker na mata sun haɗa da bayar da shawarwari a madadin mata masu launi. A cikin 1983, Walker ya ƙirƙira kalmar mace a cikin tarinta A cikin Neman lambunan Uwayenmu, don nufin "Baƙar fata ko mace mai launi". Kalmar an yi ta ne don haɗa kan mata masu launi da ƙungiyoyin mata a “matsayin kabilanci, aji, da zalunci”[19] . Walker ya bayyana cewa "'Mace' tana ba mu kalma ta kanmu"[20]

Koyarwa da 'Yancin Mata

Baya ga gwagwarmayar yancin ɗan adam, Walker sau da yawa yana ilimantar da wasu game da ƙungiyar mata ta Baƙar fata ta hanyar koyarwarta a manyan makarantun ilimi daban-daban. A cikin kaka na 1972, Walker ya koyar da kwas a cikin Marubutan Mata Baƙaƙe a Jami'ar Massachusetts Boston.[21] da Wellesley College a 1973. Bugu da ƙari, a wannan shekarar, ta kuma buga firamare tarin gajerun labarai A cikin Soyayya da Matsala: Labarun Mata Baƙar fata, da kuma Petunias Revolutionary da sauran Waƙoƙi waɗanda suka zama juzu'i na biyu na waƙar ta. [22]

Manazarta

Preview of references

  1. ↑ Rose, Mike (February 9, 2023). "Today's famous birthdays list for February 9, 2023 includes celebrities Michael B. Jordan, Tom Hiddleston". Cleveland.com. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  2. ↑ National Book Awards – 1983". National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 15, 2012. (With essays by Anna Clark and Tarayi Jones from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog
  3. ↑ The 1983 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Fiction". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  4. ↑ Bates, Gerri (2005). Alice Walker: A Critical Companion. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313069093. OCLC 62321382.
  5. ↑ Moore, Geneva Cobb, and Andrew Billingsley. Maternal Metaphors of Power in African American Women's Literature: From Phillis Wheatley to Toni Morrison. University of South Carolina Press, 2017, OCLC 974947406.
  6. ↑ Bates, Gerri (2005). Alice Walker: A Critical Companion. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313069093. OCLC 62321382.
  7. ↑ The Officers of the Alice Walker Literary Society. "About Alice Walker". Alice Walker Literary Society. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  8. ↑ Bates, Gerri (2005). Alice Walker: A Critical Companion. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313069093. OCLC 62321382.
  9. ↑ The Officers of the Alice Walker Literary Society. "About Alice Walker". Alice Walker Literary Society. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  10. ↑ The Officers of the Alice Walker Literary Society. "About Alice Walker". Alice Walker Literary Society. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  11. ↑ Bates, Gerri (2005). Alice Walker: A Critical Companion. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313069093. OCLC 62321382.
  12. ↑ The Officers of the Alice Walker Literary Society. "About Alice Walker". Alice Walker Literary Society. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Once (1968)". Alice Walker The Official Website for the American Novelist & Poet. September 28, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Muriel Rukeyser was 21 when he ..." The Washington Post. September 16, 2001. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  15. ↑ World Authors 1995–2000, 2003. Biography Reference Bank database. Retrieved April 10, 2009
  16. ↑ The Officers of the Alice Walker Literary Society. "About Alice Walker". Alice Walker Literary Society. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  17. ↑ Walker Interview transcript and audio file on "Inner Light in A time of darkness", Democracy Now!, November 17, 2006. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
  18. ↑ Pulitzer-Winning Writer Alice Walker & Civil Rights Leader Bob Moses Reflect on an Obama Presidency", Democracy Now! video on the African-American vote, January 20, 2009. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
  19. ↑ Deeper shades of purple : womanism in religion and society. Floyd-Thomas, Stacey M., 1969–. New York: New York University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0814727522. OCLC 64688636.
  20. ↑ Wilma Mankiller and others, "Womanism". The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History. December 1, 1998. SIRS Issue Researcher. Indian Hills Library, Oakland, NJ. January 9, 2013,
  21. ↑ Voices of Feminism Oral History Project". Barbara Smith interviewed by Loretta L. Ross, May 7–8, 2003, p. 50. Retrieved July 19, 2017
  22. ↑ Farell, Susan (2007). "Fight Vs. Flight: A Re-Evaluation of Dee in Alice Walker's "Everyday Use"". Studies in Short Fiction. 35 (2). Gale: 179–186