Mutanen Yalunka

Mutanen Yalunka

Yalunka, ko Dialonké, mutane ne masu magana da Mandé kuma ainihin mazaunan Futa Jallon (Faransanci: Fouta Djallon), yanki mai tsaunuka a Guinea, Afirka ta Yamma.[1] Mutanen Yalunka suna zama ne a Guinea musamman a Faranah, yayin da ake samun ƙananan al'ummomi a Kouroussa. Ƙarin wasu Yalunka kuma suna a arewa maso gabashin Sierra Leone, kudu maso gabashin Senegal, da kudu maso yammacin Mali.[2]

Yalunka reshe ne na mutanen Mandé kuma suna da alaƙa da mutanen Susu.[3][4] Wasu malaman sun sanya su biyun a matsayin kungiya daya, Yalunka sun yi fice saboda sun musulunta da farko, amma sai suka yi watsi da Musulunci gaba daya a lokacin da Musulmi Fulani suka fara mamaye yankinsu. A cikin karni na sha takwas, yawancin Yalunka sun rabu da Futa Jallon.[5][6] Yalunka sun yi yaki da jihadin Fula, sun bar Futa Jallon, sun yi hijira zuwa kudu zuwa gindin tsaunukan Mamou ko gabas don zama a cikin mutanen Mandinka na Upper Guinea, wasu sun yi hijira tare da kafa sababbin garuruwa irin su Falaba kusa da yankin da kogin Rokel ya fara, yayin da sauran Yalunka suka kara gaba zuwa cikin tsaunuka don zama a tsakanin mutanen Kuranko, Limba da Kissi. A tsakiya Almamy Samori Toure ne ya farmaki wasu a lokacin fadada Daular Wassoulou. Daga qarshe Imaman Futa Jallon sun rage tasiri gami da lakume Yalunka[7][8]

Suna jin yaren Yalunka, wanda ke cikin reshen Mande na dangin harshen Nijar-Congo. Yalunka da harshen Susu masu amfani dasu suna fahimtar ko wanne.

Tarihi

Mutanen Yalunka sun samo asali ne daga tsaunin Koulikoro da ke gefen kwarin kogin Neja.[9] Dangane da al'adar baka ta Susu, suna Gane Yalunka tare da Daular Sosso ta Soumaoro Kanté ta tsakiya. Bayanai na farko sun nuna cewa a kusan karni na sha ɗaya, mutanen Yalunka sun isa yankin tuddai na Futa Jallon a ƙasar Guinea, tun bayan wargajewar daular Sosso. Mutanen Yalunka sun kasance masu kishin noma kuma a cikin mutanen farko da suka fara zama a Jallonkadu, sunan da a baya ya zama Futa Jallon. Da farko Yalunka sun karbi Musulunci. Bayan karni na goma sha bakwai, tsarin tsarin mulkin Musulunci da 'yan Fula suka goyi bayan ya fara lokacin mamaye Fula da tsarin Musulunci a yankin da Yalunka ya saba mamayewa. Mutanen Yalunka, tare da mutanen Susu, sai suka bar Musulunci. Al'ummar Fula da shugabanninsu irinsu Karamokho Alfa da Ibrahima Sori sun kaddamar da jerin hare-haren jihadin da aka kai wa Yalunka a karni na sha takwas. An yi galaba a kan Yalunka, aka yi galaba a kan su, kuma suka koma Musulunci a shekara ta 1778. Jihadi sun ba da gudummawa sosai wajen samar da kasar Solima Yalunka a Guinea da iyakar Saliyo a arewa maso gabas a karni na sha tara. A lokacin da Yalunka ya zama kango, Almamy Samori Touré ya hada kai da Fulani, Faransanci, da abokan Toucouleur, a kan mutanen Yalunka, a cikin haka ne Samori Touré ya kai hari kan Yalunka.[10][11][12]

Sunayen Kabila

Ana kiran mutanen Yalunka da Jalonca, Jalonga, Jalonka, Jalooke, Jalonke, Jalunka, Jalunke, Jellonke, Yalanka, Yalonga, Yalounka, Yalunga, Yalonka, Yalonke, Yalunke, Dilanké, Dialinké, Dialonka, Dialonque, Djallonké, Djallonka, Djallounké , Djallounka, Dyalonké, Dyalonka, ko Dialonké.[13][14][15]

Ma'anar kalmar Dialonké," a zahiri tana nufin 'mazaunan tsaunuka.' Jallon wanda ke nufin 'tsauni' a yaren Yalunka wanda sunan Futa ne kawai ke dauke da shi a wannan zamani tun daga arewa maso gabashin Siguiri zuwa babban dutsen Futa. Jallon suna ne da ke nuna halin girman kai, sabanin marubuta irin su André Arcin da yyi ikirarin,an samo shi daga sunan mahaifi Diallo na Fulani [16][17].

Manazarta

Preview of references

  1. ↑ Bankole Kamara Taylor (2014). Sierra Leone: The Land, Its People and History. New Africa Pres. p. 150. ISBN 978-9987-16-038-9.
  2. ↑ Harold D. Nelson (1975). Area Handbook for Guinea. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 67.
  3. ↑ David Wheat (2016). Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, 1570-1640. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-1-4696-2380-1.
  4. ↑ "Royal Gazette and Sierra Leone Advertiser", 24 April 1821, p 2. By Abraham Hazeley
  5. ↑ Kevin Shillington (2013). Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set. Routledge. p. 537. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2.
  6. ↑ S.J. Shennan, ed. (2003). Archaeological Approaches to Cultural Identity. Taylor & Francis. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-1348-6629-8.
  7. ↑ Kevin Shillington (2013). Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set. Routledge. p. 537. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2.
  8. ↑ Harold D. Nelson (1975). Area Handbook for Guinea. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 67.
  9. ↑ Ofosuwa Abiola (2018). History Dances: Chronicling the History of Traditional Mandinka Dance. Routledge, 2018. ISBN 978-0-4297-6784-5.
  10. ↑ Diagram Group (2013). Encyclopedia of African Peoples. Routledge. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-135-96334-7.
  11. ↑ Mohamed Saidou N'Daou (2005). Sangalan Oral Traditions: History, Memories, and Social Differentiation. Carolina Academic Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-59-460104-0.
  12. ↑ Nehemia Levtzion (1973). Ancient Ghana and Mali. Mathuen. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-84-190431-6.
  13. ↑ David Wheat (2016). Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, 1570-1640. University of North Carolina Press. pp. xviii, 48. ISBN 978-1-4696-2380-1.
  14. ↑ David Henige (1994). History in Africa, Volume 21. African Studies Association. p. 21.
  15. ↑ W. Besser (1841). Yearbooks for Scientific Criticism, Volume 1841. New York Public Library. p. 695.
  16. ↑ Mohamed Saidou N'Daou (2005). Sangalan Oral Traditions: History, Memories, and Social Differentiation. Carolina Academic Press. pp. 7, 31. ISBN 978-1-59-460104-0.
  17. ↑ C. Magbaily Fyle (1979). The Solima Yalunka Kingdom: Pre-colonial Politics, Economics & Society. Nyakon Publishers. p. 6.