Vigdis Finnbogadottir

Vigdis Finnbogadottir
4. President of Iceland (en) Fassara

1 ga Augusta, 1980 - 31 ga Yuli, 1996
← Kristján Eldjárn (mul) Fassara - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (mul) Fassara →
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Reykjavík (mul) Fassara, 15 ga Afirilu, 1930 (94 shekaru)
ƙasa Iceland
Karatu
Makaranta Faculty of Arts of Paris (en) Fassara
University of Iceland (en) Fassara
Københavns Universitet (mul) Fassara
Joseph Fourier University (en) Fassara
Harsuna Icelandic (en) Fassara
Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a ɗan siyasa
Employers Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
Kyaututtuka
Imani
Jam'iyar siyasa Independence Party (en) Fassara

Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (Icelandic: [ˈvɪɣtis ˈfɪnpɔɣaˌtouʰtɪr̥] ⓘ; an haife ta 15 Afrilu 1930)'yar siyasan Iceland ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba na huɗu na Iceland daga 1980 zuwa 1996. Vigdís shine shugaba na farko a duniya.  [1] Bayan hidima  A matsayin shugabar kasar Iceland na tsawon shekaru 16, ita ce shugabar kasa mace mafi dadewa da aka zaba a tarihi[2].  Ita ce shugabar mata ta fa[3]rko a tarihin Iceland, yayin da shugabar kasar mai ci Halla Tómasdóttir ta biye mata a matsayin shugabar mata ta biyu.  Vigdís Jakadi ne na alheri na UNESCO kuma memba na Club of Madrid.

Farkon Rayuwa[4] da Aiki

An haifi Vigdís a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 1930 a Reykjavík.Mahaifinta injiniyan farar hula ne, mahaifiyarta ma'aik[5]aciyar jinya ce wacce ke jagorantar ƙungiyar m[6]a'aikatan jinya ta ƙasa.  bai tsira ba har ya girma, kamar yadda ya nutse a Hreɗavatn.  Vigdís ya yi rajista a Jami'ar Grenoble a cikin 1949, daga baya ya canza zuwa Sorbonne.[7]  Ta yi karatun wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da Faransanci, inda ta ba da fifiko na musamman ga wasan kwaikwayo,[8]:  41  kuma ta sauke karatu a 1953.[9]

An yi auren Vigdís a shekara ta 1954.  A wannan shekarar, ta fara wasan kwaikwayo, [10]tare da kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo.  Ta kuma yi aiki kan fassarar wasan kwaikwayo[11] na Faransanci da yawa.[12]  Ta shiga J[13]a[14]mi'ar Copenhagen a 1957, inda ta karanta tarihin wasan kwaikwayo har zuwa shekara ta gaba.[15] An sake [16]ta a shekara ta 1963. Vigdís ya halarci gangamin adawa da sojoji da aka yi a shekarun 1960 da 1970, inda suka nuna rashin amincewa da kas[17]ancewar sojojin Amurka a Icelan[18]d.  Iceland za ta ɗauki ɗa.

Vigdís ta koyar da darussan Faransanci a talabijin don RÚV tun daga 1972,[19] wanda ya sa ta zama sananne a duk faɗin ƙasar.  Ta zama memba na kwamitin ba da shawara kan al'amuran al'adu a cikin ƙasashen Nordic a 1976, kuma ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar a 1978.[20]: 41  Ta ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin dukkan waɗannan mukamai har zuwa lokacin da ta zama shugabar Iceland a 1980.[21] ]: 41 [22]Sauran ayyukan da ta yi a farkon rayuwa sun haɗa da aikinta na malamin Faransa a kwalejoji da yawa, ciki har da a  Jami'ar Iceland, da aikinta a matsayin jagorar yawon shakatawa tare da Ofishin yawon shakatawa na Icelandic a lokacin bazara.  Daga karshe ta zama shugabar Ofishin yawon bude ido ta Iceland.n

Shugabanci

Vigdís ya yi takara a zaben shugaban kasa na 1980.[23]A lokacin yakin neman zabenta, matsayinta na adawa da soja da adawarta da kasancewar Amurka a Iceland ya haifar da zargin cewa tana jin tausayin gurguzu Vigdís ya tsaya takarar shugaban kasa don tabbatar da cewa mata sun iya jagorantar yakin siyasa, kuma ba ta yi tsammanin yin nasara ba. Duk da haka, Vigdís ya ci zabe a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1980.An raba kuri'un tsakanin 'yan takara hudu, kuma ta yi nasara da kashi 33.6% na kuri'un[24]: 42  Vigdís ya hau kan karagar mulki a ranar 1 ga Agustan 1980. Ita ce shugabar kasar Iceland ta hudu kuma mace ta farko da aka taba zaba a matsayin shugabar kasa ta kowace kasa.: 39 [8] Jim kadan bayan ta hau karagar mulki, yawan mata a Althing ya karu sosai 

An sake zaben Vigdís ba tare da adawa ba a zaben shugaban kasa na 1984.[2]: 36  Ta jagoranci taron koli na Reykjavík a ranar 11 – 12 ga Oktoba 1986 tsakanin shugaban Amurka Ronald Reagan da shugaban Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev, wanda ake dangantawa da inganta dangantaka tsakanin kasashen da kuma  kawo karshen yakin cacar baka[7].  A zaben shugaban kasa na 1988, Vigdís ya zama shugaban kasar Iceland na farko da ya fuskanci abokin hamayya a zaben shugaban kasa.  Mai kalubalantar ta yi rashin nasara, kuma Vigdís ta yi nasara da kashi 92.7% na kuri'un.[2]: 42  An sake zabe ta ba tare da adawa ba a 1992.[2]: 36 

Ko da yake shugaban kasa ya kasance mafi yawan bikin, Vigdís ya zama shugaba mai aiki, ta yin amfani da rawar wakiltar al'ummar kasa da kuma sanar da al'ummar kasa ta hanyar al'adu.  don matsalolin muhalli.  Ta jagoranci wani kamfen na sake dazuzzuka a Iceland, kuma ta yi kira da a hana asarar saman ƙasa.[4]  Vigdís kuma mai son zaman lafiya ce,[2]: 42  kuma ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mutum mai zaman lafiya".[7]  Ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan luwadi a matsayinta na shugaba.[2]: 43 

Shawarar da Vigdís ta yi la'akari da "mafi wahala" a cikin aikinta ya faru a cikin 1994 yayin muhawara kan shiga yankin tattalin arzikin Turai.  An sami gagarumin adawa ga haɗin gwiwar Turai a Iceland, amma Vigdís ya goyi bayan Tarayyar Turai da haɗin gwiwar Turai, kuma ta ƙi yin amfani da veto na shugaban kasa don toshe dangantakar Iceland da Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Turai.[5].  Vigdís ta yanke shawarar cewa ba za ta sake tsayawa takara karo na biyar a matsayin shugabar kasa ba, kuma wa’adin ta ya kare a watan Agustan 1996.[2]: 42  Ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 16.  Ya zuwa yanzu, ita ce shugabar kasa mafi dadewa mace da aka zaba a tarihi.[2]: 43 

Manazarta

Preview of references

  1. ↑ [a]Isabel Perón was the first woman in the world who served as President (1974), but she had been elected Vice President (1973) and only took office by succession, when her husband President Juan Perón died in office. Khertek Anchimaa-Toka in 1940 was the first non-royal female head of state in the modern era, but was titled Chairwoman of the Presidium. The first female head of government after an election was Sirimavo Bandaranaike, who became the Prime Minister of Ceylon in 1960.
  2. ↑ [1]"Former President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Turns 90 Today". Iceland Monitor. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  3. ↑ 3]Einarsdóttir, Júlía Margrét (19 April 2020). ""Ég missti þann förunaut sem hefði fylgt mér alla ævi"". RÚV.
  4. ↑ [4]"First female head of state, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, elected 35 years ago today". Icelandmag. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  5. ↑ [2]Snaebjornsson, Inga Minelgaite (2016). ""President Vigdís": The End and the Beginning of Women's Agenda in Iceland". In Erçetin, Şefika Şule (ed.). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments: Examinations of Leadership Using Complexity Theory. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. Springer. pp. 35–47. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44758-2. ISBN 978-3-319-44758-2. S2CID 1414678.
  6. ↑ [4]"First female head of state, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, elected 35 years ago today". Icelandmag. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  7. ↑ [4]"First female head of state, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, elected 35 years ago today". Icelandmag. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  8. ↑ [2]Snaebjornsson, Inga Minelgaite (2016). ""President Vigdís": The End and the Beginning of Women's Agenda in Iceland". In Erçetin, Şefika Şule (ed.). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments: Examinations of Leadership Using Complexity Theory. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. Springer. pp. 35–47. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44758-2. ISBN 978-3-319-44758-2. S2CID 1414678.
  9. ↑ [4]"First female head of state, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, elected 35 years ago today". Icelandmag. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  10. ↑ [5]"Vigdis Finnbogadottir, the world's first elected female president". France 24. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  11. ↑ [6]Topping, Alexandra (7 December 2017). "There's proof: electing women radically improves life for mothers and families". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  12. ↑ [1]"Former President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Turns 90 Today". Iceland Monitor. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  13. ↑ [4]"First female head of state, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, elected 35 years ago today". Icelandmag. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  14. ↑ [4]"First female head of state, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, elected 35 years ago today". Icelandmag. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  15. ↑ [4]"First female head of state, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, elected 35 years ago today". Icelandmag. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  16. ↑ [5]"Vigdis Finnbogadottir, the world's first elected female president". France 24. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  17. ↑ [2]Snaebjornsson, Inga Minelgaite (2016). ""President Vigdís": The End and the Beginning of Women's Agenda in Iceland". In Erçetin, Şefika Şule (ed.). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments: Examinations of Leadership Using Complexity Theory. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. Springer. pp. 35–47. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44758-2. ISBN 978-3-319-44758-2. S2CID 1414678.
  18. ↑ [5]"Vigdis Finnbogadottir, the world's first elected female president". France 24. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  19. ↑ [7]""What now happens in the world is utterly awful," Vigdís Finnbogadóttir". The Independent Barents Observer. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  20. ↑ [2]Snaebjornsson, Inga Minelgaite (2016). ""President Vigdís": The End and the Beginning of Women's Agenda in Iceland". In Erçetin, Şefika Şule (ed.). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments: Examinations of Leadership Using Complexity Theory. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. Springer. pp. 35–47. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44758-2. ISBN 978-3-319-44758-2. S2CID 1414678.
  21. ↑ [2]Snaebjornsson, Inga Minelgaite (2016). ""President Vigdís": The End and the Beginning of Women's Agenda in Iceland". In Erçetin, Şefika Şule (ed.). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments: Examinations of Leadership Using Complexity Theory. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. Springer. pp. 35–47. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44758-2. ISBN 978-3-319-44758-2. S2CID 1414678.
  22. ↑ [5]"Vigdis Finnbogadottir, the world's first elected female president". France 24. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  23. ↑ [6]Topping, Alexandra (7 December 2017). "There's proof: electing women radically improves life for mothers and families". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  24. ↑ [2]Snaebjornsson, Inga Minelgaite (2016). ""President Vigdís": The End and the Beginning of Women's Agenda in Iceland". In Erçetin, Şefika Şule (ed.). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments: Examinations of Leadership Using Complexity Theory. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. Springer. pp. 35–47. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44758-2. ISBN 978-3-319-44758-2. S2CID 1414678.