Mahkamah Agung
Mahkamah Agung (dalam bahasa Inggris: supreme court) adalah pengadilan tertinggi dalam tingkatan pengadilan yang terdiri dari banyak daerah hukum. Sebutan lain untuk Mahkamah Agung meliputi pengadilan terakhir, pengadilan tingkat akhir, pengadilan penghakiman, pengadilan puncak dan pengadilan tertinggi banding. Secara garis besar, keputusan dari Mahkamah Agung tidak akan ditinjau lebih lanjut oleh pengadilan lain. Mahkamah Agung biasanya berfungsi utama sebagai pengadilan banding, menganalisis putusan pengadilan tingkat pertama atau dari pengadilan tingkat banding.[1]
Daftar Pengadilan Tertinggi berdasarkan benua
Catatan: Tanda bintang mengindikasikan bahwa lembaga yudikatif, eksekutif dan legislatif tidak independen
Afrika
Negara | Nama Pengadilan Tertinggi |
---|---|
Aljazair | Mahkamah Agung Aljazair |
Angola | Mahkamah Agung Angola |
Benin | Mahkamah Konstitusi Benin, Mahkamah Agung Benin |
Botswana | Pengadilan Tinggi Botswana |
Burkina Faso | Mahkamah Agung Burkina Faso |
Burundi | Mahkamah Agung Burundi |
Kamerun | Mahkamah Agung Kamerun* |
Tanjung Verde | Pengadilan Tertinggi Keadilan Tanjung Verde |
Republik Afrika Tengah | Mahkamah Agung Afrika Tengah |
Chad | Mahkamah Agung Chad, Dewan Konstitusi Chad |
Komoro | Mahkamah Agung Komoro |
Republik Demokratik Kongo | Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Demokratik Kongo, Pengadilan Kasasi Republik Demokratik Kongo |
Republik Kongo | Mahkamah Agung Republik Kongo |
Pantai Gading | Mahkamah Agung Pantai Gading |
Djibouti | Mahkamah Agung Djibouti |
Mesir | Mahkamah Konstitusi Agung Mesir |
Guinea Khatulistiwa | Mahkamah Agung Guinea Khatulistiwa |
Eritrea | Pengadilan Tinggi Eritrea |
Ethiopia | Mahkamah Agung Federal Ethiopia |
Gabon | Mahkamah Agung Gabon |
Gambia | Mahkamah Agung Gambia |
Ghana | Mahkamah Agung Ghana |
Guinea | Mahkamah Agung Guinea |
Guinea-Bissau | Mahkamah Agung Guinea-Bissau |
Kenya | Mahkamah Agung Kenya |
Lesotho | Pengadilan Tinggi Lesotho |
Liberia | Mahkamah Agung Liberia |
Libya | Mahkamah Agung Libya |
Madagaskar | Mahkamah Agung Madagaskar |
Malawi | Mahkamah Agung Banding Malawi |
Mali | Mahkamah Agung Mali* |
Mauritania | Mahkamah Agung Mauritania |
Mauritius | Mahkamah Agung Mauritius, Komite Yudisial Dewan Penasihat |
Moroko | Mahkamah Agung Moroko |
Mozambik | Mahkamah Agung Mozambik |
Namibia | Mahkamah Agung Namibia |
Niger | Mahkamah Agung Niger, Mahkamah Kontitusi Niger |
Nigeria | Mahkamah Agung Nigeria |
Rwanda | Mahkamah Konstitusi Rwanda |
Sao Tome dan Principe | Mahkamah Agung Sao Tome dan Principe |
Senegal | Pengadilan Kasasi Senegal |
Seychelles | Pengadilan Tinggi Seychelles |
Sierra Leone | Mahkamah Agung Sierra Leone |
Somalia | Mahkamah Agung Somalia |
Afrika Selatan | Constitutional Court of South Africa, Mahkamah Agung Banding Afrika Selatan |
Sudan | Mahkamah Agung Sudan* |
Swaziland | Pengadilan Tinggi Swaziland |
Tanzania | Pengadilan Tinggi Tanzania |
Togo | Pengadilan Tinggi Togo |
Tunisia | Pengadilan Kasasi Tunisia* |
Uganda | Mahkamah Agung Uganda |
Zambia | Mahkamah Agung Zambia |
Zimbabwe | Mahkamah Agung Zimbabwe |
Amerika
Negara | Nama Pengadilan |
---|---|
Antigua and Barbuda | Mahkamah Agung Karibia Timur |
Argentina | Mahkamah Agung Argentina |
Bahama | Komite Yudisial Dewan Penasihat |
Barbados | Mahkamah Agung Peradidlan Barbados |
Belize | Mahkamah Agung Belize |
Bolivia | Mahkamah Agung Bolivia |
Brasil | Mahkamah Agung Federal Brazil |
Canada | Mahkamah Agung Canada |
Chile | Mahkamah Agung Chile |
Kolombia | Mahkamah Agung Colombia, Dewan Negara Kolombia, Mahkamah Konstitusi Kolombia, Superior Council of the Judiciary |
Kosta Rika | Mahkamah Agung Kosta Rika |
Kuba | Mahkamah Agung Cuba* |
Commonwealth of Dominica | Mahkamah Agung Karibia Timur |
Republik Dominika | Supreme Court of Justice |
Equador | Mahkamah Agung Ecuador* |
El Salvador | Mahkamah Agung Salvador |
Grenada | Mahkamah Agung Karibia Timur |
Guatemala | Supreme Court of Justice |
Guyana | Supreme Court of Judicature[2] |
Haiti | Supreme Court of Haiti |
Honduras | Mahkamah Agung Honduras |
Jamaica | Court of Appeal, Komite Yudisial Dewan Penasihat |
Mexico | Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation |
Nicaragua | Mahkamah Agung Nicaragua |
Panama | Mahkamah Agung Justice |
Paraguay | Supreme Court of Justice |
Peru | Mahkamah Agung Peru |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Mahkamah Agung Karibia Timur |
Saint Lucia | Mahkamah Agung Karibia Timur |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Mahkamah Agung Karibia Timur |
Suriname | Court of Justice of Suriname |
Trinidad and Tobago | Supreme Court of Judicature,[3] Komite Yudisial Dewan Penasihat |
Amerika Serikat | Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat |
Uruguay | Mahkamah Agung Uruguay |
Venezuela | Supreme Tribunal of Justice |
Asia
Negara | Nama Pengadilan Tertinggi |
---|---|
Abkhazia | Mahkamah Agung Abkhazia |
Afghanistan | Mahkamah Agung Afganistan |
Armenia | Constitutional Court of Armenia |
Azerbaijan | Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan, Supreme Court of Azerbaijan |
Bahrain | High Civil Appeals Court of Bahrain |
Bangladesh | Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh |
Bhutan | Supreme Court of Appeal |
Brunei | Supreme Court of Brunei, Komite Yudisial Dewan Penasihat |
Burma | Mahkamah Agung Burma |
Kamboja | Supreme Council of the Magistracy |
Republik Rakyat Tiongkok | Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China* |
Georgia | Constitutional Court of Georgia, Supreme Court of Georgia |
Hong Kong | Court of Final Appeal |
India | Mahkamah Agung India |
Indonesia | Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia |
Iran | Supreme Court of Iran, High Council of the Judiciary |
Irak | Mahkamah Agung Irak |
Israel | Mahkamah Agung Israel |
Jepang | Mahkamah Agung Jepang |
Jordan | Court of Cassation |
Kazakhstan | Supreme Court of Kazakhstan, Constitutional Council |
Korea Utara | Central Court* |
Korea Selatan | Mahkamah Konstitusi Korea Selatan, Mahkamah Agung Korea Selatan |
Kuwait | High Court of Appeal of Kuwait |
Kyrgyzstan | Mahkamah Agung Kyrgyzstan* |
Laos | People's Supreme Court of Laos |
Libanon | Courts of Cassation, Constitutional Council |
Macau | Court of Final Appeal |
Malaysia | Mahkamah Persekutuan |
Maldives | Supreme Court of the Maldives |
Mongolia | Constitutional Court of Mongolia, Mahkamah Agung Mongolia |
Nepal | Mahkamah Agung Nepal |
Oman | Mahkamah Agung Oman* |
Pakistan | Mahkamah Agung Pakistan |
Filipina | Mahkamah Agung Filipina |
Qatar | Mahkamah Kasasi Qatar* |
Saudi Arabia | Supreme Council of Justice |
Singapura | Mahkamah Agung Singapura* |
Sri Lanka | Mahkamah Agung Sri Lanka |
Suriah | Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria |
Republic of China (Taiwan) | Supreme Court of the Republic of China, Constitutional Court of the Judicial Yuan |
Tajikistan | Mahkamah Agung Tajikistan* |
Thailand | Mahkamah Agung Thailand |
Timor-Leste | Court of Appeals of Timor-Leste[4] |
Turki | Constitutional Court of Turkey |
Turkmenistan | Mahkamah Agung Turkmenistan |
Uni Emirat Arab | Federal Supreme Court |
Uzbekistan | Mahkamah Agung Uzbekistan |
Vietnam | Supreme People's Court of Vietnam* |
Yaman | Supreme Court of Yemen* |
Eropa
Negara | Nama Pengadilan |
---|---|
Albania | Constitutional Court of Albania, Mahkamah Agung Albania |
Andorra | Superior Court of Justice |
Austria | Constitutional Court of Austria, Administrative Court of Austria, Supreme Court of Austria |
Belarus | Mahkamah Agung Belarus, Constitutional Court of Belarus* |
Belgia | Court of Cassation |
Bosnia - Herzegovina | Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Bulgaria | Supreme Court of Cassation of Bulgaria, Supreme Administrative Court of Bulgaria |
Kroasia | Mahkamah Agung Croatia |
Siprus | Mahkamah Agung Cyprus |
Republik Ceko | Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic, Supreme Court of the Czech Republic |
Denmark | Mahkamah Agung Denmark |
Inggris & Wales | Mahkamah Agung Britania Raya |
Estonia | Supreme Court of Estonia |
Finlandia | Supreme Court of Finland, Supreme Administrative Court of Finland |
Prancis | Court of Cassation, Conseil d'Etat, Constitutional Council of France |
Jerman | Constitutional Court, Federal Court of Justice, Federal Administrative Court, Federal Finance Court, Federal Labour Court, Federal Social Court |
Yunani | Court of Cassation, Council of State, Court of Audit |
Hungari | Constitutional Court of Hungary |
Islandia | Mahkamah Agung Iceland |
Irlandia | Mahkamah Agung Ireland |
Italia | Constitutional Court of Italy, Court of Cassation |
Kosovo | Mahkamah Agung Kosovo |
Latvia | Constitutional Court of Latvia |
Liechtenstein | Mahkamah Agung Liechtenstein |
Lithuania | Constitutional Court of Lithuania |
Luksemburg | Superior Court of Justice |
Makedonia | Supreme Court of Macedonia, Constitutional Court of Macedonia |
Malta | Constitutional Court of Malta |
Moldova | Supreme Court of Justice of Moldova |
Monako | Mahkamah Agung Monaco |
Montenegro | Constitutional Court of Montenegro |
Belanda | Mahkamah Agung Belanda, Council of State of the Netherlands |
Norwegia | Mahkamah Agung Norway |
Irlandia Utara | Supreme Court of the United Kingdom |
Polandia | Mahkamah Agung Poland, Constitutional Tribunal |
Portugal | Constitutional Court of Portugal, Supreme Court of Justice |
Romania | High Court of Cassation and Justice |
Rusia | Mahkamah Agung Russia |
San Marino | Council of Twelve |
Skotlandia | High Court of Justiciary (Criminal), Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (Civil) |
Serbia | Mahkamah Agung Serbia |
Slowakia | Mahkamah Agung Slowakia |
Slovenia | Mahkamah Agung Slovenia |
Spanyol | Mahkamah Agung Spain |
Swedia | Mahkamah Agung Sweden, Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden |
Swiss | Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland |
Ukraina | Mahkamah Agung Ukraine, Constitutional Court of Ukraine |
Britania Raya | See entries for England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland |
Vatican | Cassation Court of Vatican City |
Oseania
Negara | Nama Pengadilan |
---|---|
Australia | High Court of Australia |
Cook Islands | Judicial Committee of the Privy Council |
Fiji | Mahkamah Agung Fiji |
Kiribati | Court of Appeal of Kiribati, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council |
Kepulauan Marshall | Supreme Court of the Marshall Islands |
Mikronesia | Supreme Court of the Federated States of Micronesia |
Nauru | Mahkamah Agung Nauru, High Court of Australia |
Selandia Baru | Mahkamah Agung New Zealand and High Court of New Zealand |
Niue | Judicial Committee of the Privy Council |
Palau | Mahkamah Agung Palau |
Papua Nugini | Mahkamah Agung Papua New Guinea |
Samoa | Court of Appeal of Samoa |
Kepul Solomon Islands | Court of Appeal of Solomon Islands |
Tonga | Court of Appeal of Tonga; Privy Council of Tonga (for matters dealing with hereditary estates and titles) |
Tuvalu | Tuvalu Court of Appeal, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council |
Vanuatu | Court of Appeal of Vanuatu |
Mahkamah Internasional
Terdapat beberapa pengadilan internasional yang merupakan pengadilan tertinggi bagi masing-masing organisasi, yakni: Organisasi Negara Karibia Timur (OECS), Uni Eropa (UE), Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB), dan beberapa negara-negara yang tergabung dalam Commonwealth of Nations. Namun, anggota dari organisasi-organisasi tersebut kadang-kadang memiliki pengadilan tinggi mereka sendiri dengan yurisdiksi yang terbatas, contohnya Mahkamah Eropa yang hanya bisa menafsirkan hukum yang berlaku bagi Uni Eropa dan menjamin penerapan yang seimbang bagi semua negara anggotanya, kasus dalam negeri masing-masing anggota tidak dapat diajukan banding.
Berikut beberapa Mahkamah Internasional:
- Mahkamah Benelux Benelux (Benelux)
- Mahkamah Karibia (Komunitas Karibia)
- Mahkamah Agung Karibia Timur (Organisasi Negara-Negara Karibia Timur)
- Mahkamah Eropa (Uni Eropa)
- Mahkamah Internasional (PBB)
- Mahkamah Pidana Internasional (PBB)
- Komite Yudisial Dewan Penasihat (untuk beberapa negara yang tergabung dalam Negara-Negara Persemakmuran)
Referensi
- ^ Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law and Collins English Dictionary
- ^ "Guyana". The World Factbook. CIA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-26. Diakses tanggal 2009-12-04.
- ^ "Trinidad and Tobago". The World Factbook. CIA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-07. Diakses tanggal 2009-12-06.
- ^ "Timor-Leste". The World Factbook. CIA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-01-28. Diakses tanggal 2009-11-22. The Court of Appeals will remain East Timor's highest court until the Supreme Court has been officially established