ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Cite news
{Cite arXiv} | arXiv preprints |
|---|---|
{Cite AV media} | audio and visual media |
{Cite AV media notes} | AV media liner notes |
{Cite bioRxiv} | bioRxiv preprints |
{Cite book} | books and chapters |
{Cite CiteSeerX} | CiteSeerX papers |
{Cite conference} | conference papers |
{Cite encyclopedia} | edited collections |
{Cite episode} | radio or TV episodes |
{Cite interview} | interviews |
{Cite journal} | academic journals |
{Cite magazine} | magazines, periodicals |
{Cite mailing list} | public mailing lists |
{Cite map} | maps |
{Cite news} | news articles |
{Cite newsgroup} | online newsgroups |
{Cite podcast} | podcasts |
{Cite press release} | press releases |
{Cite report} | reports |
{Cite serial} | audio or video serials |
{Cite sign} | signs, plaques |
{Cite speech} | speeches |
{Cite ssrn} | SSRN papers |
{Cite techreport} | technical reports |
{Cite thesis} | theses |
{Cite web} | web sources not covered by the above |
| See also | Specific-source templates Wrapper templates |
This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for news articles in print, video, audio or web.
Usage
Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.
|
|
{cite news
| last =
| first =
| date =
| title =
| url =
| work =
| location =
| access-date =
}
{cite news
| author =<!--not stated-->
| title =
| url =
| work =
| location =
| date =
| access-date =
}
{cite news
| last =
| first =
| date =
| title =
| url =
| url-status =
| work =
| location =
| archive-url =
| archive-date =
| access-date =
}
{cite news
| last =
| first =
| date =
| title =
| trans-title =
| url =
| language =
| work =
| location =
| access-date =
}
{cite news
| last1 =
| first1 =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| date =
| title =
| trans-title =
| url =
| url-status =
| format =
| language =
| work =
| location =
| archive-url =
| archive-date =
| access-date =
| via =
| url-access =
| quote =
}
|
| Vertical list | Prerequisites | Brief instructions / notes |
|---|---|---|
{cite news
| last1 =
| first1 =
| author-link1 =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author-link2 =
| last3 =
| first3 =
| author-link3 =
| last4 =
| first4 =
| author-link4 =
| last5 =
| first5 =
| author-link5 =
| display-authors =
| author-mask =
| name-list-style =
| date =
| year =
| orig-date =
| title =
| script-title =
| trans-title =
| url =
| url-status =
| format =
| editor1-last =
| editor1-first =
| editor1-link =
| editor2-last =
| editor2-first =
| editor2-link =
| editor3-last =
| editor3-first =
| editor3-link =
| editor4-last =
| editor4-first =
| editor4-link =
| editor5-last =
| editor5-first =
| editor5-link =
| display-editors =
| department =
| work =
| type =
| series =
| language =
| volume =
| issue =
| others =
| edition =
| location =
| publisher =
| publication-date =
| agency =
| page =
| pages =
| at =
| no-pp =
| arxiv =
| asin =
| bibcode =
| doi =
| doi-broken-date =
| isbn =
| issn =
| jfm =
| jstor =
| lccn =
| mr =
| oclc =
| ol =
| osti =
| pmc =
| pmid =
| rfc =
| ssrn =
| zbl =
| id =
| archive-url =
| archive-date =
| access-date =
| via =
| quote =
| postscript =
| ref =
}
|
|
|
- If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.
Choosing between {Cite web} and {Cite news}
Before 2014, editors needed to decide whether to use {Cite web} or {Cite news} based on their features. In 2014, however, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.
As of 29 July 2016, {Cite web} and {Cite news} have the following differences:
- {Cite news} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {Cite web} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
- {Cite news} accepts
|issue=and|volume=parameters while {Cite web} does not (See Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10 § |volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= and cite magazine.)
But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:
| Cite web: | Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015. |
| Cite news: | Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015. |
Examples
- A news article with a credited author
{cite news |last=Wolford |first=Ben |date=2013-10-16 |title=Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/palm-beach/fl-citrus-canker-ruling-20131016,0,7602285.story |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}- Displays as:
- Wolford, Ben (2013-10-16). "Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
- A news article released by a news agency and having no credited author
{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |title=Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2013/10/bellingham-police-arrest-wwu-student-in-melee/ |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}- Displays as:
- "Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
- A news article that has been archived
{cite news |last=Pank |first=Philip |date=2013-10-18 |title=Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/transport/article3897709.ece |url-status=dead |work=The Times |location=London |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KS5scqfE |archive-date=2013-10-18 |access-date=2013-10-18|ref=none}- Displays as:
- Pank, Philip (2013-10-18). "Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- A news article written in a foreign language
{cite news |last=Bourmaud |first=François-Xavier |date=2013-10-17 |title=Hollande dans le bourbier de l'affaire Leonarda |trans-title=Hollande in the quagmire of the Leonarda case |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2013/10/17/01002-20131017ARTFIG00575-hollande-dans-le-bourbier-de-l-affaire-leonarda.php |language=French |work=Le Figaro |location=Paris |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}- Displays as:
- Bourmaud, François-Xavier (2013-10-17). "Hollande dans le Bourbier de L'affaire Leonarda" [Holland in the Quagmire of the Leonarda Case]. Le Figaro (in French). Paris. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
{cite news}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- A clipped and archived news article that you quote, found on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/ |title=Czechs honor Yuri |date=30 April 1961 |newspaper=Daily News|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402233429/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live |agency=Reuters |location=New York |page=35 |via=Newspapers.com |quote=Czech President [[Antonin Novotny]] today made visiting Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin a 'Hero of Socialist Labor'.|ref=none}- Displays as:
- "Czechs honor Yuri". Daily News. New York. Reuters. 30 April 1961. p. 35. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
Czech President Antonin Novotny today made visiting Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin a 'Hero of Socialist Labor'.
{cite news}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch (help)
Parameters
Syntax
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
- parent
- OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
- child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
- OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
- Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).
COinS
This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
- use
|date=27 September 2007not|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example , –, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
COinS metadata is created for these parameters
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
|periodical=,|journal=,|newspaper=,|magazine=,|work=,|website=,|encyclopedia=,|encyclopaedia=,|dictionary=|chapter=,|script-chapter=,|contribution=,|script-contribution=,|entry=,|script-entry=,|article=,|script-article=,|section=,|script-section=|title=,|script-title=,|book-title=|publication-place=,|place=,|location=|date=,|year=,|publication-date=|series=,|version=|volume=,|issue=,|number=|page=,|pages=,|at=,|quote-page=,|quote-pages=|edition=|publisher=,|institution=|url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|section-url=|author-last=,|author-last#=,|author#-last=,|author-surname=,|author-surname#=,|author#-surname=,|last=,|last#=,|surname=,|surname#=,|author=,|author#=,|subject=,|subject#=,|host=,|host#=|author-first=,|author-first#=,|author#-first=,|author-given=,|author-given#=,|author#-given=,|first=,|first#=,|given=,|given#=|degree=|arxiv=,|bibcode=,|biorxiv=,|citeseerx=,|doi=,|eissn=,|eprint=,|hdl=,|isbn=,|issn=,|jfm=,|jstor=,|lccn=,|message-id=,|mr=,|oclc=,|osti=,|pmc=,|pmid=,|rfc=,|ssrn=,|s2cid=,|zbl=
What's new
| Parameter | Description | Date |
|---|---|---|
|author-given=
|
added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |author-first=
|
October 2020 |
|author-surname=
|
added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |author-last=
|
October 2020 |
|display-subjects=
|
added alias for |display-authors= for usage with |subject=
|
October 2020 |
|interviewer-given=
|
added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |interviewer-first=
|
October 2020 |
|interviewer-surname=
|
added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |interviewer-last=
|
October 2020 |
|orig-date=
|
added canonical form for alias |orig-year=
|
October 2020 |
|quote-page=
|
added single page specifier for |quote=
|
October 2020 |
|quote-pages=
|
added multiple pages specifier for |quote=
|
October 2020 |
|sbn=
|
added identifier parameter for Standard Book Numbers | April 2020 |
|script-quote=
|
added non-Latin script text facility for |quote=
|
October 2020 |
|subject-mask=
|
added aliases (including enumerated forms) to |author-mask= for usage with |subject=
|
October 2020 |
|s2cid=
|
added identifier parameter for Semantic Scholar corpus ID | April 2020 |
|s2cid-access=
|
added access-icon parameter for |s2cid=
|
April 2020 |
|title-link=
|
added special tokens none/doi/pmc to override/disable auto-linking ({Cite journal} only)
|
October 2020 |
|trans-quote=
|
added translated text facility for |quote=
|
October 2020 |
| accept-this-as-written-markup | added for |doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, |sbn=
|
October 2020 |
Deprecated
| Deprecated parameter | Replace with | Date |
|---|---|---|
|lay-date= |
if the source named by these parameters is important to the Wikipedia article, create a cs1|2 template for that source with all of the appropriate bibliographic information | 2021-01-03 |
|lay-format=
| ||
|lay-source=
| ||
|lay-url=
| ||
|transcripturl= |
|transcript-url= |
2022-01-22 |
| Removed parameter | Replace with | Date |
|---|---|---|
|authorfirst=
|
|author-first=
|
October 2020 |
|authorfirstn=
|
|author-firstn=
| |
|authornfirst=
|
|authorn-first=
| |
|authorgiven=
|
|author-given=
| |
|authorgivenn=
|
|author-givenn=
| |
|authorngiven=
|
|authorn-given=
| |
|authorlast=
|
|author-last=
| |
|authorlastn=
|
|author-lastn=
| |
|authornlast=
|
|authorn-last=
| |
|authormask=
|
|author-mask=
|
January 2021 |
|authormaskn=
|
|author-maskn=
|
January 2021 |
|authornmask=
|
|authorn-mask=
|
January 2021 |
|authorsurname=
|
|author-surname=
|
October 2020 |
|authorsurnamen=
|
|author-surnamen=
| |
|authornsurname=
|
|authorn-surname=
| |
|booktitle=
|
|book-title=
|
May 2021 |
|chapterurl=
|
|chapter-url=
|
May 2021 |
|conferenceurl=
|
|conference-url=
|
April 2021 |
|contributionurl=
|
|contribution-url=
|
April 2021 |
|deadurl=yes
|
|url-status=dead
|
September 2019 |
|dead-url=yes
| ||
|displayauthors=
|
|display-authors=
|
January 2021 |
|displayeditors=
|
|display-editors=
|
October 2020 |
|doi-broken=
|
|doi-broken-date=
| |
|doi-inactive-date=
|
|doi-broken-date=
| |
|editorfirst=
|
|editor-first=
| |
|editorfirstn=
|
|editor-firstn=
| |
|editornfirst=
|
|editorn-first=
| |
|editorgiven=
|
|editor-given=
| |
|editorgivenn=
|
|editor-givenn=
| |
|editorngiven=
|
|editorn-given=
| |
|editorlast=
|
|editor-last=
| |
|editorlastn=
|
|editor-lastn=
| |
|editornlast=
|
|editorn-last=
| |
|editorlink=
|
|editor-link=
|
January 2021 |
|editorlinkn=
|
|editor-linkn=
|
January 2021 |
|editornlink=
|
|editorn-link=
|
January 2021 |
|editors=
|
|editor= (one editor) or |editorn= (more than one editor) or |veditors= (for Vancouver style editors). Consider splitting |editorn= into |editor-firstn= and |editor-lastn=, if possible. Consider |editor-maskn=, if annotation is required.
|
January 2021 |
|editorsurname=
|
|editor-surname=
|
October 2020 |
|editorsurnamen=
|
|editor-surnamen=
| |
|editornsurname=
|
|editorn-surname=
| |
|editormask=
|
|editor-mask=
| |
|editormaskn=
|
|editor-maskn=
| |
|editornmask=
|
|editorn-mask=
| |
|embargo=
|
|pmc-embargo-date=
| |
|episodelink=
|
|episode-link=
|
May 2021 |
|event-format=
|
(delete) | January 2021 |
|eventurl=
|
(delete) | |
|event-url=
|
(delete) | |
|ignoreisbnerror=
|
|isbn=((<isbn>))
|
October 2020 |
|ignore-isbn-error=
|
|isbn=((<isbn>))
|
January 2021 |
|interviewerlink=
|
|interviewer-link=
|
October 2020 |
|interviewerlinkn=
|
|interviewer-linkn=
| |
|interviewernlink=
|
|interviewern-link=
| |
|interviewermask=
|
|interviewer-mask=
| |
|interviewermaskn=
|
|interviewer-maskn=
| |
|interviewernmask=
|
|interviewern-mask=
| |
|last-author-amp=
|
|name-list-style=amp
|
January 2021 |
|lastauthoramp=
|
|name-list-style=amp
| |
|laydate=
|
|lay-date=
|
April 2021 |
|laysource=
|
|lay-source=
| |
|layurl=
|
|lay-url=
| |
|mailinglist=
|
|mailing-list=
|
May 2021 |
|mapurl=
|
|map-url=
| |
|name-list-format=
|
|name-list-style=
|
April 2021 |
|nocat=
|
|no-tracking=
|
January 2021 |
|no-cat=
|
|no-tracking=
|
October 2020 |
|nopp=
|
|no-pp=
|
May 2021 |
|notracking=
|
|no-tracking=
|
October 2020 |
|publicationdate=
|
|publication-date=
|
May 2021 |
|publicationplace=
|
|publication-place=
| |
|registration=
|
|url-access=registration
|
January 2020 |
|sectionurl=
|
|section-url=
|
April 2021 |
|serieslink=
|
|series-link=
|
May 2021 |
|seriesno=
|
|series-no=
|
April 2021 |
|seriesnumber=
|
|series-number=
|
January 2021 |
|series-separator=
|
(delete) | October 2020 |
|subjectlink=
|
|subject-link=
|
January 2021 |
|subjectlinkn=
|
|subject-linkn=
| |
|subjectnlink=
|
|subjectn-link=
| |
|subscription=
|
|url-access=subscription
|
January 2020 |
|timecaption=
|
|time-caption=
|
April 2021 |
|titlelink=
|
|title-link=
|
April 2021 |
|transcripturl= |
|transcript-url= |
Description
Authors
- last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g.
|author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.- author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
- first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with MOS:JRSR and use honorifics only in accordance with MOS:HON.
- OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use
|first1=...|last1=...|author2=.... - author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
- OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
- name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to
amp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use thelast/firstforms of name parameters.
- vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
- author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in
|vauthors=as described above
- authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
- translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
- translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
- translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
- collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
- others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
- Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
Title
- title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
- script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
- trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
- script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
- Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
| newline | [ | ] | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| space | [ | ] | {!} (preferred)
|
| {bracket|text} | | or {pipe} – | ||
- title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
- language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:
|language=ru;|lang=fr, pt-br;|lang=Russian;|language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang
Periodical (work, newspaper, website)
- work (required by
{cite journal}and{cite magazine}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field.- script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website.
- trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website.
... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...
- issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g.
|issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''. Please choose either|issue=or|number=depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example|issue=2 #143. Displayed in parentheses following volume. - department: Title of a regular department, column, or section within the periodical or journal. Examples include "Communication", "Editorial", "Letter to the Editor", and "Review". Displays after title and is in plain text.
- When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:
- title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
- chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).
Publisher
- publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
- place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
- publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
- publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If date (or year) is also defined and is different, then publication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following publisher. If date (or year) is not defined, publication-date is displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
- via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution.
- agency: The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse. Do not use for sources published on the agency's own website; e.g. apnews.com or reuters.com; instead, use work or publisher. May be wikilinked if relevant.
Date
- date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date ೧] Required when year is used to disambiguate
{sfn}links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher.
- For approximate year, precede with "
c.", like this:|date=c. 1900.
- For no date, or "undated", use
|date=n.d. - The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a
createdorupdateddate; a comment for editors such asdate=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01can be added.
- Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as
|date=,|publication-date=,|access-date=,|archive-date=, etc.) except for|orig-date=in the style specified by the article's{use dmy dates}or{use mdy dates}template. See those templates' documentation for details.
- year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible
|date=parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:- The
|date=format is YYYY-MM-DD. - The citation requires a
CITEREFdisambiguator.
- The
- orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:
|orig-date=First published 1859or|orig-date=Composed 1904. As|orig-date=does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by|df=(or, if it exists in the article, by|cs1-dates=of a{use dmy dates}or{use mdy dates}template), or as used in the|date=parameter. Alias: orig-year - df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
dmy– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;mdy– as above for month day, year formatymd– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DDdmy-all– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;mdy-all– as above for month day, year formatymd-all– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
- ↑ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.
Edition, volume
- edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so
|edition=2ndproduces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
- volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.
In-source locations
- page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either
|page=or|pages=, but not both. Displays preceded byp.unless|no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use{Hyphen}to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|page=3{hyphen}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert|page=3-12to|pages=3{ndash}12. Alias: p. - OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either
|page=or|pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded bypp.unless|no-pp=yes.
Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of|pages=without processing it, and use{Hyphen}to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|pages=((3{hyphen}1{ndash}3{hyphen}15)). Alternatively, use|at=, like this:|at=pp. 3-1–3-15. Alias: pp.- no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the
p.orpp.notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where|page=Front coveror|pages=passim.
- no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the
- OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by
|page=or|pages=. Use only one of|page=,|pages=, or|at=.
Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse. - For
|quote-page=and|quote-pages=used in conjunction with|quote=, see here.
URL
- url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.
#ixzz2rBr3aO94or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use|isbn=or|oclc=to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.- access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date ೧] Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with
{use dmy dates}and{use mdy dates}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate. - archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive and archive.today ; requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by
|url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.- archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date ೧] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with
{use dmy dates}and{use mdy dates}. Alias: archivedate. - url-status: the
|url-status=parameter should only be included if an|archive-url=is set (dead links without an archive URL can be marked with{Dead link}). If|url-status=is omitted, or is specified with a null value, the default value is|url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set|url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.
If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set|url-status=deviated. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting|url-status=unfitor|url-status=usurpedsuppresses display of the original URL (but|url=and|archive-url=are still required). - archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.
- archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date ೧] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with
- url-access:
- access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date ೧] Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with
- format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.
URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
| Character | space | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Encoding | %20 | %22 | %27 | %3C | %3E | %5B | %5D | %7B | %7C | %7D |
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
Anchor
- ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set,
|ref=IDgenerates an anchor with the givenID(theid=attribute in the citation's<cite id="ID">HTML tag). Setting|ref=IDidentifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with{Sfn}and{Harv}templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair|ref=harvhas no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set|ref=none. Aliases: none.
Identifiers
- id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example,
|id=NCJ 122967will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as|id={NCJ|122967}to append NCJ 122967 instead.
The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.
- arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example:
|arxiv=hep-th/9205027(before April 2007) or|arxiv=0706.0001(April 2007 – December 2014) or|arxiv=1501.00001(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint. - asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example
|asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.- asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
ae,au,br,ca,cn,de,es,fr,in,it,jp,mx,nl,pl,sa,se,sg,tr,uk. Aliases: none.
- asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
- bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:
1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none. - biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g.
10.1101/078733for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733;10.1101/2020.07.24.220400for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none. - citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.
10.1.1.176.341for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none. - doi: Digital object identifier; for example:
10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
- doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
- eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example
|eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
- hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example
|hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL. - isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example:
978-0-8126-9593-9. Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN.- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
- ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example:
979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN. - issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example
|issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
- jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example
|jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM. - jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example:
|jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR. - lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example
|lccn=79-57364or|lccn=2004042477or|lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN. - mr: Mathematical Reviews; example
|mr=630583. Aliases: MR. - oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example
|oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC. - ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example
|ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL. - osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example
|osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI. - pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g.
|pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. . Aliases: PMC.- pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
- pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example
|pmid=17322060Aliases: PMID. - rfc: Request for Comments; example
|rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC. - sbn: Standard Book Number; example
|sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN.- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
- ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example
|ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN. - s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example
|s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID. - zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example
|zbl=0472.53010For zbMATH search results likeJFM 35.0387.02use|jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL.
In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.
For {Cite journal}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).
It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
Quote
- quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
- script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
- trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
- script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
- quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in
|quote=. Use either|quote-page=or|quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in|page=,|pages=or|at=. Displays preceded byp.unless|no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use{Hyphen}to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|quote-page=3{hyphen}12). Alias: none. - OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in
|quote=. Use either|quote-page=or|quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in|pages=or|at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded bypp.unless|no-pp=yesis defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of|quote-pages=without processing it, and use{Hyphen}to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|quote-pages=((3{hyphen}1{ndash}3{hyphen}15)). Alias: none.
Editors
- editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
- editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
- editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
- OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use
|editor-first1=...|editor-last1=...|editor2=.... - editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
- OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
- name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to
amp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use thelast/firstforms of name parameters.
- veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
- editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in
|veditors=, as described above
- Display:
- Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
- If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
- If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."
Lay summary
These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.
- lay-url: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
- lay-source: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
- lay-date: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
- lay-format: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to by lay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.
Display options
- mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For
|mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For|mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript. - author-mask:
- contributor-mask:
- editor-mask:
- interviewer-mask:
- subject-mask:
- translator-mask:
- Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by
{reflist},<references />or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.|authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.
- Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by
- display-authors:
- display-contributors:
- display-editors:
- display-interviewers:
- display-subjects:
- display-translators:
- Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example,
|display-authors=2will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise,|display-editors=2will display only the first two editors (and all authors).|display-authors=0and|display-editors=0are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed.|display-authors=etaldisplays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
- Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example,
- postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (
.); for no terminating punctuation, specify|postscript=none– leaving|postscript=empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.|postscript=is ignored if quote is defined.
Subscription or registration required
Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles.
Four access levels can be used:
- access indicator for named identifiers:
free: the source is free to read for anyone
- access indicators for url-holding parameters:
registration: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration-
limited: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this source 
subscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall")
As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
Access indicators for url-holding parameters
Online sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free.
| URL | Access | Allowed keywords |
|---|---|---|
|url=
|
|url-access= |
registration  limited subscription 
|
|article-url=
|
|article-url-access=
| |
|chapter-url=
|
|chapter-url-access=
| |
|contribution-url=
|
|contribution-url-access=
| |
|entry-url=
|
|entry-url-access=
| |
|map-url=
|
|map-url-access=
| |
|section-url=
|
|section-url-access=
|
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
- {cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}
which renders as:
- "Nifty example data". 2021-04-15.
Access indicator for named identifiers
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription.
| Identifier | Access | Allowed keywords |
|---|---|---|
|bibcode=
|
|bibcode-access= |
free 
|
|doi=
|
|doi-access=
| |
|hdl=
|
|hdl-access=
| |
|jstor=
|
|jstor-access=
| |
|ol=
|
|ol-access=
| |
|osti=
|
|osti-access=
| |
|s2cid=
|
|s2cid-access=
|
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
|arxiv=|biorxiv=|citeseerx=|pmc=|rfc=|ssrn=
For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date.
TemplateData
Cite news
Lua error in ಮಾಡ್ಯೂಲ್:Cs1_documentation_support at line 1073: attempt to index field 'basic_arguments' (a nil value).
This template formats a citation to a news article in print, video, audio or web using the provided source information (e.g. author, publication, date) and various formatting options.
| ಪರಿಮಿತಿ | ವಿವರ | ನಮೂನೆ | ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last name | last last1 author author1 authors | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'. | Line | ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ |
| First name | first first1 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'. | Line | ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ |
| Author link | author-link author-link1 author1-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Last name 2 | last2 author2 | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| First name 2 | first2 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Author link 2 | author-link2 author2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list) | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Last name 3 | last3 author3 | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| First name 3 | first3 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Author link 3 | author-link3 author3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Last name 4 | last4 author4 | The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| First name 4 | first4 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Author link 4 | author-link4 author4-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Last name 5 | last5 author5 | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| First name 5 | first5 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Author link 5 | author-link5 author5-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Last name 6 | last6 author6 | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| First name 6 | first6 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Author link 6 | author-link6 author6-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Last name 7 | last7 author7 | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| First name 7 | first7 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Author link 7 | author-link7 author7-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Last name 8 | last8 author8 | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| First name 8 | first8 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Author link 8 | author-link8 author8-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Last name 9 | last9 author9 | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| First name 9 | first9 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Author link 9 | author-link9 author9-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Display authors | display-authors | number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; | ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Author mask | author-mask | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Name list style | name-list-style | Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style. | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Others | others | Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith' | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Source date | date | Full date of the source; do not wikilink | Date | ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ |
| Year of publication | year | Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Original date | orig-date | Original date of publication; provide specifics | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Source title | title | The title of the article as it appears in the source; displays in quotes | String | required |
| Script title | script-title | For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:... | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Language | language | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Translated title | trans-title | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Edition | edition | When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.' | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Volume | volume | For one publication published in several volumes. Usually a number. Do not prepend with vol. or v.
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Page | page | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Pages | pages | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'
| String | ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ |
| No pp | no-pp | Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')
| Boolean | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| At | at | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Name of publication | work journal magazine periodical newspaper website | Name of the newspaper, magazine or periodical; displays after title
| String | ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ |
| Publisher | publisher institution | Name of the parent institution or company that publishes the newspaper, magazine, or periodical; displays after name of the publication
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Agency | agency | The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Issue | issue number | Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically. Usually a number. Do not prepend with no.
| Line | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Department | department | Department within the periodical | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Location of publication | location place | Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place' | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Place of publication | publication-place | Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Publication date | publication-date | Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink
| Date | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Editor last name | editor-last editor-last1 editor1-last editor-surname editor-surname1 editor1-surname editor editor1 | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors' | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Editor first name | editor-first editor-first1 editor1-first editor-given editor-given1 editor1-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first' | Unknown | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Editor link | editor-link editor-link1 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link' | ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Type | type | Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Format | format | Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| URL | url URL | The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."
| URL | ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ |
| URL status | url-status | If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to 'dead' if the original URL is broken. If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set to 'deviated'. Set to 'unfit' or 'usurped' if the original URL is no longer suitable (spam, advertising, etc.) which will make the original link not appear at all.
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| URL access level | url-access | Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| URL access date | access-date accessdate | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | Date | ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ |
| Archive URL | archive-url archiveurl | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date' | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Archive date | archive-date archivedate | Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| arXiv identifier | arxiv | An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| ASIN | asin | Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| ASIN TLD | asin-tld | ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Bibcode | bibcode | Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| DOI | doi | Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| DOI broken date | doi-broken-date | The date that the DOI was determined to be broken | Date | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| ISBN | isbn ISBN | International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| ISSN | issn ISSN | International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| jfm code | jfm | Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| JSTOR | jstor | JSTOR identifier | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| LCCN | lccn | Library of Congress Control Number | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| MR | mr | Mathematical Reviews identifier | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| OCLC | oclc | Online Computer Library Center number | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| OL | ol | Open Library identifier | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| OSTI | osti | Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| PMC | pmc | PubMed Center article number | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| PMID | pmid | PubMed Unique Identifier | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| RFC | rfc | Request for Comments number | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| SSRN | ssrn | Social Science Research Network | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Zbl | zbl | Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| id | id | A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Ref | ref | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Postscript | postscript | The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| via | via | Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library)
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Bibcode access level | bibcode-access | If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| DOI access level | doi-access | If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| HDL access level | hdl-access | If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| Jstor access level | jstor-access | If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| OpenLibrary access level | ol-access | If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
| OSTI access level | osti-access | If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.
| String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
See also
This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.