ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ

ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ
ᱪᱷᱮᱨ		ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ
ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ
ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
  • ᱠᱚᱧᱮ
  • ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ
  • ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢ
  • ᱮᱛᱚᱢ
ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱳ ᱖᱓᱙ᱼ᱒ / ᱕dra
ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟᱥᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ49= (phylozone)
ᱜᱞᱚᱴᱴᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽdrav1251[᱑]
ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ

ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ[᱒] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱒ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱢᱚᱲᱚᱭ (ᱠᱳᱴᱤ) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱢᱚᱨᱤᱥᱟᱥ, ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ, ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ, ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ (immigrant) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱼᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱜᱩ, ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱳᱱᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ[᱓] ᱾

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

ᱠᱚᱞᱰᱣᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ "ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱴᱴᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:

ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟ:

  • ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ (ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱛᱩᱞᱩ, ᱥᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ  I)[᱔][᱕]
    • ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ
      • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
        • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
          • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
            • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
              • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
                • ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ, ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ
                • Malayalam languages, including Malayalam
              • Irula
            • Kodava
          • Toda
        • Kota
      • Kannada languages, including Kannada and Badaga
    • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
      • Koraga
      • Tulu
      • Kudiya

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree end

  • South-Central Dravidian (Telugu-Kui, or South Dravidian II)[᱔][᱖]
    • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
    • Telugu languages, including Telugu
    • Gondi-Kui
      • Gondi languages, including Gondi
      • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
        • Konda
        • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
          • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
            • Manda
            • Pengo
          • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
            • Kuvi
            • Kui

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree end

  • Central Dravidian (Kolami–Parji)[᱔][᱖]
    • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
      • Kolami
      • Naiki
    • ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree list/branching
      • Gadaba
        • Ollari
        • Kondekor
      • Duruwa (or Parji)

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree end

  • North Dravidian (Brahui-Kurukh) [᱔][᱗]
    • Kurukh–Malto
      • Kurukh (Oraon, Kisan)
      • Malto (Kumarbhag Paharia, Sauria Paharia)
    • Brahui

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tree end

ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ

  ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱜᱩ (32.6%)
  ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ (29.4%)
  ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱟᱰᱟ (16.6%)
  ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ (14.5%)
  ᱜᱳᱱᱰᱤ (1.2%)
  ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱩᱭ (0.9%)
  ᱛᱩᱞᱩ (0.8%)
  ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ (0.8%)
  ᱵᱮᱭᱟᱨᱤ (0.7%)
  ᱮᱴᱟᱜ (2.5%)

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ

ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

Preview of references

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Dravidian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {cite book}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ "Overview of Dravidian languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  3. ↑ West, Barbara A. (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. p. 713. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7.
  4. ↑ ᱔.᱐ ᱔.᱑ ᱔.᱒ ᱔.᱓ Krishnamurti (2003), p. 21.
  5. ↑ Zvelebil (1990), p. 56.
  6. ↑ ᱖.᱐ ᱖.᱑ Zvelebil (1990), p. 57.
  7. ↑ Zvelebil (1990), p. 58.