18 Julie

The 18t o Julie is the 199t day o the year (200t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 166 days ti come.

Events

• 1290 – Keeng Edward I o Ingland issues the Edict o Expulsion, expellin aw Jews frae Ingland.
• 1389 – Fraunce an Ingland agree tae the Truce o Leulinghem, stairtin the langest pause in fechtin syne the stairt o the Hunder Years' War.
• 1806 – A gunpouder magazine splodes in Birgu, Maltae, killin aroond 200 fowk.
• 1812 – The Treaties o Orebro end The Anglo-Roushie an Anglo-Swadish Wars.
• 1830 – Uruguay gains full unthirldom.
• 1841 – Coronation o Emperor Pedro II o Brazil.
• 1924 – Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" is published.
• 1936 – An airmy uprisin in Spaingie Morocco stairts Spaingie Ceevil War.
• 1942 – Warld War II: The Unitit States declares war on Hungary, Bulgarie an Romanie.
• 1944 – Warld War II: Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime meenister o Japan acause o numerous setbacks in the war effort.
• 1968 – Intel is foondit.
• 1976 – Nadia Comăneci acame the first person in Olympic Gemmes history tae score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Simmer Olympics.
• 1984 – 21 fowk are shot deed at a fast fuid restaurant in San Ysidro, San Diego, Californie; the gunman is later shot an kilt bi the polis.
• 1992 – Neil Kinnock demits as leader o the UK Labour Pairty.
• 1994 – A bomb attack on the Jewish Centre in Buenos Aires, Argentinae, kills 85 fowk.
• 1995 – On the Caribbean island o Montserrat, the Soufrière Hills volcanae erupts. Ower the course o several years, it devastates the island, destroyin the caipital an forcin maist o the population tae flee.
• 2000 – Alex Salmond demits at the end o his first stint as Heidsman o the Scots Naitional Pairty.
• 2000 – Elizabeth II opens the new Breetish Embassy in Berlin, Germany.
• 2007 – "The Elders", an influential group o elder poleetical leaders, is foondit tae mairk Nelson Mandela's 89nt birthday.
• 2013 – The ceety o Detroit, Michigan, Unitit States, files for bankruptcy.
• 2019 – An arson attack on an animation studio in Kyoto, Japan, kills 34 fowk.
• 2020 – A fire at Nantes Cathedral in Fraunce destroys its famous organ; the polis suspect arson.

Births

• 1501 – Isabel o Austrick (d. 1526)
• 1552 – Rudolf II, Haly Roman Emperor (d. 1612)
• 1837 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarie revolutionar (d. 1873)
• 1853 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch pheesicist (d. 1928)
• 1887 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian sodger an politeecian, Meenister Preses o Norawa (d. 1945)
• 1892 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian fitbawer (d. 1969)
• 1895 – Tully Craig, Scots fitbawer (d. 1963)
• 1900 – Nathalie Sarraute, French lawyer an author (d. 1999)
• 1909 – William Julius Eggeling, Scots forester, botanist an naituralist (d. 1994)
• 1909 – Andrei Gromyko, Belaroushie-Soviet politeecian (d. 1989)
• 1918 – Nelson Mandela, Sooth African lawyer an politeecian, 1st Preses o Sooth Africae, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
• 1921 – John Glenn, American astronaut an politeecian (d. 2016)
• 1922 – Thomas Kuhn, American pheesicist, historian an philosopher o science (d. 1996)
• 1927 – Kurt Masur, German conductor (d. 2015)
• 1932 – Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Roushie poet (d. 2017)
• 1938 – Paul Verhoeven, Dutch film director
• 1950 – Richard Branson, Inglis businessman
• 1951 – Elio Di Rupo, Belgian politeecian
• 1961 – Davie Irons, Scots fitbawer an manager
• 1961 – Elizabeth McGovern, American actress
• 1967 – Vin Diesel, American actor an filmmaker
• 1968 – Jonathan Gould, Scots fitbawer an coach
• 1971 – Sarah McLeod, New Zealand actress
• 1975 – M.I.A., Inglis rapper an muisicker
• 1980 – Kristen Bell, American actress
• 1982 – Priyanka Chopra, Indie actress
• 1993 – Nabil Fekir, French fitbawer

Daiths

• 1610 – Caravaggio, Italian penter (b. 1571)
• 1817 – Jane Austen, Inglis writer (b. 1775)
• 1872 – Benito Juarez, Preses o Mexico (b. 1806)
• 1968 – Corneille Heymans, Belgian pheesiologist (b. 1892)
• 2004 – George Farm, Scots fitbawer (b. 1924)
• 2009 – Henry Allingham, Inglis Warld War I veteran (b. 1896)
• 2018 – Burton Richter, American pheesicist (b. 1931)

Halidays

• Nelson Mandela Day
• Constitution Day (Uruguay)