Template:Infobox carbon

Carbon, ₆C

Graphite (left) an diamont (richt), twa allotropes o caurbon
Carbon
Appearance	clear (diamond) & black (graphite)
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(C)	[7001120096000000000♠12.0096, 7001120116000000000♠12.0116] conventional: 7001120110000000000♠12.011
Carbon in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium - ↑ C ↓ Si boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Atomic nummer (Z)	6
Group	group 14 (caurbon group)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Element category	Reactive nonmetal
Electron confeeguration	[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell	2, 4
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Sublimation pynt	3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	amorphous:[1] 1.8–2.1 g/cm3 diamond: 3.515 g/cm3 graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
Treeple pynt	4600 K, ​10800[2][3] kPa
Heat o fusion	117 (graphite) kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	6.155 (diamond) 8.517 (graphite) J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[4] +2, +3,[5] +4[6] (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.55
Ionisation energies	(more)
Covalent radius	77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm
Spectral lines o carbon
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	​diamond cubic (diamond, clear)
Speed o soond thin rod	18350 (diamond) m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	0.8 (diamond)[7] µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	900-2300 (diamond) 119-165 (graphite) W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic[8]
Young's modulus	1050 (diamond)[7] GPa
Shear modulus	478 (diamond)[7] GPa
Bulk modulus	442 (diamond)[7] GPa
Poisson ratio	0.1 (diamond)[7]
Mohs haurdness	10 (diamond) 1-2 (graphite)
CAS Nummer	7440-44-0
History
Diskivery	Egyptians an Sumerians[9] (3750 BC)
Recognized as an element bi	Antoine Lavoisier[10] (1789)
Main isotopes o carbon
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 11C syn 20 min β+ 11B 12C 98.9% stable 13C 1.1% stable 14C trace 5730 y β− 14N
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Check temperaturs C: na inpit for C, K, F.

Check temperaturs C: na inpit for C, K, F.

1. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
2. ↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
3. ↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
4. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
5. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
6. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 6 December 2007.
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
8. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
9. ↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
10. ↑ Senese, Fred (200-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24. Check date values in: |date= (help)
11. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
12. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
13. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 6 December 2007.