وچ ايشيا

وچ ايشيا
Central Asia
پکيڙ 4٬003٬451 km2 (1٬545٬741 sq mi)
آبادي 75,897,577 (2021) (16th)[1][2]
گھاٽائي 17.43 /km2 (45.1 /sq mi)
جي ڊي پي (ناليوار) 446 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر (2023ع)[3]
جي ڊي پي (مساوي قوت خريد) 12 کرب پنجاهه ارب آمريڪي ڊالر (1.25 ٽريلين (2023ع)[3]
جي ڊي پي (في ماڻھو) 5,900 امريڪي ڊالر (2023ع، عمومي)[3]
$16,400 (2023; PPP)[3]
ايڇ ڊي آء 0.779 (high)
آبادي جي سڃاڻپ وچ ايشيائي
ملڪ
ٻوليون ازبڪ • ايغور • تاجڪ • ترڪمان • ڊنگان • روسي • قازق • ڪاراڪالپڪ • ڪوريو-مار • ڪرغز • منگولي ۽ ٻيون
ٽائيم زون
انٽرنيٽ ڊومين .kg, .kz, .tj, .tm, .uz
وڏا شھر

وچ ايشيا (Central Asia) ايشيا ۾ هڪ علائقو آهي جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه ۾ ڪيسپئن سمنڊ، اتر اولهه ۾ يورپي روس، اوڀر ۾ چين ۽ منگوليا،[4] ڏکڻ ۾ افغانستان ۽ ايران ۽ اتر ۾ سائبيريا سان جڙيل آهي. ان ۾ قازقستان، ڪرغزستان، تاجڪستان، ترڪمانستان ۽ ازبڪستان شامل آهن.[5] اسلام کان اڳ ۽ ابتدائي اسلامي دور ۾ وچ ايشيا ۾ اڪثر ايراني ماڻهو آباد هئا، جن جي آبادي مشرقي ايراني ڳالهائيندڙ باخترين، سغدين، چورامين ۽ نيم خانه بدوش سئٿيئن ۽ داها جي آبادي هئي. ترڪ لڏپلاڻ جي نتيجي ۾، وچ ايشيا پڻ قازق، ڪرغز، تاتار، ترڪمان، ايغور ۽ ازبڪ لاء وطن بڻجي ويو. ترڪ ٻولين گهڻو ڪري علائقي ۾ ڳالهائيندڙ ايراني ٻولين کي تبديل ڪيو.

سواء تاجڪستان ۽ انهن علائقن جي جتي تاجڪ ڳالهايو وڃي ٿو. ريشم روڊ واپاري رستا وچ ايشيا مان گذرندا هئا، جنهن جي ڪري خوشحال واپاري شهرن جو عروج ٿيو. يورپ ۽ ڏور اوڀر جي وچ ۾ ماڻهن، سامان، ۽ خيالن جي تحريڪ لاء هڪ سنگم طور ڪم ڪري رهيو آهي. وچ ايشيا جا اڪثر ملڪ اڃا تائين دنيا جي معيشت جا حصا آهن. 19 صدي جي وچ کان وٺي 20 صدي جي آخر تائين، وچ ايشيا کي روسين طرفان نوآبادي بڻايو ويو، ۽ روسي سلطنت ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو، ۽ بعد ۾ سوويت يونين.

Central Asia is a region of Asia bounded by the Caspian Sea to the southwest, European Russia to the northwest, China and Mongolia to the east, Afghanistan and Iran to the south, and Siberia to the north. It includes Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.[6] The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan" (meaning 'land') in both respective native languages and most other languages.

In the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras (ت. 1000 and earlier) Central Asia was inhabited predominantly by Iranian peoples,[7][8] populated by Eastern Iranian-speaking Bactrians, Sogdians, Chorasmians, and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Dahae. As the result of Turkic migration, Central Asia also became the homeland for the Kazakhs, Kyrgyzs, Tatars, Turkmens, Uyghurs, and Uzbeks; Turkic languages largely replaced the Iranian languages spoken in the area, with the exception of Tajikistan and areas where Tajik is spoken.

The Silk Road trade routes crossed through Central Asia, leading to the rise of prosperous trade cities.[9][10] acting as a crossroads for the movement of people, goods, and ideas between Europe and the Far East.[11][12][13] Most countries in Central Asia are still integral to parts of the world economy.[14]

From the mid-19th century until near the end of the 20th century, Central Asia was colonised by the Russians, and incorporated into the Russian Empire, and later the Soviet Union, which led to Russians and other Slavs migrating into the area. Modern-day Central Asia is home to a large population of European settlers, who mostly live in Kazakhstan: 7 million Russians, 500,000 Ukrainians,[15][16][17] and about 170,000 Germans.[18] During the Stalinist period, the forced deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union resulted in a population of over 300,000 Koreans in the region.[19]

Central Asia has a population of about 72 million, in five countries: Kazakhstan (18 million), Kyrgyzstan (6 million), Tajikistan (9 million), Turkmenistan (6 million), and Uzbekistan (35 million).[20]

وچ ايشيا (Central Asia) ايشيا ۾ هڪ علائقو آهي جيڪو اولهه ۾ ڪيسپئن سمنڊ کان وٺي چين ۽ اوڀر ۾ منگوليا، ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ افغانستان ۽ ايران کان وٺي اتر ۾ روس تائين پکڙيل آهي.

حوالا

  1. ↑ "World Population prospects – Population division". United Nations. وقت 5 February 2019 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2019.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  2. ↑ "Overall total population". United Nations. وقت 18 February 2020 تي اصل (xlsx) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 16 July 2019.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023". International Monetary Fund. 
  4. ↑ "Mongolia". Encyclopædia Britannica. وقت 8 June 2020 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 21 January 2022.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  5. ↑ "Central Asia". Encyclopædia Britannica. وقت 7 November 2020 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 21 January 2022.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  6. ↑ "Central Asia". Encyclopædia Britannica. وقت 7 November 2020 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 21 January 2022.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  7. ↑ سانچو:Encyclopaedia Iranica
  8. ↑ C. E. Bosworth, "The Appearance of the Arabs in Central Asia under the Umayyads and the establishment of Islam", in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting, edited by M. S. Asimov and C. E. Bosworth. Multiple History Series. Paris: Motilal Banarsidass Publ./UNESCO Publishing, 1999. excerpt from page 23: "Central Asia in the early seventh century, was ethnically, still largely an Iranian land whose people used various Middle Iranian languages.".
  9. ↑ "The Great Silk Roads". Silk Roads Programme. UNESCO. حاصل ڪيل 2024-05-16. 
  10. ↑ Taseer, Aatish (2020-05-11). "In Uzbekistan, Coming to Terms With the Country's Dazzling History". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/11/t-magazine/uzbekistan-history-silk-road.html. 
  11. ↑ Adela C. Y. Lee. "Travelers on the Silk Road". وقت 25 May 2017 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 14 November 2014.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  12. ↑ Ta'lim Primary 6 Parent and Teacher Guide (p. 72) – Islamic Publications Limited for the Institute of Ismaili Studies London
  13. ↑ Phillips, Andrew; James, Paul (2013). "National Identity between Tradition and Reflexive Modernisation: The Contradictions of Central Asia". National Identities 3 (1): 23–35. doi:10.1080/14608940020028475. https://www.academia.edu/2832538. Retrieved 13 December 2017. "In Central Asia the collision of modernity and tradition led all but the most deracinated of the intellectuals-clerics to seek salvation in reconstituted variants of traditional identities rather than succumb to the modern European idea of nationalism. The inability of the elites to form a united front, as demonstrated in the numerous declarations of autonomy by different authorities during the Russian civil war, paved the way, in the early 1920s for the Soviet re-conquest of the Central Asia in the early 1920s.". 
  14. ↑ Frankopan, Peter (March 2017). The Silk Roads: A New History of the World (First Vintage Books ed.). New York: Vintage Books. pp. xv-xvi. ISBN 978-1-101-94633-6. 
  15. ↑ Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 16 March 2010 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.. Demoscope.ru. Retrieved on 29 July 2013.
  16. ↑ "5.01.00.03 Национальный состав населения" (PDF). وقت 6 February 2009 تي اصل (PDF) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. 
  17. ↑ Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا 7 August 2011 حوالو موجود آهي وي بيڪ مشين.. Demoscope.ru (20 January 2000). Retrieved on 29 July 2013.
  18. ↑ Trochev, Alexei, Horne, Cynthia M.; Stan, Lavinia, وڪي نويس., "Transitional Justice Attempts in Kazakhstan", Transitional Justice and the Former Soviet Union (Cambridge University Press), صفحا. 88–108, ISBN 978-1-108-18217-1, doi:10.1017/9781108182171.005, وقت 10 April 2023 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل, حاصل ڪيل 4 December 2020  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  19. ↑ "Central Asia's Koreans in Korea: There and (Mostly) Back Again". openDemocracy. وقت 9 January 2021 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 12 August 2021.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  20. ↑ "Демографическая ситуация" (PDF). Statistika qo'mitasi. Retrieved 19 March 2019.