Bengali–Assamese languages

Historical background of the creation of Bengali language and Assamese language:

West Bengal, the gateway to eastern India, has an ancient history. Historical records of the state of West Bengal include the Maurya, Gupta and Mughal eras and the Pundra, Pala and Sena dynasties. The earliest parts of the history of West Bengal are recorded as belonging to the Vedic period when the state was inhabited by countless people of various origins and ethnicities. The kingdom was ruled by a number of chieftains during the epic Mahabharata period and was ruled by the Aryas during the later Vedic period.

In 551 BC Mahajanapada Banga, Mahabharata Anga, Banga and Kalinga kingdoms are mentioned as kingdoms close to Bharatvarsha or ancient India. Civilization in Greater Bengal dates back to 4,000 years ago. During this period Dravidian, Tibeto-Burmese and Arasu-Asiatic ethnic groups came and settled in the region. The actual origin of the word Banga or Bangla is unknown. However, it is believed that the region was named after the Dravidian-speaking "Bong" ethnic group who settled in the region around 1000 BC. In 551 BC Mahajanapada Banga, Mahabharata Anga, Banga and Kalinga kingdoms are mentioned as kingdoms close to Bharatvarsha or ancient India. Civilization in Greater Bengal dates back to 4,000 years ago. During this period Dravidian, Tibeto-Burmese and Astro-Assiatic ethnic groups came and settled in the region. The actual origin of the word Banga or Bangla is unknown. However, it is believed that the region was named after the Dravidian-speaking "Bong" ethnic group who settled in the region around 1000 BC. Greek sources mention the existence of a region called Gangaridai around 100 BC. It is probably one of the earliest references to Bengal in foreign literature. The word Gangaridai is believed to be a corruption of Gangahrid (ie, the region in which the Ganges flows through its heart). In the seventh century BC, the kingdom of Magadha was formed with the territory of Bengal and Bihar. The kingdom of Magadha, a conglomeration of several Mahajanapadas, was one of the four principal kingdoms of India during the time of Mahavira and Gautama Buddha. During the reign of the Maurya dynasty almost the whole of South Asia was included in the Magadha Empire. During the reign of Mahamati Ashoka, the greatest hero of this empire in the 3rd century BC, Afghanistan and parts of Persia were also included in this empire.

In ancient times, Bengal had foreign trade relations with Java, Sumatra and Syamadesh (modern Thailand). According to the Buddhist scripture Mahavamsa, a Bengal prince named Vijay Singha conquered Lanka (modern day Sri Lanka) and renamed the country Sinhala. The inhabitants of ancient Bengal went to the Malay Islands and Syamadesh and established their colonies there.

Research on the origin of Bengali language has been going on for many years now, the fact that has emerged through modern research is that two languages have been created directly from Banga-Kamrupi: 1) Bengali, 2) Assamese. But from where this Banga-Kamrupi language came, it should be known.

One important point needs to be mentioned here, that is - "Pundrabardhan" area, we all know that there was a very prosperous kingdom called Pundrabardhan in ancient India. Parts of that kingdom later came to be known as Barendrabhumi and even later as Gaur. We all know from history that the ruler of ancient prosperous Pundrabardhan was Poundra Kshatriya. These Poundra Kshatriyas were defeated by the Magadha king Mahapadmananda in the 4th century AD and took refuge in Western Kamrup (Kamrup Ratnapith), Nepal and Orissa. So still living in Sambalpur area of Orissa state and the language is also Rajvanshi. As a result, the language of Poundra Kshatriya people (Gouri Prakrit or Magadhi Prakrit) (300-200BC) spread and mixed with the languages of those places to create new languages. The Pundra Apabhramsa (Gouri Apabhramsa or Magadhi Apabhrasa) language (400–600AD) was formed due to the mixing of this Poundra language with other languages.)

After this Apabhramsa language evolved from 1) Bihari (Maithili), 2) Old Oriya, 3) Banga-Kamrupi / Banga-Assomiya (Western Kamrupi / Rajbanshi) (500AD).

As a result of the migration of Brahmins to Gauda, the language of North India, Maithili language and the language of Magadha combined with the local language of Gauda (the language of the Pundras) to form Bengali. It should be noted here - Bhaskar Bama occupied Gauda and gave land to the Brahmins in large numbers. Maithili gave land to Brahmin as Kama. Later, a large number of these Brahmins migrated to East Bengal and Rarbanga.

This was followed by the amalgamation of “Banga-Kamrupi + Maithili + North Indian language to form the Bangla language" and the amalgamation of “Banga-Kamrupi + Maithili + Eastern Kamrupi + Bhotchinyo to form the Assamese language.”

Among Bengali linguists, some linguists identified Kamarupi language and Barendri language as dialects of Bengali. That has been followed till now. But later modern native and foreign linguists, through modern research, have succeeded in proving that Kamarupi language and Barendri language are not dialects of Bengali language. Modern linguists have not only succeeded in proving, they have also proved that Kamarupi and Barendri are the same language.

Earlier linguists identified the language as Bengali-Kamrupi / Bengali-Assamese, modern linguists identify the Bengali-Kamrupi / Bengali-Assameselanguage as Rajbanshi / Kamtapuri language.

According to Prove linguists, two languages arose directly from Bengali-Kamrupi / Bengali-Assamese language. 1) Bengali language and 2) Assamese language. Meanwhile, modern linguists have proved that the Bengali-Kamrupi language is Rajbanshi / Kamtapuri language.

So based on the evidence of modern linguists, it has to be accepted that Kamarupi language and Barendri language are not dialects of Bengali language. It should be remembered here that the Kamarupi language is the Rajbanshi / Kamtapuri language and the Barendri language is the Pundravadhana language. The Pundrakshatriyas are the present-day royal Kshatriya caste. We all know the history of this royal Kshatriya nation. But as a result of the change of religion, Rajbanshi caste is now divided into Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, Christian sects. But the language is the same.

If this is the case, then it proves that the Rajvanshi/Kamtapuri/Barendri language is the mother of Bengali and Assamese languages.

The important thing here is that if you know the Western Kamrupi (Rajbanshi) language, you can understand and speak Bengali, Oriya, Maithili, Hindi, Nepali, Assamese very easily and with a little effort.

But the two languages that have contributed the most to the creation of this Bengali language are 1) Maithili language and 2) Western Kamrupi (Rajbanshi) language. But the creation of this beautiful Bengali language would not have happened, if Maharaja Bhaskar Bama of Kamrup in the seventh century was a strong political Don't decide. His decision allowed Maithili and Pundra Gana languages to merge. Otherwise we would not be able to speak Bengali today.

During the rule of the Buddhist Pala kings, there were not so many social barriers in terms of association, manners and customs between different classes, but during the Sena kings, who were early supporters of Brahmanism, these barriers existed strongly. As a result, the distance between different classes of people increases. The rise of the lower and lower classes in the society became increasingly evident.

After the advent of Islam in India, Islam spread in the Bengal region as well. A Turkish general of the slave dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate named Bakhtiyar Khalji defeated the last Sen Raja Lakshmanasena and took possession of a large area of Bengal. For several centuries the region was ruled by sultanate dynasties or feudal lords subordinate to the Delhi Sultanate.

In the 16th century, Mughal general Islam Khan conquered Bengal. However, the royal court of the Mughal Empire gave semi-independence to the rulers of Suba Bengal in terms of governance. The administration of this region was entrusted to the Nawabs of Murshidabad. The Nawabs were also respectful of the Mughal sovereignty of Delhi.

The seventh century to the fourteenth century, there was no administration of Bengal in Northeast India and there was no Bengali language. The present boundaries are: North Bengal, East Bihar, East Nepal, North Bangladesh and North East India. How then Charja Pader language is the ancient form of Bengali language? The Charja Pader language is not that similar to the current Bengali language, but the Cha'pader language still has a direct similarity to the current Rajbanshi language, even after more than a thousand years.

Example: “Talot mor ghar, nahi parobeshi.Harit Bhat nai,Niti Abeshi".

European traders arrived in the Bengal region in the late fifteenth century. All these merchants were able to expand their influence in the region. Finally, in 1757, the British East India Company defeated the last independent Nawab of Bengal, Sirajddaula, at the Battle of Palashi. After this, the right to collect the revenue of Suba Bengal was taken over by the company. Bengal Presidency was established in 1765. Gradually all the British-occupied territories from the Ganga-Brahmaputra estuary north of the Central Provinces (present-day Madhya Pradesh) to the Himalayas and the Punjab were included in the Bengal Presidency. Millions of ordinary people died in the 1970s. Calcutta was declared the capital of British India in 1772. Bengal's renaissance and the Brahmo Samaj-centered socio-cultural reform movement had a profound impact on the cultural and economic life of Bengal.

Kamrupi/Rajvanshi language's nimittatha'k anusag' 'bade' (tore bade = for you) is obsolete in Sadhu or Chalit Bengali. But such suffixes are paralleled in other early Magadhi-naturalized languages (compare: Bhojpuri nimittatha'k anusag' 'bade') This suffix may be a reminder of Bengali's kinship with other Magadhi language groups.

A famous verse of Sri Krishna Keet'an 'বন পোড়ে আগ বড়ায়ি জগজনে জানী/মোর মন পোড়ে যেহ্ন কুম্ভারের পনী।'In the words of a North Bengal villager, the following can be heard: "বন পোড়া যায সোগ্গায় দেখে/মন পোড়া যায় কাহয় না জানে।" Just one example suggests that many proverbs and idioms of ancient and Middle Bengal can be found in North Bengal folklore if one searches.

Here the question will arise, how all these medieval language scripts were preserved in Kamrupi / Rajbanshi / Kamtapuri? The answer can be found in the pages of history. Although the Bengali language was prevalent in almost all parts of North-Eastern India, the political separation of Lower and Other Bengal with the North and North-East in the Middle Ages.

At that time, when other parts of Bengal were dominated by Pathan-Mughal and Samantha kings, this place was an integral kingdom. Due to this political disunity, there was a gradual disparity between the two Bengals regarding the development and progress of the language.

The distinct Assamese language was formed by mixing the eastern part of the Bango-Kamrupi / Bong-Assamese / Rajbanshi languages with the Votochinian and Maithili languages.

But even during the medieval period the Rajbanshi/Kamtapuri/Kamrupi language was established as the royal language of the Kamta kingdom. Even before the accession of Cooch Behar state to India.

The letter written in Kamrupi / Rabbanshi / Kamtapuri in 1555 AD by Maharaja Naranarayan of Cooch Behar to Ahomaraja Sagadev Chukamfa is referred to by historians/linguists of Bengali literature as the earliest reference to Bengali prose. Needless to say not only this letter but also other royal letters of Kamta Rajya and Cooch Behar state were written in this Rajbanshi / Kamatapur / Kamarupi language.

It is noteworthy in this context that not only practical letters were written in this Rajbanshi language, but in Kamrup/Kamtapur/Kochbihar, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas were translated into verse, genealogies were written, dramatizations and padabalis were written in this language.

But it is a great pain that this ancient rich Kamarupi language has been rendered obsolete in modern times. It is even more painful that this ancient language is declared a dialect of Bengali. But as the saying goes, "History is never suppressed. It will be revealed one day or another." Even more surprising, the rich literature of the Kamarupi language has been shared among Bengali and Assamese linguists. Just as ancestral property is divided among the heirs. But that usually happens when parents leave their heirs forever. But what has happened with Kamarupi / Rajvanshi language is like beating the living parents out of the house for the greed of property. How accurate this comparison is with language, I can't say but I feel compelled to make the comparison.

As the saying goes, “History speaks”. Now everything is proven through modern research that Kamrupi / Kamtapuri / Rajbanshi / Goalpariya / Rangpuri / Tajpuri / Suryapuri / Barendri / Banga-Kamarupi / Banga-Assamese language, the same language and different names are known in different places.

Even international linguists have proved that “Bengali language and Assamese language” – originated from Banga-Kamrupi / Banga-Assamese / Rajbanshi language”.

So, the Rajbanshi language(Banga-Kamrupi / Banga-Assamese), mother of Bengali language and Assamese language.

Currently Rajbanshi / Kamtapuri language is recognized as official language in West Bengal and Nepal. That is, Rajbanshi language now means international language.

But the modern Bengali language that we use today is associated with many local and foreign languages. Therefore, behind the modern form of Bengali, the most complex language in the world, there are many languages of the world. So from that point of view, Bengali is not only the language of Bengali but also the language of all.-->