معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے سنسکرت

حرف صحیحs
IPA دیوناگری IAST English approximation
[[|b]] ब b about
bʱ भ bh abhor ('h' not silent)
[[|c]] च c chew
cʰ छ ch Churchill (stress on 'h')
[[|d̪]] द d this
d̪ʱ ध dh roughly like old house
[[|ɖ]] ड ḍ roughly like border
ɖʱ ढ ḍh roughly like birdhouse
[[|ɡ]] ग g again
ɡʱ घ gh doghouse
[[|h]] ः ḥ head
ह h
[[|j]] य y yak
[[|d͡ʑ]] ज j juice
d͡ʑʱ झ jh roughly like hedgehog
[[|k]] क k scan
kʰ ख kh can
[[|l]] ल l leaf
[[|m]] म m much
[[|n]] न n tenth
[[|ɳ]] ण ṇ roughly like burnt [1]
[[|ɲ]] ञ ñ roughly like canyon[1]
[[|ŋ]] ङ ṅ bank [1]
[[|p]] प p span
pʰ फ ph pot
r र r three (Scottish English)
[[|s]] स s sue
[[|ʂ]] ष ṣ roughly like shtick
[[|ʃ]] श ś sheep
[[|t̪]] त t thrill (Scottish English)
t̪ʰ थ th roughly like math
[[|ʈ]] ट ṭ roughly like curt
ʈʰ ठ ṭh roughly like courthouse
[[|ʋ]] व v between wine and vine
مصوتs [1][2]
IPA دیوناگری IAST English approximation
[[|ə]] अ, प a quota
aː आ, पा ā bra
[[|eː]] ए, पे e Somewhat like wait
[[|i]] इ, पि i happy
[[|iː]] ई, पी ī feet
l̩ ऌ, पॢ ḷ Syllabic ‹l›: bottle
l̩ː ॡ, पॣ ḹ Long syllabic ‹l›
[[|oː]] ओ, पो o old (Irish English)
r̩ ऋ, पृ ṛ Syllabic ‹r›: better
r̩ː ॠ, पॄ ṝ Long syllabic ‹r›: bird
[[|u]] उ, पु u look
[[|uː]] ऊ, पू ū loot
əi ऐ, पै ai Somewhat like bail
əu औ, पौ au open (British English)


Other symbols
IPA دیوناگری IAST English equivalent
 ̃ ँ ṃ nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.) [1]
[[|ˈ]] stress
(placed before stressed syllable)

Notes

  1. ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ Vowels may occur nasalized as an allophone of the nasal consonants in certain positions. See anusvara, chandrabindu.
  2. ↑ Sanskrit distinguishes between long and short vowels. Each monophthong has a long and short phoneme. The diphthongs, historically /ai, aːi, au, aːu/, also have a difference in مصوت: /e, əi, o, əu/. Vowels may rarely occur extra-long.

References