Voltaire

Voltaire
Voltaire at 24, by Catherine Lusurier after Nicolas de Largillière's painting
Voltaire at 24, by Catherine Lusurier after Nicolas de Largillière's painting
Natawo François-Marie Arouet
21 Nobyembre 1694
Paris, France
Namatay 30 Mayo 1778 (edad 83)
Paris, France
Ngaran hin pagsurat Voltaire
Trabaho Writer, philosopher, playwright
Nasyonalidad French

Hi François-Marie Arouet (agsob tawagon nga Voltaire) usa nga Franses nga pilosopo. Natawo hiya han 1694 ngan namatay han 1778.

Mga buhat

Mga buhat filosofikal

Elémens de la philosophie de Neuton, 1738
  • Letters concerning the English nation (London, 1733) (French version entitled Lettres philosophiques sur les Anglais, Rouen, 1734), revised as Letters on the English (circa 1778)
  • Le Mondain (1736)
  • Batakan:Wikisourcelang-inline
  • Sept Discours en Vers sur l'Homme (1738)
  • Zadig (1747)
  • Micromégas (1752)
  • Candide (1759)
  • Traité sur la tolérance (1763)
  • Ce qui plaît aux dames (1764)
  • Dictionnaire philosophique (1764)
  • L'Ingénu (1767)
  • La Princesse de Babylone (1768)

Plays

Voltaire wrote between fifty and sixty plays, including a few unfinished ones.[1] Among them are these:

  • Œdipe (1718)
  • Mariamne (1724)
  • Éryphile (1732)
  • Zaïre (1732)
  • Mahomet (1741)
  • Mérope (1743)
  • La princesse de Navarre (1745)
  • Nanine (1749)
  • L'Orphelin de la Chine (1755)[2][3]
  • Socrate (published 1759)
  • Irène (1778)

Makasaysayan

  • History of Charles XII, King of Sweden (1731)
  • The Age of Louis XIV (1751)
  • The Age of Louis XV (1746–1752)
  • Annals of the Empire – Charlemagne, A.D. 742 – Henry VII 1313, Vol. I (1754)
  • Annals of the Empire – Louis of Bavaria, 1315 to Ferdinand II 1631 Vol. II (1754)
  • Essay on the Manners of Nations (or 'Universal History') (1756)
  • History of the Russian Empire Under Peter the Great (Vol. I 1759; Vol. II 1763)
  • History of the Parliament of Paris (1769)[4]

Pinanbasaran

  1. ↑ Dates of the first performance, unless otherwise noted. Garreau, Joseph E. (1984). "Voltaire", vol. 5, pp. 113–117, in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama, Stanley Hochman, editor in chief. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780070791695.
  2. ↑ Liu, Wu-Chi (1953). "The Original Orphan of China". Comparative Literature. 5 (3): 206–207. JSTOR 1768912.
  3. ↑ This is an adaptation of the famous Chinese play The Orphan of Zhao, based on historical events in the Spring and Autumn period.
  4. ↑ "HugeDomains.com - Voltaire-Integral.com is for Sale". Voltaire-Integral. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 12 Mayo 2012. Ginkuhà 6 Hunyo 2014.

Padugang nga barasahon

  • App, Urs. The Birth of Orientalism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010 (hardcover, ISBN 978-0-8122-4261-4); contains a 60-page chapter (pp. 15–76) on Voltaire as a pioneer of Indomania and his use of fake Indian texts in anti-Christian propaganda.
  • Besterman, Theodore, Voltaire, (1969).
  • Brumfitt, J. H. Voltaire: Historian (1958) online edition
  • Davidson, Ian, Voltaire. A Life, London, Profile Books, 2010. ISBN 978-1-60598-287-8
  • Durant, Will, The Story of Civilization. Vol. IX: The Age of Voltaire. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965.
  • Gay, Peter, Voltaire's Politics, The Poet as Realist, Yale University, 1988.
  • Hadidi, Djavâd, Voltaire et l'Islam, Publications Orientalistes de France, 1974. ISBN 978-2-84161-510-0
  • Knapp, Bettina L. Voltaire Revisited (2000)
  • Mason, Haydn, Voltaire, A Biography (1981) ISBN 978-0-8018-2611-5
  • McElroy, Wendy (2008). "Voltaire (1694–1778)". Ha Hamowy, Ronald (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE; Cato Institute. pp. 521–2. ISBN. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.
  • Muller, Jerry Z., 2002. The Mind and the Market: Capitalism in Western Thought. Anchor Books. 978-0385721660
  • Pearson, Roger, 2005. Voltaire Almighty: a life in pursuit of freedom. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-58234-630-4. pp. 447
  • Quinones, Ricardo J. Erasmus and Voltaire: Why They Still Matter (University of Toronto Press; 2010) 240 pages; Draws parallels between the two thinkers as voices of moderation with relevance today.
  • Schwarzbach, Bertram Eugene, Voltaire's Old Testament Criticism, Librairie Droz, Geneva, 1971.
  • Torrey, Norman L., The Spirit of Voltaire, Columbia University Press, 1938.
  • Vernon, Thomas S. (1989). "Chapter V: Voltaire". Great Infidels. M & M Pr. ISBN 0-943099-05-6. http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/voltvern.htm.  Ginhipos 8 Pebrero 2001 han Wayback Machine
  • Wade, Ira O. (1967). Studies on Voltaire. New York: Russell & Russell. https://archive.org/details/studiesonvoltair0000unse. 
  • Wright, Charles Henry Conrad, A History of French Literature, Oxford University Press, 1912.
  • "The Cambridge Companion to Voltaire", ed by Nicholas Cronk, 2009.

Ha Frinanses

  • Pomeau, René La Religion de Voltaire, Librairie Nizet, Paris, 1974.
  • Valérie Crugten-André, La vie de Voltaire [1]

Primarya nga kuruhaan

  • Morley, J., The Works of Voltaire, A Contemporary Version, (21 vol 1901), online edition Ginhipos 27 Hulyo 2011 han Wayback Machine

Mga sumpay ha gawas

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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Voltaire.