Ìgbà Ìbíniàtijọ́
Ìgbà Ìbíniàtijọ́
Ìgbà Ìbíniàtijọ́ 65.5–23.03 ẹgbẹgbẹ̀rún ọdun sẹ́yìn
Fáìlì:Paleogene-EoceneGlobal.jpg
Mean atmospheric O2 content over period duration
ca. 26 Vol %[ 1] (130 % of modern level)
Mean atmospheric CO2 content over period duration
ca. 500 ppm[ 2] (2 times pre-industrial level)
Mean surface temperature over period duration
ca. 18 °C[ 3] (4 °C above modern level)
Àdàkọ:Ìgbà Ìbíniàtijọ́ graphical timeline
The Paleogene (alternatively Palæogene , informally Lower Tertiary ) is a geologic period and system that began 65.5 ± 0.3 and ended 23.03 ± 0.05 million years ago and comprises the first part of the Cenozoic Era.[ 4] Lasting 42 million years, the Paleogene is most notable as being the time in which mammals evolved from relatively small, simple forms into a large group of diverse animals in the wake of the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event that ended the preceding Cretaceous Period. Some of these mammals would evolve into large forms that would dominate the land, while others would become capable of living in marine , specialized terrestrial and even airborne environments. Birds also evolved considerably during this period, changing into roughly modern forms. Most other branches of life on earth remained relatively unchanged in comparison to birds and mammals during this period. Some continental motion took place. Climates cooled somewhat over the duration of the Paleogene and inland seas retreated from North America early in the period.
Itokasi
Paleogene Period
Paleocene Epoch
Eocene Epoch
Oligocene Epoch
Danian | Selandian Thanetian
Ypresian | Lutetian Bartonian | Priabonian
Rupelian | Chattian
Geologic history of Earth
In left column are eons; right column: bold are eras; not bold are periods:
Hadean(4.57 – 4 Gya) (informal)
Archean(4 – 2.5 Gya) Eoarchean (4 – 3.6 Gya) Paleoarchean (3.6 – 3.2 Gya) Mesoarchean (3.2 – 2.8 Gya) Neoarchean (2.8 – 2.5 Gya)
Proterozoic(2.5 Gya – 542 Mya) Paleoproterozoic (2.5 – 1.6 Gya) : Siderian (2.5 – 2.3 Gya) · Rhyacian (2.3 – 2.05 Gya) · Orosirian (2.05 – 1.8 Gya) · Statherian (1.8 – 1.6 Gya)Mesoproterozoic (1.6 – 1 Gya) : Calymmian (1.6 – 1.4 Gya) · Ectasian (1.4 – 1.2 Gya) · Stenian (1.2 – 1 Gya)Neoproterozoic (1 Gya – 542 Mya) : Tonian (1 Gya – 850 Mya) · Cryogenian (850 – 635 Mya) · Ediacaran (635 – 542 Mya)
Mya = millions years ago. Gya = billions years ago.
Phanerozoic (542 – 0 Mya)
In horizontal bars are eras; in left column are periods; right column: bold are epochs; not bold not italic are ages; italic are chrons:
Terreneuvian (542 – 521 Mya) : Fortunian (542 – 528 Mya) · Age 2* (528 – 521 Mya) Epoch 2* (521 – 510 Mya) : Age 3* (521 – 515 Mya) · Age 4* (515 – 510 Mya) Epoch 3* (510 – 499 Mya) : Age 5* (510 – 506.5 Mya) · Drumian (506.5 – 503 Mya) · Guzhangian (503 – 499 Mya)Furongian (499 – 488.3 Mya) : Paibian (499 – 496 Mya) · Age 9* (496 – 492 Mya) · Age 10* (492 – 488.3 Mya)
Early Ordovician (488.3 – 471.8 Mya) : Tremadocian (488.3 – 478.6 Mya) · Floian (478.6 – 471.8 Mya)Middle Ordovician (471.8 – 460.9 Mya) : Dapingian (471.8 – 468.1 Mya) · Darriwilian (468.1 – 460.9 Mya)Late Ordovician (460.9 – 443.7 Mya) : Sandbian (460.9 – 455.8 Mya) · Katian (455.8 – 445.6 Mya) · Hirnantian (445.6 – 443.7 Mya)
Llandovery (443.7 – 428.2 Mya) : Rhuddanian (443.7 – 439 Mya) · Aeronian (439 – 436 Mya) · Telychian (436 – 428.2 Mya)Wenlock (428.2 – 422.9 Mya) : Sheinwoodian (428.2 – 426.2 Mya) · Homerian (426.2 – 422.9 Mya)Ludlow (422.9 – 418.7 Mya) : Gorstian (422.9 – 421.3 Mya) · Ludfordian (421.3 – 418.7 Mya)Pridoli (418.7 – 416 Mya)
Early Devonian (416 – 397.5 Mya) : Lochkovian (416 – 411.2 Mya) · Pragian (411.2 – 407 Mya) · Emsian (407 – 397.5 Mya)Middle Devonian (397.5 – 385.3 Mya) : Eifelian (397.5 – 391.8 Mya) · Givetian (391.8 – 385.3 Mya)Late Devonian (385.3 – 359.2 Mya) : Frasnian (385.3 – 374.5 Mya) · Famennian (374.5 – 359.2 Mya)
Mississippian (359.2 – 318.1 Mya) : Tournaisian / Early Mississippian (359.2 – 345.3 Mya) · Viséan / Middle Mississippian (345.3 – 328.3 Mya) · Serpukhovian / Late Mississippian (328.3 – 318.1 Mya)Pennsylvanian (318.1 – 299 Mya) : Bashkirian / Early Pennsylvanian (318.1 – 311.7 Mya) · Moscovian / Middle Pennsylvanian (311.7 – 307.2 Mya) · Late Pennsylvanian (307.2 – 299 Mya) : Kasimovian (307.2 – 303.4 Mya) · Gzhelian (303.4 – 299 Mya)
Cisuralian (299 – 270.6 Mya) : Asselian (299 – 294.6 Mya) · Sakmarian (294.6 – 284.4 Mya) · Artinskian (284.4 – 275.6 Mya) · Kungurian (275.6 – 270.6 Mya)Guadalupian (270.6 – 260.4 Mya) : Roadian (270.6 – 268 Mya) · Wordian (268 – 265.8 Mya) · Capitanian (265.8 – 260.4 Mya)Lopingian (260.4 – 251 Mya) : Wuchiapingian (260.4 – 253.8 Mya) · Changhsingian (253.8 – 251 Mya)
Mesozoic (251 – 65.5 Mya)
Early Triassic (251 – 245.9 Mya) : Induan (251 – 249.5 Mya) · Olenekian (249.5 – 245.9 Mya)Middle Triassic (245.9 – 228.7 Mya) : Anisian (245.9 – 237 Mya) · Ladinian (237 – 228.7 Mya)Late Triassic (228.7 – 199.6 Mya) : Carnian (228.7 – 216.5 Mya) · Norian (216.5 – 203.6 Mya) · Rhaetian (203.6 – 199.6 Mya)
Early Jurassic (199.6 – 175.6 Mya) : Hettangian (199.6 – 196.5 Mya) · Sinemurian (196.5 – 189.6 Mya) · Pliensbachian (189.6 – 183 Mya) · Toarcian (183 – 175.6 Mya)Middle Jurassic (175.6 – 161.2 Mya) : Aalenian (175.6 – 171.6 Mya) · Bajocian (171.6 – 167.7 Mya) · Bathonian (167.7 – 164.7 Mya) · Callovian (164.7 – 161.2 Mya)Late Jurassic (161.2 – 145.5 Mya) : Oxfordian (161.2 – 155.6 Mya) · Kimmeridgian (155.6 – 150.8 Mya) · Tithonian (150.8 – 145.5 Mya)
Early Cretaceous (145.5 – 99.6 Mya) : Berriasian (145.5 – 140.2 Mya) · Valanginian (140.2 – 133.9 Mya) · Hauterivian (133.9 – 130 Mya) · Barremian (130 – 125 Mya) · Aptian (125 – 112 Mya) · Albian (112 – 99.6 Mya)Late Cretaceous (99.6 – 65.5 Mya) : Cenomanian (99.6 – 93.6 Mya) · Turonian (93.6 – 88.6 Mya) · Coniacian (88.6 – 85.8 Mya) · Santonian (85.8 – 83.5 Mya) · Campanian (83.5 – 70.6 Mya) · Maastrichtian (70.6 – 65.5 Mya)
Cenozoic (65.5 – 0 Mya)
Paleocene (65.5 – 55.8 Mya) : Danian (65.5 – 61.1 Mya) · Selandian (61.1 – 58.7 Mya) · Thanetian (58.7 – 55.8 Mya)Eocene (55.8 – 33.9 Mya) : Ypresian (55.8 – 48.6 Mya) · Lutetian (48.6 – 40.4 Mya) · Bartonian (40.4 – 37.2 Mya) · Priabonian (37.2 – 33.9 Mya)Oligocene (33.9 – 23.03 Mya) : Rupelian (33.9 – 28.4 Mya) · Chattian (28.4 – 23.03 Mya)
Miocene (23.03 – 5.332 Mya) : Aquitanian (23.03 – 20.43 Mya) · Burdigalian (20.43 – 15.97 Mya) · Langhian (15.97 – 13.82 Mya) · Serravallian (13.82 – 11.608 Mya) · Tortonian (11.608 – 7.246 Mya) · Messinian (7.246 – 5.332 Mya)Pliocene (5.332 – 2.588 Mya) : Piacenzian (5.332 – 3.6 Mya) · Zanclean (3.6 – 2.588 Mya)
Quaternary(2.588 – 0 Mya)
Pleistocene (2.588 Mya – 11.4 kya) : Gelasian (2.588 – 1.806 Mya) · Calabrian (1.806 Mya – 781 kya) · Middle Pleistocene / Ionian (781 – 126 kya) · Late Pleistocene / Tarantian (126 – 11.4 kya): Oldest Dryas* (18 – 14.67 kya) · Bølling* (14.67 – 14 kya) · Older Dryas* (14 – 13.7 kya) · Allerød* (13.7 – 12.8 kya) · Younger Dryas* (12.8 – 11.4 kya) Holocene (11.4 – 0 kya) : Preboreal* (11.4 – 9 kya) · Boreal* (9 – 8 kya) · Atlantic* (8 – 5 kya) · Subboreal* (5 – 2.5 kya) · Subatlantic* (2.5 – 0 kya)
kya = thousands years ago. Mya = millions years ago. * Not officially recognized by the I.C.S.
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