Ìgbà Ẹlẹ́fun
Ìgbà Ẹlẹ́fun 145.5–65.5 ẹgbẹgbẹ̀rún ọdun sẹ́yìn
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Mean atmospheric O2 content over period duration
ca. 30 Vol %[1] (150 % of modern level)
Mean atmospheric CO2 content over period duration
ca. 1700 ppm[2] (6 times pre-industrial level)
Mean surface temperature over period duration
ca. 18 °C[3] (4 °C above modern level)
The Ìgbà Ẹlẹ́fun tabi Ìgbà Ẹfun (Cretaceous ) ( / k r ɪ ˈ t eɪ ʃ ə s / ), derived from the Latin "creta" (chalk), usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide (chalk), is a geologic period and system from circa 145.5 ± 4 to 65.5 ẹgbẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún sẹ́yìn million years (Ma) ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic Period and is followed by the Paleogene Period of the Cenozoic Era. It is the youngest period of the Mesozoic Era, and at 80 million years long, the longest period of the Phanerozoic Eon. The end of the Cretaceous defines the boundary between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.
Itokasi
Ìgbà Ẹlẹ́fun
Lower/Early Cretaceous
Upper/Late Cretaceous
Berriasian | Valanginian | Hauterivian Barremian | Aptian | Albian
Cenomanian | Turonian | Coniacian Santonian | Campanian | Maastrichtian
Geologic history of Earth
In left column are eons; right column: bold are eras; not bold are periods:
Hadean(4.57 – 4 Gya) (informal)
Archean(4 – 2.5 Gya) Eoarchean (4 – 3.6 Gya) Paleoarchean (3.6 – 3.2 Gya) Mesoarchean (3.2 – 2.8 Gya) Neoarchean (2.8 – 2.5 Gya)
Proterozoic(2.5 Gya – 542 Mya) Paleoproterozoic (2.5 – 1.6 Gya) : Siderian (2.5 – 2.3 Gya) · Rhyacian (2.3 – 2.05 Gya) · Orosirian (2.05 – 1.8 Gya) · Statherian (1.8 – 1.6 Gya)Mesoproterozoic (1.6 – 1 Gya) : Calymmian (1.6 – 1.4 Gya) · Ectasian (1.4 – 1.2 Gya) · Stenian (1.2 – 1 Gya)Neoproterozoic (1 Gya – 542 Mya) : Tonian (1 Gya – 850 Mya) · Cryogenian (850 – 635 Mya) · Ediacaran (635 – 542 Mya)
Mya = millions years ago. Gya = billions years ago.
Phanerozoic (542 – 0 Mya)
In horizontal bars are eras; in left column are periods; right column: bold are epochs; not bold not italic are ages; italic are chrons:
Terreneuvian (542 – 521 Mya) : Fortunian (542 – 528 Mya) · Age 2* (528 – 521 Mya) Epoch 2* (521 – 510 Mya) : Age 3* (521 – 515 Mya) · Age 4* (515 – 510 Mya) Epoch 3* (510 – 499 Mya) : Age 5* (510 – 506.5 Mya) · Drumian (506.5 – 503 Mya) · Guzhangian (503 – 499 Mya)Furongian (499 – 488.3 Mya) : Paibian (499 – 496 Mya) · Age 9* (496 – 492 Mya) · Age 10* (492 – 488.3 Mya)
Early Ordovician (488.3 – 471.8 Mya) : Tremadocian (488.3 – 478.6 Mya) · Floian (478.6 – 471.8 Mya)Middle Ordovician (471.8 – 460.9 Mya) : Dapingian (471.8 – 468.1 Mya) · Darriwilian (468.1 – 460.9 Mya)Late Ordovician (460.9 – 443.7 Mya) : Sandbian (460.9 – 455.8 Mya) · Katian (455.8 – 445.6 Mya) · Hirnantian (445.6 – 443.7 Mya)
Llandovery (443.7 – 428.2 Mya) : Rhuddanian (443.7 – 439 Mya) · Aeronian (439 – 436 Mya) · Telychian (436 – 428.2 Mya)Wenlock (428.2 – 422.9 Mya) : Sheinwoodian (428.2 – 426.2 Mya) · Homerian (426.2 – 422.9 Mya)Ludlow (422.9 – 418.7 Mya) : Gorstian (422.9 – 421.3 Mya) · Ludfordian (421.3 – 418.7 Mya)Pridoli (418.7 – 416 Mya)
Early Devonian (416 – 397.5 Mya) : Lochkovian (416 – 411.2 Mya) · Pragian (411.2 – 407 Mya) · Emsian (407 – 397.5 Mya)Middle Devonian (397.5 – 385.3 Mya) : Eifelian (397.5 – 391.8 Mya) · Givetian (391.8 – 385.3 Mya)Late Devonian (385.3 – 359.2 Mya) : Frasnian (385.3 – 374.5 Mya) · Famennian (374.5 – 359.2 Mya)
Mississippian (359.2 – 318.1 Mya) : Tournaisian / Early Mississippian (359.2 – 345.3 Mya) · Viséan / Middle Mississippian (345.3 – 328.3 Mya) · Serpukhovian / Late Mississippian (328.3 – 318.1 Mya)Pennsylvanian (318.1 – 299 Mya) : Bashkirian / Early Pennsylvanian (318.1 – 311.7 Mya) · Moscovian / Middle Pennsylvanian (311.7 – 307.2 Mya) · Late Pennsylvanian (307.2 – 299 Mya) : Kasimovian (307.2 – 303.4 Mya) · Gzhelian (303.4 – 299 Mya)
Cisuralian (299 – 270.6 Mya) : Asselian (299 – 294.6 Mya) · Sakmarian (294.6 – 284.4 Mya) · Artinskian (284.4 – 275.6 Mya) · Kungurian (275.6 – 270.6 Mya)Guadalupian (270.6 – 260.4 Mya) : Roadian (270.6 – 268 Mya) · Wordian (268 – 265.8 Mya) · Capitanian (265.8 – 260.4 Mya)Lopingian (260.4 – 251 Mya) : Wuchiapingian (260.4 – 253.8 Mya) · Changhsingian (253.8 – 251 Mya)
Mesozoic (251 – 65.5 Mya)
Early Triassic (251 – 245.9 Mya) : Induan (251 – 249.5 Mya) · Olenekian (249.5 – 245.9 Mya)Middle Triassic (245.9 – 228.7 Mya) : Anisian (245.9 – 237 Mya) · Ladinian (237 – 228.7 Mya)Late Triassic (228.7 – 199.6 Mya) : Carnian (228.7 – 216.5 Mya) · Norian (216.5 – 203.6 Mya) · Rhaetian (203.6 – 199.6 Mya)
Early Jurassic (199.6 – 175.6 Mya) : Hettangian (199.6 – 196.5 Mya) · Sinemurian (196.5 – 189.6 Mya) · Pliensbachian (189.6 – 183 Mya) · Toarcian (183 – 175.6 Mya)Middle Jurassic (175.6 – 161.2 Mya) : Aalenian (175.6 – 171.6 Mya) · Bajocian (171.6 – 167.7 Mya) · Bathonian (167.7 – 164.7 Mya) · Callovian (164.7 – 161.2 Mya)Late Jurassic (161.2 – 145.5 Mya) : Oxfordian (161.2 – 155.6 Mya) · Kimmeridgian (155.6 – 150.8 Mya) · Tithonian (150.8 – 145.5 Mya)
Early Cretaceous (145.5 – 99.6 Mya) : Berriasian (145.5 – 140.2 Mya) · Valanginian (140.2 – 133.9 Mya) · Hauterivian (133.9 – 130 Mya) · Barremian (130 – 125 Mya) · Aptian (125 – 112 Mya) · Albian (112 – 99.6 Mya)Late Cretaceous (99.6 – 65.5 Mya) : Cenomanian (99.6 – 93.6 Mya) · Turonian (93.6 – 88.6 Mya) · Coniacian (88.6 – 85.8 Mya) · Santonian (85.8 – 83.5 Mya) · Campanian (83.5 – 70.6 Mya) · Maastrichtian (70.6 – 65.5 Mya)
Cenozoic (65.5 – 0 Mya)
Paleocene (65.5 – 55.8 Mya) : Danian (65.5 – 61.1 Mya) · Selandian (61.1 – 58.7 Mya) · Thanetian (58.7 – 55.8 Mya)Eocene (55.8 – 33.9 Mya) : Ypresian (55.8 – 48.6 Mya) · Lutetian (48.6 – 40.4 Mya) · Bartonian (40.4 – 37.2 Mya) · Priabonian (37.2 – 33.9 Mya)Oligocene (33.9 – 23.03 Mya) : Rupelian (33.9 – 28.4 Mya) · Chattian (28.4 – 23.03 Mya)
Miocene (23.03 – 5.332 Mya) : Aquitanian (23.03 – 20.43 Mya) · Burdigalian (20.43 – 15.97 Mya) · Langhian (15.97 – 13.82 Mya) · Serravallian (13.82 – 11.608 Mya) · Tortonian (11.608 – 7.246 Mya) · Messinian (7.246 – 5.332 Mya)Pliocene (5.332 – 2.588 Mya) : Piacenzian (5.332 – 3.6 Mya) · Zanclean (3.6 – 2.588 Mya)
Quaternary(2.588 – 0 Mya)
Pleistocene (2.588 Mya – 11.4 kya) : Gelasian (2.588 – 1.806 Mya) · Calabrian (1.806 Mya – 781 kya) · Middle Pleistocene / Ionian (781 – 126 kya) · Late Pleistocene / Tarantian (126 – 11.4 kya): Oldest Dryas* (18 – 14.67 kya) · Bølling* (14.67 – 14 kya) · Older Dryas* (14 – 13.7 kya) · Allerød* (13.7 – 12.8 kya) · Younger Dryas* (12.8 – 11.4 kya) Holocene (11.4 – 0 kya) : Preboreal* (11.4 – 9 kya) · Boreal* (9 – 8 kya) · Atlantic* (8 – 5 kya) · Subboreal* (5 – 2.5 kya) · Subatlantic* (2.5 – 0 kya)
kya = thousands years ago. Mya = millions years ago. * Not officially recognized by the I.C.S.
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