鉍的同位素
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鉍(原子量:208.98040(1))的同位素,沒有一個是穩定的,但是有一個天然放射性同位素209
Bi
,其半衰期長達2.01×1019年,基本可当作是稳定同位素。铋其它最稳定的同位素有210mBi(半衰期304万年)、208Bi(半衰期36.8万年)、207Bi(半衰期31.22年),但它们都是人造同位素。铋最稳定的天然放射性同位素是210Bi,半衰期5.012天。
圖表
符號 | 歷史 名稱 |
Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[2][n 2] |
衰變 產物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | ||||||||||
184Bi | 83 | 101 | 184.00112(14)# | 6.6(15) ms | 3+# | |||||
184mBi | 150(100)# keV | 13(2) ms | 10−# | |||||||
185Bi | 83 | 102 | 184.99763(6)# | 2# ms | p | 184Pb | 9/2−# | |||
α (不常見) | 181Tl | |||||||||
185mBi | 70(50)# keV | 49(7) µs | α | 181Tl | 1/2+ | |||||
p | 184Pb | |||||||||
186Bi | 83 | 103 | 185.99660(8) | 14.8(7) ms | α | 182Tl | (3+) | |||
β+ (不常見) | 186Pb | |||||||||
186mBi | 270(140)# keV | 9.8(4) ms | α | 182Tl | (10−) | |||||
β+ | 186Pb | |||||||||
187Bi | 83 | 104 | 186.993158(16) | 32(3) ms | α (50%) | 183Tl | 9/2−# | |||
β+ (50%) | 187Pb | |||||||||
187m1Bi | 101(20) keV | 320(70) µs | 1/2+# | |||||||
187m2Bi | 252(1) keV | 7(5) µs | (13/2+) | |||||||
188Bi | 83 | 105 | 187.99227(5) | 44(3) ms | α | 184Tl | 3+# | |||
β+ (不常見) | 188Pb | |||||||||
188mBi | 210(140)# keV | 220(40) ms | α | 184Tl | (10−) | |||||
β+ (不常見) | 188Pb | |||||||||
189Bi | 83 | 106 | 188.98920(6) | 674(11) ms | α (51%) | 185Tl | (9/2−) | |||
β+ (49%) | 189Pb | |||||||||
189m1Bi | 181(6) keV | 5.0(1) ms | (1/2+) | |||||||
189m2Bi | 357(1) keV | 880(50) ns | (13/2+) | |||||||
190Bi | 83 | 107 | 189.9883(2) | 6.3(1) s | α (77%) | 186Tl | (3+) | |||
β+ (30%) | 190Pb | |||||||||
190m1Bi | 420(180) keV | 6.2(1) s | α (70%) | 186Tl | (10−) | |||||
β+ (23%) | 190Pb | |||||||||
190m2Bi | 690(180) keV | >500(100) ns | 7+# | |||||||
191Bi | 83 | 108 | 190.985786(8) | 12.3(3) s | α (60%) | 187Tl | (9/2−) | |||
β+ (40%) | 191Pb | |||||||||
191mBi | 240(4) keV | 124(5) ms | α (75%) | 187Tl | (1/2+) | |||||
β+ (25%) | 191Pb | |||||||||
192Bi | 83 | 109 | 191.98546(4) | 34.6(9) s | β+ (82%) | 192Pb | (3+) | |||
α (18%) | 188Tl | |||||||||
192mBi | 150(30) keV | 39.6(4) s | β+ (90.8%) | 192Pb | (10−) | |||||
α (9.2%) | 188Tl | |||||||||
193Bi | 83 | 110 | 192.98296(1) | 67(3) s | β+ (95%) | 193Pb | (9/2−) | |||
α (5%) | 189Tl | |||||||||
193mBi | 308(7) keV | 3.2(6) s | α (90%) | 189Tl | (1/2+) | |||||
β+ (10%) | 193Pb | |||||||||
194Bi | 83 | 111 | 193.98283(5) | 95(3) s | β+ (99.54%) | 194Pb | (3+) | |||
α (.46%) | 190Tl | |||||||||
194m1Bi | 110(70) keV | 125(2) s | β+ | 194Pb | (6+,7+) | |||||
α (不常見) | 190Tl | |||||||||
194m2Bi | 230(90)# keV | 115(4) s | (10−) | |||||||
195Bi | 83 | 112 | 194.980651(6) | 183(4) s | β+ (99.97%) | 195Pb | (9/2−) | |||
α (.03%) | 191Tl | |||||||||
195m1Bi | 399(6) keV | 87(1) s | β+ (67%) | 195Pb | (1/2+) | |||||
α (33%) | 191Tl | |||||||||
195m2Bi | 2311.4+X keV | 750(50) ns | (29/2−) | |||||||
196Bi | 83 | 113 | 195.980667(26) | 5.1(2) min | β+ (99.99%) | 196Pb | (3+) | |||
α (.00115%) | 192Tl | |||||||||
196m1Bi | 166.6(30) keV | 0.6(5) s | IT | 196Bi | (7+) | |||||
β+ | 196Pb | |||||||||
196m2Bi | 270(3) keV | 4.00(5) min | (10−) | |||||||
197Bi | 83 | 114 | 196.978864(9) | 9.33(50) min | β+ (99.99%) | 197Pb | (9/2−) | |||
α (10−4%) | 193Tl | |||||||||
197m1Bi | 690(110) keV | 5.04(16) min | α (55%) | 193Tl | (1/2+) | |||||
β+ (45%) | 197Pb | |||||||||
IT (.3%) | 197Bi | |||||||||
197m2Bi | 2129.3(4) keV | 204(18) ns | (23/2−) | |||||||
197m3Bi | 2360.4(5)+X keV | 263(13) ns | (29/2−) | |||||||
197m4Bi | 2383.1(7)+X keV | 253(39) ns | (29/2−) | |||||||
197m5Bi | 2929.5(5) keV | 209(30) ns | (31/2−) | |||||||
198Bi | 83 | 115 | 197.97921(3) | 10.3(3) min | β+ | 198Pb | (2+,3+) | |||
198m1Bi | 280(40) keV | 11.6(3) min | β+ | 198Pb | (7+) | |||||
198m2Bi | 530(40) keV | 7.7(5) s | 10− | |||||||
199Bi | 83 | 116 | 198.977672(13) | 27(1) min | β+ | 199Pb | 9/2− | |||
199m1Bi | 667(4) keV | 24.70(15) min | β+ (98%) | 199Pb | (1/2+) | |||||
IT (2%) | 199Bi | |||||||||
α (.01%) | 195Tl | |||||||||
199m2Bi | 1947(25) keV | 0.10(3) µs | (25/2+) | |||||||
199m3Bi | ~2547.0 keV | 168(13) ns | 29/2− | |||||||
200Bi | 83 | 117 | 199.978132(26) | 36.4(5) min | β+ | 200Pb | 7+ | |||
200m1Bi | 100(70)# keV | 31(2) min | ε (90%) | 200Pb | (2+) | |||||
IT (10%) | 200Bi | |||||||||
200m2Bi | 428.20(10) keV | 400(50) ms | (10−) | |||||||
201Bi | 83 | 118 | 200.977009(16) | 108(3) min | β+ (99.99%) | 201Pb | 9/2− | |||
α (10−4%) | 197Tl | |||||||||
201m1Bi | 846.34(21) keV | 59.1(6) min | ε (92.9%) | 201Pb | 1/2+ | |||||
IT (6.8%) | 201Bi | |||||||||
α (.3%) | 197Tl | |||||||||
201m2Bi | 1932.2+X keV | 118(28) ns | (25/2+) | |||||||
201m3Bi | 1971.2+X keV | 105(75) ns | (27/2+) | |||||||
201m4Bi | 2739.90(20)+X keV | 124(4) ns | (29/2−) | |||||||
202Bi | 83 | 119 | 201.977742(22) | 1.72(5) h | β+ | 202Pb | 5(+#) | |||
α (10−5%) | 198Tl | |||||||||
202m1Bi | 615(7) keV | 3.04(6) µs | (10#)− | |||||||
202m2Bi | 2607.1(5) keV | 310(50) ns | (17+) | |||||||
203Bi | 83 | 120 | 202.976876(23) | 11.76(5) h | β+ | 203Pb | 9/2− | |||
α (10−5%) | 199Tl | |||||||||
203m1Bi | 1098.14(7) keV | 303(5) ms | IT | 203Bi | 1/2+ | |||||
203m2Bi | 2041.5(6) keV | 194(30) ns | 25/2+ | |||||||
204Bi | 83 | 121 | 203.977813(28) | 11.22(10) h | β+ | 204Pb | 6+ | |||
204m1Bi | 805.5(3) keV | 13.0(1) ms | IT | 204Bi | 10− | |||||
204m2Bi | 2833.4(11) keV | 1.07(3) ms | (17+) | |||||||
205Bi | 83 | 122 | 204.977389(8) | 15.31(4) d | β+ | 205Pb | 9/2− | |||
206Bi | 83 | 123 | 205.978499(8) | 6.243(3) d | β+ | 206Pb | 6(+) | |||
206m1Bi | 59.897(17) keV | 7.7(2) µs | (4+) | |||||||
206m2Bi | 1044.8(5) keV | 890(10) µs | (10−) | |||||||
207Bi | 83 | 124 | 206.9784707(26) | 32.9(14) y | β+ | 207Pb | 9/2− | |||
207mBi | 2101.49(16) keV | 182(6) µs | 21/2+ | |||||||
208Bi | 83 | 125 | 207.9797422(25) | 3.68(4)×105 y | β+ | 208Pb | (5)+ | |||
208mBi | 1571.1(4) keV | 2.58(4) ms | IT | 208Bi | (10)− | |||||
209Bi[n 4][n 5] | 83 | 126 | 208.9803987(16) | 1.9(2)×1019 y[n 6] | α | 205Tl | 9/2− | 1.0000 | ||
210Bi | Radium E | 83 | 127 | 209.9841204(16) | 5.012(5) d | β− | 210Po | 1− | 痕量[n 7] | |
α (1.32×10−4%) | 206Tl | |||||||||
210mBi | 271.31(11) keV | 3.04(6)×106 y | α | 206Tl | 9− | |||||
211Bi | Actinium C | 83 | 128 | 210.987269(6) | 2.14(2) min | α (99.72%) | 207Tl | 9/2− | 痕量[n 8] | |
β− (.276%) | 211Po | |||||||||
211mBi | 1257(10) keV | 1.4(3) µs | (25/2−) | |||||||
212Bi | Thorium C | 83 | 129 | 211.9912857(21) | 60.55(6) min | β− (64.05%) | 212Po | 1(−) | 痕量[n 9] | |
α (35.94%) | 208Tl | |||||||||
β−, α (.014%) | 208Pb | |||||||||
212m1Bi | 250(30) keV | 25.0(2) min | α (67%) | 208Tl | (9−) | |||||
β− (33%) | 212mPo | |||||||||
β−, α (.3%) | 208Pb | |||||||||
212m2Bi | 2200(200)# keV | 7.0(3) min | >15 | |||||||
213Bi[n 10] | 83 | 130 | 212.994385(5) | 45.59(6) min | β− (97.91%) | 213Po | 9/2− | |||
α (2.09%) | 209Tl | |||||||||
214Bi | Radium C | 83 | 131 | 213.998712(12) | 19.9(4) min | β− (99.97%) | 214Po | 1− | 痕量[n 7] | |
α (.021%) | 210Tl | |||||||||
β−, α (.003%) | 210Pb | |||||||||
215Bi | 83 | 132 | 215.001770(16) | 7.6(2) min | β− | 215Po | (9/2−) | 痕量[n 8] | ||
215mBi | 1347.5(25) keV | 36.4(25) min | (25/2−) | |||||||
216Bi | 83 | 133 | 216.006306(12) | 2.17(5) min | β− | 216Po | 1−# | |||
217Bi | 83 | 134 | 217.009372(19) | 98.5(8) s | β− | 217Po | 9/2−# | |||
217mBi | 1480(40) keV | 2.70(6) μs | IT | 217Bi | 25/2−# | |||||
218Bi | 83 | 135 | 218.014188(29) | 33(1) s | β− | 218Po | (6-, 7-, 8-) | |||
219Bi | 83 | 136 | 219.017480(210)# | 8.7(29) s | β− | 219Po | 9/2-# | |||
220Bi | 83 | 137 | 220.022350(320)# | 9.5(57) s | β− | 220Po | 1-# |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鉛的同位素 | 鉍的同位素 | 釙的同位素 |
註釋
- ^ 半衰期超过宇宙年龄(几乎稳定)的同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 缩写:
EC:电子捕获
IT:核異構轉變 - ^ 稳定同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 以前被认为是镎衰变链的最终衰变产物
- ^ 原生放射性同位素
- ^ 以前被认为是最重的稳定核素
- ^ 7.0 7.1 238U的衰变产物
- ^ 8.0 8.1 235U的衰变产物
- ^ 232Th的衰变产物
- ^ 用于核医学
参考文獻
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (英语).
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-08]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素與同位素的穩定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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