The Zone of Interest (film)
| The Zone of Interest | |
|---|---|
 US theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Jonathan Glazer |
| Written by | Jonathan Glazer |
| Based on | The Zone of Interest by Martin Amis |
| Produced by |
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| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Łukasz Żal |
| Edited by | Paul Watts |
| Music by | Mica Levi |
Production companies |
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| Distributed by | |
Release dates |
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Running time | 105 minutes[2] |
| Countries | |
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| Box office | $572,510[5][6] |
The Zone of Interest is a 2023 historical drama film written and directed by Jonathan Glazer, loosely based on the 2014 novel of the same name by Martin Amis. A co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Poland, the film centers on Auschwitz commandant Rudolf Höss and his wife as they strive to build a dream life next to the concentration camp.[3] It stars Christian Friedel and Sandra Hüller in the lead roles.
The Zone of Interest premiered at the 76th Cannes Film Festival on 19 May 2023 to critical acclaim, winning both the Grand Prix and FIPRESCI Prize. It went on to be named Best Film by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association,[7] selected as one of the top-five international films of 2023 by the National Board of Review, and chosen as the British entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 96th Academy Awards.[8]
Plot
In 1943, Auschwitz Commandant Rudolf Höss lives with his wife Hedwig and their five children in an idyllic home next to the camp. Höss takes the children out to swim and fish, and Hedwig spends much of her time tending the garden. Servants handle chores around the house, while the prisoners' belongings are given to the family. Beyond the garden wall, gunshots, shouting and sounds of trains and furnaces are constantly heard. Höss approves the design of a new crematorium, which soon becomes operational. One day, Höss notices human remains in the river; he quickly gets his children out of the water before sending a note to camp personnel, chastising them for their carelessness.
Höss receives word that he is being promoted to deputy inspector of all concentration camps and must relocate to Berlin. He objects to no avail and withholds the news from Hedwig for several days. Hedwig, deeply attached to their dream home, begs him to convince his superiors to let her and the children remain. The request is approved and Höss moves out shortly afterwards. Hedwig's mother comes to stay, but is horrified at the sight of the camp and leaves in the night unannounced. A Polish girl who lives nearby sneaks out every night, hiding food at the prisoners' work sites for them to find and eat.
Months after arriving in Berlin, in recognition of his good work, Höss is tasked with heading an operation named after him that will transport hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz to be killed. This allows him to move back to Auschwitz and reunite with his family. He vacantly attends a party celebrating the operation, and confesses to Hedwig over the phone that he spent his time there thinking about the most efficient way to gas the room.
As Höss leaves his Berlin office, he stops and retches repeatedly but is unable to vomit. In the present, a group of janitors are seen cleaning the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum before it opens. Back in Berlin, Höss resumes walking and descends down a dark stairway until he is out of sight.
Cast
- Christian Friedel as Rudolf Höss
- Sandra Hüller as Hedwig Höss
- Ralph Herforth as Oswald Pohl
- Johann Karthaus as Claus Höss
- Luis Noah Witte as Hans Höss
- Nele Ahrensmeier as Inge-Brigitt Höss
- Lilli Falk as Heideraud Höss
- Medusa Knopf as Elfryda
Production
Development
After completing Under the Skin, Glazer became intrigued by the then not-yet-published Martin Amis novel The Zone of Interest. He optioned the novel after reading it. Paul and Hannah Doll, the novel's two main characters, were loosely based on Rudolf Höss, the longest-serving commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, and his wife Hedwig. Glazer opted to use the historical figures instead and conducted two years of extensive research into the Hösses.[9] He made several visits to Auschwitz and was profoundly affected by the sight of the Höss residence.[10] He collaborated with the Auschwitz Museum and other organisations, and obtained special permission to access the archives, where he examined testimonies provided by survivors and individuals who had been employed in the Höss household. By piecing together these testimonies, Glazer gradually constructed a detailed portrayal of the individuals connected to the events.[11][12] He also consulted historian Timothy Snyder's 2015 book Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning during his research.[9]
Sandra Hüller was first sent an excerpt of the script, an argument between Rudolf and Hedwig presented out of context, before learning the project's nature as a film about the Holocaust. Although she had resolved never to play a Nazi, Hüller was convinced after reading the full script and meeting with Glazer, believing that he shared and addressed her concerns about how to properly depict Nazism on screen. Hüller's own dog, a black Weimeraner, plays Dilla, the Höss family dog in The Zone of Interest.[13]
The young Polish girl in the film is inspired by a woman named Alexandria, whom Glazer met during his research. As a 12-year-old member of the Polish resistance, she used to cycle to the camp to leave apples for the starving prisoners. As in the film, she discovered a piece of music written by a prisoner. The prisoner, named Thomas Wolf, survived the war. Alexandria was 90 years old when she met Glazer and died shortly after. The bike the film uses and the dress the actress wears both belonged to her.[14]
Glazer confirmed development of the project in 2019, with A24, Film4 Productions, Access Entertainment and House Productions co-financing and producing.[15][16]
Filming
The original Höss house has been a private residence since the end of the war. Production designer Chris Oddy spent several months converting a derelict home beyond the camp wall into a replica of the Höss residence, and started planting the garden in April 2021 so that it would be in bloom when filming began.[9] Principal photography began in Auschwitz in summer 2021 and lasted approximately 55 days.[9][10] Additional filming took place in Jelenia Góra in January 2022.[17]
The film was shot on Sony Venice digital cameras equipped with Leica lenses.[18] Glazer and cinematographer Łukasz Żal embedded up to 10 cameras in and around the house and kept them running simultaneously, with no crew on set. The approach, which Glazer dubbed "Big Brother in the Nazi house", allowed the actors to improvise and experiment extensively during filming.[9][10][12] Glazer and Żal aimed for a modern look and did not wish to "aesthetize" Auschwitz. As a result, only practical and natural lighting was used.[19]
Glazer did not want the atrocities occurring inside the camp to be seen, only heard. He described the film's sound as "the other film" and "arguably, the film".[10] To that end, sound designer Johnnie Burn compiled a 600-page document containing relevant events at Auschwitz, testimonies from witnesses, and a large map of the camp so that the distance and echoes of the sounds could be properly determined.[20] He spent a year before filming began building a sound library, which included sounds of manufacturing machinery, crematoria, furnaces, boots, period-accurate gunfire and human sounds of pain. He continued building the library well into the shoot and post-production.[21][22] Mica Levi initially wrote a score for the film, most of which was then jettisoned as Glazer and Burn did not want to have the film "sweetened or dramatized" by it. The music Levi wrote for the prologue stayed in the film, as did soundscapes created for several sequences and a sound collage for the epilogue.[23]
Release
The Zone of Interest was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival,[24] where it had its world premiere on 19 May 2023,[25] and received a six-minute standing ovation.[26] The North American premiere occurred on September 1, 2023, at the 50th Telluride Film Festival.[27][28] It was also screened at the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival.[29] In the United States, after being delayed from its initial release date of 8 December,[30] it was given a limited theatrical release on 15 December 2023,[31] and it will expand wide on 7 January 2024.[32] It is scheduled to be released in the United Kingdom on 2 February 2024,[33] It will later be released in Poland on 9 February 2024.[34]
Reception
Critical response
The Zone of Interest premiered to critical acclaim.[a] On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 92% of 186 reviews are positive for the film, with an average rating of 8.7/10. The website's critics consensus states, "Dispassionately examining the ordinary existence of people complicit in horrific crimes, The Zone of Interest forces us to take a cold look at the mundanity behind an unforgivable brutality."[42] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 92 out of 100, based on 46 critic reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[43]
Kevin Maher of The Times called it a "landmark movie, hugely important, that's unafraid of difficult ideas."[44] David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter called it a "devastating Holocaust drama like no other, which demonstrates with startling effectiveness [director Jonathan Glazer]'s unerring control of tonal and visual storytelling."[45] Donald Clarke of The Irish Times wrote, "Glazer may yet get in some trouble for taking such a formal approach to sensitive material. But, if anything, that self-imposed discipline – and utter lack of sentimentality – speaks to the profound respect he has for the subject."[46] Raphael Abraham of the Financial Times wrote, "Glazer has achieved something much greater than just making the monstrous mundane — by rendering such extreme inhumanity ordinary he reawakens us to its true horror."[47] Jonathan Romney of Screen International wrote that the film "eschews false rhetoric, leaving maximum space for the audience's imaginative and emotional response."[48]
David Ehrlich of IndieWire praised Glazer's camera process for instilling "a flattening evenness into a film where the lack of drama becomes deeply sickening unto itself."[49] Robbie Collin of The Daily Telegraph wrote, "Through painstaking framing and sound design, its horrors gnaw at the edge of every shot."[50] In a 4-star review, Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian called it "a film which for all its artistry is perhaps not entirely in control of its (intentional) bad taste."[51]
Filmmaker Todd Field praised the film, saying "For those familiar with Glazer's films it's no surprise his approach here is unencumbered by tropes, genre conceits, or the cinematic shorthand we often take for granted. Over his twenty-four-year career as one of our finest filmmakers, Glazer has consistently executed high-wire interpretations of genre, and in the process completely reinvented them: crime (Sexy Beast), the paranormal (Birth), science fiction (Under the Skin). His pictures within these frames are mind-blowingly unique, as if he’d never seen anything that had been done before.[52]
Conversely, Italian film critic Davide Abbatescianni's review published by Cineuropa was less positive. He criticized the film for its disturbing atmosphere, which he found to be well-crafted but monotonous, and for the performances of the cast that he felt could not bring any change to the concept presented in a film that he thought lacked variety and remained stagnant for two hours.[53] Writing for Worldcrunch, the German critic Hanns-Georg Rodek wrote: "Here's the first question The Zone of Interest doesn't answer: is this ignorance? Of course it isn't. Is it conscious approval based on racist and nationalist delusion? I'm sure it is. Is it longing for an idyll in the midst of a situation perceived as threatening? Without a doubt. There are many attempts at an explanation, but they don't really interest Jonathan Glazer. Glazer describes the situation in what is possibly more oppressive than anything we've seen in Holocaust films before. It concentrates in one garden the attitude of an entire nation that wanted to know nothing."[54]
Accolades
See also
- List of submissions to the 96th Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film
- List of British submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
Notes
- ^ Attributed to multiple references:[35][36][37][38][39][40][41]
- ^ This award does not have a single winner, but recognizes multiple films.
- ^ Shared with Anatomy of a Fall.
- ^ Shared with Godzilla Minus One.
- ^ Shared with Anatomy of a Fall.
References
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