Pieter Zeeman
Pieter Zeeman
Pieter Zeeman (25. maí , 1865 – 9. október ,
1943 ) var eðlisfræðingur sem lærði hjá Hendrik Lorentz og deildi nóbelsverðlaununum í eðlisfræði með honum fyrir uppgtötvun sína á Zeeman hrifunum.
Zeeman var fæddur í Zonnemaire, Hollandi . Hann var stúdent hjá Lorentz í Háskólanum í Leiden. Hann byrjaði að halda fyrirlestra við Leiden árið 1890 . Árið 1896 bað Lorentz hann um að athuga áhrif segulsviðs á ljósuppsprettu og uppgötvaði hann þá það sem í dag er þekkt sem Zeeman hrifin. Þessi uppgötvun sannaði kenningu Lorentz um rafsegulgeislun .
Zeeman var settur prófessor í eðlisfræði við Háskólann í Amsterdam árið 1900 . 1908 var hann síðan settur yfirmaður náttúruvísindadeildarinnar þar.
1901–1925
Röntgen (1901) ·
Lorentz / Zeeman (1902) ·
Becquerel / P. Curie / M. Curie (1903) ·
Rayleigh (1904) ·
Lenard (1905) ·
Thomson (1906) ·
Michelson (1907) ·
Lippmann (1908) ·
Marconi / Braun (1909) ·
van der Waals (1910) ·
Wien (1911) ·
Dalén (1912) ·
Kamerlingh Onnes (1913) ·
Laue (1914) ·
W. L. Bragg / W. H. Bragg (1915) ·
Barkla (1917) ·
Planck (1918) ·
Stark (1919) ·
Guillaume (1920) ·
Einstein (1921) ·
N. Bohr (1922) ·
Millikan (1923) ·
M. Siegbahn (1924) ·
Franck / Hertz (1925)
1926–1950
Perrin (1926) ·
Compton / C. Wilson (1927) ·
O. Richardson (1928) ·
De Broglie (1929) ·
Raman (1930) ·
Heisenberg (1932) ·
Schrödinger / Dirac (1933) ·
Chadwick (1935) ·
Hess / C. D. Anderson (1936) ·
Davisson / Thomson (1937) ·
Fermi (1938) ·
Lawrence (1939) ·
Stern (1943) ·
Rabi (1944) ·
Pauli (1945) ·
Bridgman (1946) ·
Appleton (1947) ·
Blackett (1948) ·
Yukawa (1949) ·
Powell (1950)
1951–1975
Cockcroft / Walton (1951) ·
Bloch / Purcell (1952) ·
Zernike (1953) ·
Born / Bothe (1954) ·
Lamb / Kusch (1955) ·
Shockley / Bardeen / Brattain (1956) ·
Yang / T. D. Lee (1957) ·
Tsjerenkov / Frank / Tamm (1958) ·
Segrè / Chamberlain (1959) ·
Glaser (1960) ·
Hofstadter / Mössbauer (1961) ·
Landaú (1962) ·
Wigner / Goeppert-Mayer / Jensen (1963) ·
Townes / Basov / Prokhorov (1964) ·
Tomonaga / Schwinger / Feynman (1965) ·
Kastler (1966) ·
Bethe (1967) ·
Alvarez (1968) ·
Gell-Mann (1969) ·
Alfvén / Néel (1970) ·
Gabor (1971) ·
Bardeen / Cooper / Schrieffer (1972) ·
Esaki / Giaever / Josephson (1973) ·
Ryle / Hewish (1974) ·
A. Bohr / Mottelson / Rainwater (1975)
1976–2000
Richter / Ting (1976) ·
P. W. Anderson / Mott / Van Vleck (1977) ·
Kapítsa / Penzias / R. Wilson (1978) ·
Glashow / Salam / Weinberg (1979) ·
Cronin / Fitch (1980) ·
Bloembergen / Schawlow / K. Siegbahn (1981) ·
K. Wilson (1982) ·
Chandrasekhar / Fowler (1983) ·
Rubbia / van der Meer (1984) ·
von Klitzing (1985) ·
Ruska / Binnig / Rohrer (1986) ·
Bednorz / Müller (1987) ·
Lederman / Schwartz / Steinberger (1988) ·
Ramsey / Dehmelt / Paul (1989) ·
Friedman / Kendall / R. Taylor (1990) ·
de Gennes (1991) ·
Charpak (1992) ·
Hulse / J. Taylor (1993) ·
Brockhouse / Shull (1994) ·
Perl / Reines (1995) ·
D. Lee / Osheroff / R. Richardson (1996) ·
Chu / Cohen-Tannoudji / Phillips (1997) ·
Laughlin / Störmer / Tsui (1998) ·
't Hooft / Veltman (1999) ·
Alfjorov / Kroemer / Kilby (2000)
2001–
Cornell / Ketterle / Wieman (2001) ·
Davis / Koshiba / Giacconi (2002) ·
Abrikosov / Gínzbúrg / Leggett (2003) ·
Gross / Politzer / Wilczek (2004) ·
Glauber / Hall / Hänsch (2005) ·
Mather / Smoot (2006) ·
Fert / Grünberg (2007) ·
Nambu / Kobayashi / Maskawa (2008) ·
Kao / Boyle / Smith (2009) ·
Geim / Novoselov (2010) ·
Perlmutter / Schmidt / Riess (2011) ·
Haroche / Wineland (2012) ·
Englert / Higgs (2013) ·
Akasaki / Amano / Nakamura (2014) ·
Kajita / McDonald (2015) ·
Thouless / Haldane / Kosterlitz (2016) ·
Weiss / Thorne / Barish (2017) ·
Ashkin / Mourou / Strickland (2018)
Peebles / Mayor / Queloz (2019)
Penrose / Genzel / Ghez (2020)
Manabe / Hasselmann / Parisi (2021)
Aspect / Clauser / Zeilinger (2022)
Agostini / Krausz / L'Huillier (2023)
Hinton / Hopfield (2024)
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