پلاديوم

Palladium,  ₄₆Pd

عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/pəˈleɪdiəm/ pə-LAY-dee-əm
Appearance	silvery white
Palladium په دوراني جدول کې
Ni ↑ Pd ↓ Pt rhodium ← palladium → silver ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	46
گروپ, پیریود	group 10, period 5
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1828.05 K ​(1554.9 °C, ​2830.82 °F)
يشنا ټکی	3236 K ​(2963 °C, ​5365 °F)
Density near r.t.	12.023 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	10.38 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	16.74 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	358 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.98 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1721 1897 2117 2395 2753 3234
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3, +4 ​(a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.20
Ionization energies	1st: 804.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1870 kJ/mol 3rd: 3177 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 137 pm
Covalent radius	139±6 pm
Van der Waals radius	163 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3070 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	11.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	71.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	105.4 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[۲]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+567.4·10−6 cm3/mol (288 K)[۳]
Young's modulus	121 GPa
Shear modulus	44 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.39
Mohs hardness	4.75
Vickers hardness	400–600 MPa
Brinell hardness	320–610 MPa
CAS Number	7440-05-3
History
Naming	after asteroid Pallas, itself named after Pallas Athena
Discovery and first isolation	William Hyde Wollaston (1803)
Main isotopes of palladium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 102Pd 1.02% stable 103Pd syn 16.991 d ε 103Rh 104Pd 11.14% stable 105Pd 22.33% stable 106Pd 27.33% stable 107Pd trace 6.5×106 y β− 107Ag 108Pd 26.46% stable 110Pd 11.72% stable
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پلاديوم (په انگرېزي: Palladium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Pd سمبول او ۴۶ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

1. ↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml. 
2. ↑ Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
3. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)