Скелари

Скелари
(Hesperiidae)
Pelopidas sp.
Научна класификација
Царство:
Animalia
Тип:
Arthropoda
Класа:
Insecta
Поткласа:
Pterygota
Инфракласа:
Neoptera
Надред:
Endopterygota
Ред:
Lepidoptera
(нерангирано):
Rhopalocera
Натпородица:
Hesperioidea
Породица:
Hesperiidae

Latreille, 1809
Типска врста
Hesperia comma
Linnaeus, 1758
Потпородице[1]
  • Coeliadinae
  • Euschemoninae
  • Eudaminae
  • Pyrginae
  • Heteropterinae
  • Trapezitinae
  • Hesperiinae
  • могуће и Megathyminae

Скелари (лат. Hesperiidae) су фамилија дневних лептира. Скелари су еволутивно најстарији дневни лептири. Фамилија броји око 3.500 врста, распрострањених по целом свету, али највећи број врста живи у неотропским областима Централне и Јужне Америке.[2]

Карактеристике и Систематика

Систематика

Скелари се сврставају у натфамилију Hesperioidea, зато што се морфолошки разликују од осталих дневних лептира (Rhopalocera), који се сврставају у натфамилију Papilionoidea. Трећа, релативно мала натфамилија је Hedylidae у коју спадају мољци-лептири, који живе у неотропским областима, а броји 35 врста лептира из само једног рода - Macrosoma.

Карактеристике

Карактеристике које скеларе одвајају од осталих лептира су снажно тело, велико у односу на крила, крупне очи и размакнути корени антена.

Скелари у Европи

Карирани ливадар (Heteropterus morpheus)

У Европи живе 72 врсте скелара, подељених у 4 потфамилије. Те потфамилије су Coeliadinae, Hesperiinae, Heteropterinae и Pyrginae. Из потфамилије Coeliadinae у Европи је присутна једна врста, из потфамилије Hesperiinae 18 врста, иѕ потфамилије Heteropterinae 6 врста и из потфамилије Pyrginae 47 врста.

Скелари у Србији

У Србији су присутне 24 врсте скелара, у потфамилији Pyrginae 17 врста, у потфамилији Heteropterinae 2 врсте и у потфамилији Hesperiinae 5 врста.

Списак скелара у Србији

Класификација

Родови

  • Achalarus Scudder, 1872
  • Achlyodes Hübner, 1819
  • Adopaeoides Godman, 1900
  • Agathymus H. Freeman, 1959
  • Aguna R. Williams, 1927
  • Amblyscirtes Scudder, 1872
  • Anastrus Hübner, 1824
  • Anatrytone Dyar, 1905
  • Ancyloxypha C. Felder, 1863
  • Antigonus Hübner, 1819
  • Apyrrothrix Lindsey, 1921
  • Arotis Mabille, 1904
  • Arteurotia Butler and H. Druce, 1872
  • Asbolis Mabille, 1904
  • Astraptes Hübner, 1819
  • Atalopedes Scudder, 1872
  • Atrytone Scudder, 1872
  • Atrytonopsis Godman, 1900
  • Autochton Hübner, 1823
  • Bolla Mabille, 1903
  • Cabares Godman and Salvin, 1894
  • Callimormus Scudder, 1872
  • Calpodes Hübner, 1819
  • Carrhenes Godman and Salvin, 1895
  • Carterocephalus Lederer, 1852
  • Celaenorrhinus Hübner, 1819
  • Celotes Godman and Salvin, 1899
  • Cephise Evans, 1952
  • Chioides Lindsey, 1921
  • Chiomara Godman and Salvin, 1899
  • Choranthus Scudder, 1872
  • Codatractus Lindsey, 1921
  • Cogia Butler, 1870
  • Conga Evans, 1955
  • Copaeodes Speyer, 1877
  • Corticea Evans, 1955
  • Cymaenes Scudder, 1872
  • Decinea Evans, 1955
  • Dyscophellus Godman and Salvin, 1893
  • Eantis Boisduval, 1836
  • Epargyreus Hübner, 1819
  • Ephyriades Hübner, 1819
  • Erionota Mabille, 1878
  • Erynnis Schrank, 1801
  • Euphyes Scudder, 1872
  • Gesta Evans, 1953
  • Gorgythion Godman and Salvin, 1896
  • Grais Godman and Salvin, 1894
  • Heliopetes Billberg, 1820
  • Heliopyrgus Herrera, 1957
  • Hesperia Fabricius, 1793
  • Hesperopsis Dyar, 1905
  • Hylephila Billberg, 1820
  • Lerema Scudder, 1872
  • Lerodea Scudder, 1872
  • Megathymus Scudder, 1872
  • Monca Evans, 1955
  • Mylon Godman and Salvin, 1894
  • Nastra Evans, 1955
  • Nisoniades Hübner, 1819
  • Noctuana E. Bell, 1937
  • Notamblyscirtes Scott, 2006
  • Nyctelius Hayward, 1948
  • Oarisma Scudder, 1872
  • Ochlodes Scudder, 1872
  • Oileides Hübner, 1825
  • Oligoria Scudder, 1872
  • Panoquina Hemming, 1934
  • Paratrytone Godman, 1900
  • Pellicia Herrich-Schäffer, 1870
  • Perichares Scudder, 1872
  • Phocides Hübner, 1819
  • Pholisora Scudder, 1872
  • Piruna Evans, 1955
  • Poanes Scudder, 1872
  • Polites Scudder, 1872
  • Polygonus Hübner, 1825
  • Polythrix E. Watson, 1893
  • Pompeius Evans, 1955
  • Problema Skinner and R. Williams, 1924
  • Proteides Hübner, 1819
  • Pseudocopaeodes Skinner and R. Williams, 1923
  • Pyrgus Hübner, 1819
  • Quasimellana Burns, 1994
  • Rhinthon Godman, 1900
  • Sostrata Godman and Salvin, 1895
  • Spathilepia Butler, 1870
  • Stallingsia H. Freeman, 1959
  • Staphylus Godman and Salvin, 1896
  • Stinga Evans, 1955
  • Synapte Mabille, 1904
  • Systasea W. H. Edwards, 1877
  • Tagiades Hübner, 1819
  • Thespieus Godman, 1900
  • Thessia Steinhauser, 1989
  • Thorybes Scudder, 1872
  • Thymelicus Hübner, 1819
  • Timochares Godman and Salvin, 1896
  • Typhedanus Butler, 1870
  • Urbanus Hübner, 1807
  • Vettius Godman, 1901
  • Vidius Evans, 1955
  • Wallengrenia Berg, 1897
  • Windia H. Freeman, 1969
  • Xenophanes Godman and Salvin, 1895
  • Zestusa Lindsey, 1925

Врсте

  • Achalarus albociliatus (Mabille, 1877)
  • Achalarus casica (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Achalarus lyciades (Geyer, 1832)
  • Achalarus toxeus (Plötz, 1882)
  • Achlyodes pallida (R. Felder, 1869)
  • Adopaeoides prittwitzi (Plötz, 1884)
  • Agathymus alliae (D. Stallings and Turner, 1957)
  • Agathymus aryxna (Dyar, 1905)
  • Agathymus baueri (D. Stallings and Turner, 1954)
  • Agathymus estelleae (D. Stallings and Turner, 1958)
  • Agathymus evansi (H. Freeman, 1950)
  • Agathymus gentryi Roever in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Agathymus gilberti H. Freeman, 1964
  • Agathymus mariae (W. Barnes and Benjamin, 1924)
  • Agathymus neumoegeni (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Agathymus polingi (Skinner, 1905)
  • Agathymus remingtoni (D. Stallings and Turner, 1958)
  • Agathymus stephensi (Skinner, 1912)
  • Aguna asander (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Aguna claxon Evans, 1952
  • Aguna metophis (Latreille, 1824)
  • Amblyscirtes aenus W. H. Edwards, 1878
  • Amblyscirtes aesculapius (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Amblyscirtes alternata (Grote and Robinson, 1867)
  • Amblyscirtes belli H. Freeman, 1941
  • Amblyscirtes carolina (Skinner, 1892)
  • Amblyscirtes cassus W. H. Edwards, 1883
  • Amblyscirtes celia Skinner, 1895
  • Amblyscirtes elissa Godman, 1900
  • Amblyscirtes eos (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
  • Amblyscirtes exoteria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Amblyscirtes fimbriata (Plötz, 1882)
  • Amblyscirtes hegon (Scudder, 1863)
  • Amblyscirtes linda H. Freeman, 1943
  • Amblyscirtes nereus (W. H. Edwards, 1876)
  • Amblyscirtes nysa W. H. Edwards, 1877
  • Amblyscirtes oslari (Skinner, 1899)
  • Amblyscirtes phylace (W. H. Edwards, 1878)
  • Amblyscirtes reversa F. Jones, 1926
  • Amblyscirtes texanae E. Bell, 1927
  • Amblyscirtes tolteca Scudder, 1872
  • Amblyscirtes vialis (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
  • Anastrus sempiternus (Butler and H. Druce, 1872)
  • Anatrytone logan (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Anatrytone mazai (H. Freeman, 1969)
  • Anatrytone potosiensis (H. Freeman, 1969)
  • Ancyloxypha arene (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
  • Ancyloxypha numitor (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Antigonus emorsa (R. Felder, 1869)
  • Antigonus erosus (Hübner, 1812)
  • Apyrrothrix araxes (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Arteurotia tractipennis Butler and H. Druce, 1872
  • Asbolis capucinus (Lucas, 1857)
  • Astraptes alardus (Stoll, 1790)
  • Astraptes alector (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1867)
  • Astraptes anaphus (Cramer, 1777)
  • Astraptes brevicauda (Plötz, 1886)
  • Astraptes egregius (Butler, 1870)
  • Astraptes fulgerator (Walch, 1775)
  • Astraptes galesus (Mabille, 1888)
  • Astraptes latimargo (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Atalopedes campestris (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Atalopedes flaveola (Mabille, 1891)
  • Atrytone arogos (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Atrytonopsis cestus (W. H. Edwards, 1884)
  • Atrytonopsis deva (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
  • Atrytonopsis edwardsi W. Barnes and McDunnough, 1916
  • Atrytonopsis hianna (Scudder, 1868)
  • Atrytonopsis loammi (Whitney, 1876)
  • Atrytonopsis lunus (W. H. Edwards, 1884)
  • Atrytonopsis pittacus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Atrytonopsis python (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Atrytonopsis vierecki (Skinner, 1902)
  • Autochton cellus (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Autochton cincta (Plötz, 1882)
  • Autochton pseudocellus (Coolidge and Clemence, 1910)
  • Bolla brennus (Godman and Salvin, 1896)
  • Bolla clytius (Godman and Salvin, 1897)
  • Cabares potrillo (Lucas, 1857)
  • Callimormus saturnus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Calpodes ethlius (Stoll, 1782)
  • Carrhenes canescens (R. Felder, 1869)
  • Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771)
  • Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri (Bailey, 1880)
  • Celaenorrhinus stallingsi H. Freeman, 1946
  • Celotes limpia Burns, 1974
  • Celotes nessus (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
  • Cephise aelius (Plötz, 1880)
  • Cephise auginulus (Godman and Salvin, 1893)
  • Cephise procerus (Plötz, 1880)
  • Chioides albofasciatus (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Chioides catillus (Cramer, 1780)
  • Chioides zilpa (Butler, 1872)
  • Chiomara asychis (Stoll in Cramer, 1780)
  • Chiomara georgina (Reakirt, 1868)
  • Chiomara mithrax (Möschler, 1879)
  • Choranthus haitensis (Skinner, 1920)
  • Choranthus radians (Lucas, 1857)
  • Choranthus vitellius (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Codatractus alcaeus (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Codatractus arizonensis (Skinner, 1905)
  • Codatractus melon (Godman and Salvin, 1893)
  • Codatractus valeriana (Plötz, 1881)
  • Cogia caicus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Cogia calchas (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Cogia hippalus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Cogia outis (Skinner, 1894)
  • Conga chydaea (Butler, 1877)
  • Copaeodes aurantiaca (Hewitson, 1868)
  • Copaeodes minima (W. H. Edwards, 1870)
  • Corticea corticea (Plötz, 1882)
  • Cymaenes odilia (Burmeister, 1878)
  • Cymaenes trebius (Mabille, 1891)
  • Cymaenes tripunctus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)
  • Decinea decinea (Hewitson, 1876)
  • Decinea huasteca (H. Freeman, 1969)
  • Decinea percosius (Godman, 1900)
  • Dyscophellus euribates (Stoll, 1782)
  • Eantis peruvianus Mabille and Boullet, 1917
  • Eantis tamenund (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
  • Eantis thraso (Hübner, 1807)
  • Epargyreus clarus (Cramer, 1775)
  • Epargyreus exadeus (Cramer, 1779)
  • Epargyreus zestos (Geyer, 1832)
  • Ephyriades brunnea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)
  • Erionota thrax (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Erionota torus Evans, 1941
  • Erynnis afranius (Lintner, 1878)
  • Erynnis baptisiae (W. Forbes, 1936)
  • Erynnis brizo (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Erynnis funeralis (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
  • Erynnis horatius (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
  • Erynnis icelus (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
  • Erynnis juvenalis (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Erynnis lucilius (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
  • Erynnis martialis (Scudder, 1870)
  • Erynnis meridianus E. Bell, 1927
  • Erynnis pacuvius (Lintner, 1878)
  • Erynnis persius (Scudder, 1863)
  • Erynnis propertius (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
  • Erynnis scudderi (Skinner, 1914)
  • Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Erynnis telemachus Burns, 1960
  • Erynnis tristis (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Erynnis zarucco (Lucas, 1857)
  • Euphyes arpa (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Euphyes bayensis Shuey, 1989
  • Euphyes berryi (E. Bell, 1941)
  • Euphyes bimacula (Grote and Robinson, 1867)
  • Euphyes conspicua (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Euphyes dion (W. H. Edwards, 1879)
  • Euphyes dukesi (Lindsey, 1923)
  • Euphyes pilatka (W. H. Edwards, 1867)
  • Euphyes vestris (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Gesta gesta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1863)
  • Gesta invisus (Butler and H. Druce, 1872)
  • Gorgythion begga (Prittwitz, 1868)
  • Grais stigmaticus (Mabille, 1883)
  • Heliopetes arsalte (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Heliopetes ericetorum (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Heliopetes laviana (Hewitson, 1868)
  • Heliopetes macaira (Reakirt, 1867)
  • Heliopyrgus domicella (Erichson, 1849)
  • Heliopyrgus sublinea (Schaus, 1902)
  • Hesperia assiniboia (Lyman, 1892)
  • Hesperia attalus (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
  • Hesperia colorado (Scudder, 1874)
  • Hesperia columbia (Scudder, 1872)
  • Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Hesperia dacotae (Skinner, 1911)
  • Hesperia juba (Scudder, 1874)
  • Hesperia leonardus T. Harris, 1862
  • Hesperia lindseyi (W. Holland, 1930)
  • Hesperia meskei (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
  • Hesperia metea Scudder, 1863
  • Hesperia miriamae MacNeill, 1959
  • Hesperia nevada (Scudder, 1874)
  • Hesperia ottoe W. H. Edwards, 1866
  • Hesperia pahaska Leussler, 1938
  • Hesperia sassacus T. Harris, 1862
  • Hesperia uncas W. H. Edwards, 1863
  • Hesperia viridis (W. H. Edwards, 1883)
  • Hesperia woodgatei (R. Williams, 1914)
  • Hesperopsis alpheus (W. H. Edwards, 1876)
  • Hesperopsis gracielae (MacNeill, 1970)
  • Hesperopsis libya (Scudder, 1878)
  • Hylephila phyleus (Drury, 1773)
  • Lerema accius (J. E. Smith, 1797)
  • Lerema liris Evans, 1955
  • Lerodea arabus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Lerodea eufala (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
  • Megathymus cofaqui (Strecker, 1876)
  • Megathymus streckeri (Skinner, 1895)
  • Megathymus ursus Poling, 1902
  • Megathymus yuccae (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Monca crispinus (Plötz, 1882)
  • Mylon pelopidas (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Nastra julia (H. Freeman, 1945)
  • Nastra lherminier (Latreille, 1824)
  • Nastra neamathla (Skinner and R. Williams, 1923)
  • Nisoniades rubescens (Möschler, 1877)
  • Noctuana stator (Godman and Salvin, 1899)
  • Notamblyscirtes simius (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Nyctelius nyctelius (Latreille, 1824)
  • Oarisma edwardsii (W. Barnes, 1897)
  • Oarisma garita (Reakirt, 1866)
  • Oarisma poweshiek (Parker, 1870)
  • Ochlodes agricola (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Ochlodes sylvanoides (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Ochlodes yuma (W. H. Edwards, 1873)
  • Oligoria maculata (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
  • Panoquina errans (Skinner, 1892)
  • Panoquina evansi (H. Freeman, 1946)
  • Panoquina fusina (Hewitson, 1868)
  • Panoquina hecebolus (Scudder, 1872)
  • Panoquina lucas (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Panoquina ocola (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Panoquina panoquin (Scudder, 1863)
  • Panoquina panoquinoides (Skinner, 1891)
  • Paratrytone snowi (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
  • Pellicia angra Evans, 1953
  • Pellicia arina Evans, 1953
  • Pellicia dimidiata Herrich-Schäffer, 1870
  • Perichares philetes (Gmelin, 1790)
  • Phocides belus Godman and Salvin, 1890
  • Phocides pigmalion (Cramer, 1779)
  • Phocides polybius (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Phocides urania (Westwood, 1852)
  • Phocides vulcanides Röber, 1925
  • Pholisora catullus (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Pholisora mejicanus (Reakirt, 1867)
  • Piruna aea (Dyar, 1912)
  • Piruna haferniki H. Freeman, 1970
  • Piruna microstictus (Godman, 1900)
  • Piruna penaea (Dyar, 1918)
  • Piruna pirus (W. H. Edwards, 1878)
  • Piruna polingii (W. Barnes, 1900)
  • Poanes aaroni (Skinner, 1890)
  • Poanes hobomok (T. Harris, 1862)
  • Poanes massasoit (Scudder, 1863)
  • Poanes melane (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
  • Poanes taxiles (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Poanes viator (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
  • Poanes yehl (Skinner, 1893)
  • Poanes zabulon (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Polites baracoa (Lucas, 1857)
  • Polites carus (W. H. Edwards, 1883)
  • Polites draco (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
  • Polites mardon (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Polites mystic (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Polites origenes (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Polites peckius (W. Kirby, 1837)
  • Polites rhesus (W. H. Edwards, 1878)
  • Polites sabuleti (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Polites sonora (Scudder, 1872)
  • Polites subreticulata (Plötz, 1883)
  • Polites themistocles (Latreille, 1824)
  • Polites vibex (Geyer, 1832)
  • Polygonus leo (Gmelin, 1790)
  • Polygonus savigny (Latreille, 1824)
  • Polythrix asine (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Polythrix mexicanus H. Freeman, 1969
  • Polythrix octomaculata (Sepp, 1844)
  • Pompeius verna (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
  • Problema bulenta (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Problema byssus (W. H. Edwards, 1880)
  • Proteides mercurius (Fabricius, 1787)
  • Pseudocopaeodes eunus (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Pyrgus albescens Plötz, 1884
  • Pyrgus centaureae (Rambur, 1842)
  • Pyrgus communis (Grote, 1872)
  • Pyrgus oileus (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Pyrgus philetas W. H. Edwards, 1881
  • Pyrgus ruralis (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Pyrgus scriptura (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Pyrgus xanthus W. H. Edwards, 1878
  • Quasimellana eulogius (Plötz, 1882)
  • Quasimellana mexicana (E. Bell, 1942)
  • Rhinthon osca (Plötz, 1882)
  • Sostrata bifasciata (Ménétriés, 1829)
  • Sostrata nordica Evans, 1953
  • Spathilepia clonius (Cramer, 1775)
  • Stallingsia maculosus (H. Freeman, 1955)
  • Staphylus azteca (Scudder, 1872)
  • Staphylus ceos (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Staphylus hayhurstii (W. H. Edwards, 1870)
  • Staphylus mazans (Reakirt, 1867)
  • Stinga morrisoni (W. H. Edwards, 1878)
  • Synapte malitiosa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)
  • Synapte pecta Evans, 1955
  • Synapte salenus (Mabille, 1883)
  • Synapte shiva (Evans, 1955)
  • Synapte syraces (Godman, 1901)
  • Systasea pulverulenta (R. Felder, 1869)
  • Systasea zampa (W. H. Edwards, 1876)
  • Tagiades insularis Mabille, 1876
  • Thespieus macareus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Thessia jalapus (Plötz, 1881)
  • Thorybes bathyllus (J. E. Smith, 1797)
  • Thorybes confusis E. Bell, 1923
  • Thorybes diversus E. Bell, 1927
  • Thorybes drusius (W. H. Edwards, 1884)
  • Thorybes mexicana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Thorybes pylades (Scudder, 1870)
  • Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
  • Timochares ruptifasciata (Plötz, 1884)
  • Typhedanus undulatus (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935)
  • Urbanus dorantes (Stoll, 1790)
  • Urbanus doryssus (Swainson, 1831)
  • Urbanus esmeraldus (Butler, 1877)
  • Urbanus procne (Plötz, 1881)
  • Urbanus pronus Evans, 1952
  • Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Urbanus simplicius (Stoll, 1790)
  • Urbanus tanna Evans, 1952
  • Urbanus teleus (Hübner, 1821)
  • Urbanus velinus (Plötz, 1880)
  • Vettius fantasos (Cramer, 1780)
  • Vidius perigenes (Godman, 1900)
  • Wallengrenia egeremet (Scudder, 1863)
  • Wallengrenia otho (J. E. Smith, 1797)
  • Windia windi H. Freeman, 1969
  • Xenophanes tryxus (Stoll in Cramer, 1780)
  • Zestusa dorus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)

Подврсте

  • Achalarus albociliatus albociliatus (Mabille, 1877)
  • Agathymus alliae alliae (D. Stallings and Turner, 1957)
  • Agathymus alliae paiute Roever in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Agathymus baueri baueri (D. Stallings and Turner, 1954)
  • Agathymus baueri freemani D. Stallings and Turner, 1960
  • Agathymus estelleae valverdiensis H. Freeman, 1966
  • Agathymus mariae chinatiensis H. Freeman, 1964
  • Agathymus mariae lajitaensis H. Freeman, 1964
  • Agathymus mariae mariae (W. Barnes and Benjamin, 1924)
  • Agathymus mariae rindgei H. Freeman, 1964
  • Agathymus neumoegeni carlsbadensis (D. Stallings and Turner, 1957)
  • Agathymus neumoegeni chisosensis (H. Freeman, 1952)
  • Agathymus neumoegeni diabloensis H. Freeman, 1962
  • Agathymus neumoegeni florenceae (D. Stallings and Turner, 1957)
  • Agathymus neumoegeni judithae (D. Stallings and Turner, 1957)
  • Agathymus neumoegeni mcalpinei (H. Freeman, 1955)
  • Agathymus neumoegeni neumoegeni (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Aguna asander asander (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Amblyscirtes aenus aenus W. H. Edwards, 1878
  • Amblyscirtes aenus erna H. Freeman, 1943
  • Amblyscirtes aenus megamacula Scott, 1998
  • Amblyscirtes elissa arizonae H. Freeman, 1993
  • Amblyscirtes elissa elissa Godman, 1900
  • Amblyscirtes fimbriata fimbriata (Plötz, 1882)
  • Amblyscirtes fimbriata pallida H. Freeman, 1993
  • Amblyscirtes tolteca prenda Evans, 1955
  • Amblyscirtes tolteca tolteca Scudder, 1872
  • Anastrus sempiternus sempiternus (Butler and H. Druce, 1872)
  • Anatrytone logan lagus (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Anatrytone logan logan (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Apyrrothrix araxes arizonae (Godman and Salvin, 1893)
  • Arteurotia tractipennis tractipennis Butler and H. Druce, 1872
  • Astraptes alardus alardus (Stoll, 1790)
  • Astraptes alardus latia Evans, 1952
  • Astraptes alector hopfferi (Plötz, 1881)
  • Astraptes anaphus anaphus (Cramer, 1777)
  • Astraptes anaphus annetta Evans, 1952
  • Astraptes egregius egregius (Butler, 1870)
  • Astraptes fulgerator azul (Reakirt, 1867)
  • Astraptes fulgerator fulgerator (Walch, 1775)
  • Astraptes galesus cassius Evans, 1952
  • Astraptes galesus galesus (Mabille, 1888)
  • Astraptes latimargo latimargo (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Atalopedes campestris campestris (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Atalopedes campestris huron (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Atrytone arogos arogos (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Atrytone arogos iowa (Scudder, 1868)
  • Atrytonopsis hianna hianna (Scudder, 1868)
  • Atrytonopsis hianna turneri H. Freeman, 1948
  • Bolla brennus brennus (Godman and Salvin, 1896)
  • Cabares potrillo potrillo (Lucas, 1857)
  • Carrhenes canescens canescens (R. Felder, 1869)
  • Carterocephalus palaemon magnus Mattoon and Tilden in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Carterocephalus palaemon mandan (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Carterocephalus palaemon mesapano (Scudder, 1868)
  • Carterocephalus palaemon skada (W. H. Edwards, 1870)
  • Chiomara asychis asychis (Stoll in Cramer, 1780)
  • Chiomara georgina georgina (Reakirt, 1868)
  • Chiomara georgina pelagica (Weeks, 1891)
  • Codatractus alcaeus alcaeus (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Cogia caicus caicus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Cogia caicus moschus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Cogia hippalus hippalus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Cymaenes odilia odilia (Burmeister, 1878)
  • Cymaenes tripunctus tripunctus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)
  • Decinea decinea derisor (Mabille, 1891)
  • Dyscophellus euribates euribates (Stoll, 1782)
  • Epargyreus clarus californicus MacNeill in Howe, 1975
  • Epargyreus clarus clarus (Cramer, 1775)
  • Epargyreus clarus huachuca Dixon, 1955
  • Epargyreus clarus profugus Austin in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Epargyreus exadeus cruza Evans, 1952
  • Epargyreus zestos zestos (Geyer, 1832)
  • Ephyriades brunnea floridensis E. Bell and W. Comstock, 1948
  • Erionota thrax thrax (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Erynnis brizo brizo (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Erynnis brizo burgessi (Skinner, 1914)
  • Erynnis brizo lacustra (W. G. Wright, 1905)
  • Erynnis brizo somnus (Lintner, 1881)
  • Erynnis juvenalis clitus (W. H. Edwards, 1883)
  • Erynnis juvenalis juvenalis (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Erynnis meridianus meridianus E. Bell, 1927
  • Erynnis pacuvius callidus (F. Grinnell, 1904)
  • Erynnis pacuvius lilius (Dyar, 1904)
  • Erynnis pacuvius pacuvius (Lintner, 1878)
  • Erynnis pacuvius pernigra (F. Grinnell, 1905)
  • Erynnis persius avinoffi (W. Holland, 1930)
  • Erynnis persius borealis (M. Cary, 1906)
  • Erynnis persius fredericki H. Freeman, 1943
  • Erynnis persius persius (Scudder, 1863)
  • Erynnis tristis tatius (W. H. Edwards, 1883)
  • Erynnis tristis tristis (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Euphyes bimacula arbogasti Gatrelle, 1999
  • Euphyes bimacula bimacula (Grote and Robinson, 1867)
  • Euphyes bimacula illinois (Dodge, 1872)
  • Euphyes conspicua buchholzi (P. Ehrlich and Gillham, 1951)
  • Euphyes conspicua conspicua (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Euphyes conspicua orono (Scudder, 1872)
  • Euphyes dukesi calhouni Shuey, 1996
  • Euphyes dukesi dukesi (Lindsey, 1923)
  • Euphyes pilatka klotsi L. Miller, Harvey and J. Miller, 1985
  • Euphyes pilatka pilatka (W. H. Edwards, 1867)
  • Euphyes vestris harbisoni J. Brown and McGuire, 1983
  • Euphyes vestris kiowah (Reakirt, 1866)
  • Euphyes vestris metacomet (T. Harris, 1862)
  • Euphyes vestris vestris (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Gorgythion begga begga (Prittwitz, 1868)
  • Gorgythion begga pyralina (Möschler, 1877)
  • Grais stigmaticus stigmaticus (Mabille, 1883)
  • Heliopetes laviana laviana (Hewitson, 1868)
  • Heliopetes macaira macaira (Reakirt, 1867)
  • Heliopetes macaira orbigera (Mabille, 1888)
  • Heliopyrgus domicella domicella (Erichson, 1849)
  • Hesperia attalus attalus (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
  • Hesperia attalus nigrescens Gatrelle, 1999
  • Hesperia attalus slossonae (Skinner, 1890)
  • Hesperia colorado colorado (Scudder, 1874)
  • Hesperia colorado dodgei (E. Bell, 1927)
  • Hesperia colorado harpalus (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Hesperia colorado idaho (W. H. Edwards, 1883)
  • Hesperia colorado leussleri Lindsey, 1940
  • Hesperia colorado mattoonorum McGuire in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia colorado mojavensis Austin and McGuire in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia colorado ochracea Lindsey, 1941
  • Hesperia colorado oregonia (W. H. Edwards, 1883)
  • Hesperia colorado oroplata Scott, 1981
  • Hesperia colorado susanae L. Miller, 1962
  • Hesperia colorado tildeni H. Freeman, 1956
  • Hesperia comma borealis Lindsey, 1942
  • Hesperia comma comma (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Hesperia comma hulbirti Lindsey, 1939
  • Hesperia comma laurentina (Lyman, 1892)
  • Hesperia comma manitoba (Scudder, 1874)
  • Hesperia leonardus leonardus T. Harris, 1862
  • Hesperia leonardus montana (Skinner, 1911)
  • Hesperia leonardus pawnee Dodge, 1874
  • Hesperia lindseyi eldorado J. Emmel, T. Emmel and Mattoon in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia lindseyi lindseyi (W. Holland, 1930)
  • Hesperia lindseyi macneilli J. Emmel, T. Emmel and Mattoon in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia lindseyi mccorklei P. Severns and D. Severns, 2005
  • Hesperia lindseyi septentrionalis J. Emmel, T. Emmel and Mattoon in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia meskei meskei (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
  • Hesperia meskei pinocayo Gatrelle and Minno in Gatrelle, Minno and Grkovich, 2003
  • Hesperia meskei straton (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Hesperia metea intermedia Gatrelle in Gatrelle, Minno and Grkovich, 2003
  • Hesperia metea licinus (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
  • Hesperia metea metea Scudder, 1863
  • Hesperia miriamae longaevicola McGuire in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia miriamae miriamae MacNeill, 1959
  • Hesperia nevada nevada (Scudder, 1874)
  • Hesperia nevada sierra Austin, J. Emmel, T. Emmel and Mattoon in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia pahaska martini MacNeill, 1964
  • Hesperia pahaska pahaska Leussler, 1938
  • Hesperia pahaska williamsi Lindsey, 1940
  • Hesperia sassacus manitoboides (J. Fletcher, 1889)
  • Hesperia sassacus nantahala Gatrelle and Grkovich in Gatrelle, Minno and Grkovich, 2003
  • Hesperia sassacus sassacus T. Harris, 1862
  • Hesperia uncas fulvapalla Austin and McGuire in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia uncas giulianii McGuire in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia uncas grandiosa Austin and McGuire in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia uncas lasus (W. H. Edwards, 1884)
  • Hesperia uncas macswaini MacNeill, 1964
  • Hesperia uncas reeseorum Austin and McGuire in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia uncas terraclivosa Austin and McGuire in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperia uncas uncas W. H. Edwards, 1863
  • Hesperopsis alpheus alpheus (W. H. Edwards, 1876)
  • Hesperopsis alpheus oricus (W. H. Edwards, 1879)
  • Hesperopsis alpheus texana Scott, 1981
  • Hesperopsis libya confertiblanca Scott, 1992
  • Hesperopsis libya joaquina J. Emmel, T. Emmel and Mattoon in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Hesperopsis libya lena (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
  • Hesperopsis libya libya (Scudder, 1878)
  • Hylephila phyleus phyleus (Drury, 1773)
  • Lerodea eufala eufala (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
  • Megathymus cofaqui cofaqui (Strecker, 1876)
  • Megathymus cofaqui slotteni Gatrelle, 1999
  • Megathymus streckeri leussleri W. Holland, 1931
  • Megathymus streckeri streckeri (Skinner, 1895)
  • Megathymus streckeri texana W. Barnes and McDunnough, 1912
  • Megathymus ursus deserti R. Wielgus, J. Wielgus and D. Wielgus, 1972
  • Megathymus ursus ursus Poling, 1902
  • Megathymus ursus violae D. Stallings and Turner, 1956
  • Megathymus yuccae coloradensis C. Riley, 1878
  • Megathymus yuccae harbisoni J. Emmel and T. Emmel in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Megathymus yuccae louiseae H. Freeman, 1963
  • Megathymus yuccae martini D. Stallings and Turner, 1956
  • Megathymus yuccae navajo Skinner, 1911
  • Megathymus yuccae reinthali H. Freeman, 1963
  • Megathymus yuccae reubeni D. Stallings, Turner and V. Stallings, 1963
  • Megathymus yuccae wilsonorum D. Stallings and Turner, 1958
  • Megathymus yuccae yuccae (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
  • Nyctelius nyctelius nyctelius (Latreille, 1824)
  • Oarisma garita garita (Reakirt, 1866)
  • Ochlodes agricola agricola (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Ochlodes agricola nemorum (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Ochlodes agricola verus (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Ochlodes sylvanoides bonnevilla Scott, 1981
  • Ochlodes sylvanoides catalina J. Emmel and T. Emmel in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Ochlodes sylvanoides napa (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
  • Ochlodes sylvanoides omnigena Austin in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Ochlodes sylvanoides orecoasta Scott, 1981
  • Ochlodes sylvanoides santacruza Scott, 1981
  • Ochlodes sylvanoides sylvanoides (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Ochlodes yuma anasazi S. Cary and Stanford, 1995
  • Ochlodes yuma lutea Austin in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Ochlodes yuma sacramentorum Austin in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Ochlodes yuma scudderi (Skinner, 1899)
  • Ochlodes yuma yuma (W. H. Edwards, 1873)
  • Panoquina ocola ocola (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Panoquina panoquinoides panoquinoides (Skinner, 1891)
  • Pellicia dimidiata dimidiata Herrich-Schäffer, 1870
  • Perichares philetes adela (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Phocides pigmalion okeechobee (Worthington, 1881)
  • Phocides polybius lilea (Reakirt, 1867)
  • Piruna aea mexicana H. Freeman, 1979
  • Poanes aaroni aaroni (Skinner, 1890)
  • Poanes aaroni bordeloni Gatrelle, 2000
  • Poanes aaroni howardi (Skinner, 1896)
  • Poanes aaroni minimus Gatrelle, 1999
  • Poanes hobomok hobomok (T. Harris, 1862)
  • Poanes hobomok monofacies Gatrelle, 2002
  • Poanes hobomok wetona Scott, 1981
  • Poanes massasoit chermocki W. Andersen and Simmons, 1976
  • Poanes massasoit massasoit (Scudder, 1863)
  • Poanes melane melane (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
  • Poanes melane vitellina (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Poanes viator viator (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
  • Poanes viator zizaniae Shapiro, 1971
  • Polites baracoa baracoa (Lucas, 1857)
  • Polites mardon klamathensis Mattoon, J. Emmel and T. Emmel in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Polites mardon mardon (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Polites mystic dacotah (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
  • Polites mystic mystic (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Polites origenes origenes (Fabricius, 1793)
  • Polites origenes rhena (W. H. Edwards, 1878)
  • Polites peckius peckius (W. Kirby, 1837)
  • Polites peckius surllano Scott, 2006
  • Polites sabuleti aestivalis J. Emmel, T. Emmel and Mattoon in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Polites sabuleti albamontana Austin, 1987
  • Polites sabuleti alkaliensis Austin, 1987
  • Polites sabuleti basinensis Austin, 1988
  • Polites sabuleti channelensis J. Emmel and T. Emmel in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Polites sabuleti chusca (W. H. Edwards, 1873)
  • Polites sabuleti genoa (Plötz, 1883)
  • Polites sabuleti ministigma Scott, 1981
  • Polites sabuleti nigrescens Austin, 1987
  • Polites sabuleti sabuleti (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Polites sabuleti sinemaculata Austin, 1987
  • Polites sabuleti tecumseh (F. Grinnell, 1903)
  • Polites sonora flavaventris Austin in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Polites sonora longinqua Austin in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Polites sonora siris (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Polites sonora sonora (Scudder, 1872)
  • Polites sonora utahensis (Skinner, 1911)
  • Polites themistocles themistocles (Latreille, 1824)
  • Polites themistocles turneri H. Freeman, 1944
  • Polites vibex brettoides (W. H. Edwards, 1883)
  • Polites vibex praeceps (Scudder, 1872)
  • Polites vibex vibex (Geyer, 1832)
  • Polygonus leo arizonensis (Skinner, 1911)
  • Polygonus leo histrio Röber, 1925
  • Polygonus leo leo (Gmelin, 1790)
  • Polygonus leo pallida Röber, 1925
  • Polygonus savigny savigny (Latreille, 1824)
  • Problema byssus byssus (W. H. Edwards, 1880)
  • Problema byssus kumskaka (Scudder, 1887)
  • Proteides mercurius mercurius (Fabricius, 1787)
  • Proteides mercurius sanantonio (Lucas, 1857)
  • Pseudocopaeodes eunus alinea Scott, 1981
  • Pseudocopaeodes eunus eunus (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
  • Pseudocopaeodes eunus flavus Austin and J. Emmel in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus Austin and J. Emmel in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Pyrgus centaureae freija (B. Warren, 1924)
  • Pyrgus centaureae loki Evans, 1953
  • Pyrgus centaureae wyandot (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
  • Pyrgus communis communis (Grote, 1872)
  • Pyrgus ruralis lagunae Scott, 1981
  • Pyrgus ruralis ruralis (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Pyrgus scriptura apertorum Austin in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Pyrgus scriptura scriptura (Boisduval, 1852)
  • Thorybes mexicana aemilea (Skinner, 1893)
  • Thorybes mexicana blanca Scott, 1981
  • Thorybes mexicana dobra Evans, 1952
  • Thorybes mexicana mexicana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Thorybes mexicana nevada Scudder, 1872
  • Thorybes pylades albosuffusa H. Freeman, 1943
  • Thorybes pylades indistinctus Austin and J. Emmel in T. Emmel, 1998
  • Thorybes pylades pylades (Scudder, 1870)
  • Thymelicus lineola lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
  • Urbanus dorantes dorantes (Stoll, 1790)
  • Urbanus dorantes santiago (Lucas, 1857)
  • Urbanus doryssus doryssus (Swainson, 1831)
  • Urbanus proteus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Wallengrenia otho clavus (Erichson, 1849)
  • Wallengrenia otho otho (J. E. Smith, 1797)

Извори

  1. ^ Brower & Warren (2008)
  2. ^ Ackery et al. (1999)

Литература

  • Ackery, P.R.; de Jong, R.; Vane-Wright, R.I. (1999). The Butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidae. In: Kristensen, N.P. (ed.): Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 35: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies Vol.1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. стр. 263—300. 
  • Brower, Andrew V.Z.; Warren, Andrew (2008). „Tree of Life Web Project – Hesperiidae Version of 7. 4. 2008. Retrieved 24. 12. 2009.”. 
  • Brower, Andrew V. Z. & Warren, Andrew (2006). "The higher classification of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)". Retrieved October 26, 2012.
  • Evans, W. H. (1951). "A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I. Pyrrhophyginae". London, British Museum. 92 pp. + p15. 1–9.
  • Evans, W. H. (1952). "A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I". London, British Museum. 178 pp. + pls. 10–25.
  • Evans, W. H. (1953). "A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Pyrginae. Section II". London, British Museum. 246 pp. + pls. 26–53.
  • Evans, W. H. (1955). "A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae". London, British Museum. 499 pp. + pls. 54–88.
  • Heikkilä, M.; Kaila, L.; Mutanen, M.; Peña, C. & Wahlberg, N. (2012). "Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279(1731), 1093–1099.
  • Kawahara, A. Y., & Breinholt, J. W. (2014). "Phylogenomics provides strong evidence for relationships of butterflies and moths". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1788), 20140970.
  • Korolev, Vladimir A. (2014). "Catalogus on the collection of Lepidoptera. Part I. Hesperiidae". Moscow, 310 p. ISBN 978-5-00077-066-5
  • Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
  • Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
  • James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
  • Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
  • Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)

Спољашње везе

Скелари на Викимедијиној остави.

Викиврсте имају више информација о чланку Скелари.