Lithyamu

Lithium, ₃Li
	Lithium floating in oil
Lithium
Pronunciation	/ˈlɪθiəm/ (LITH-ee-əm)
Appearance	silvery-white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Li)
	[6.938, 6.997]; 6.94±0.06 (abridged);
Lithium in the periodic table
	helium ← lithium → beryllium
Atomic number (Z)	3
Group	group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals
Period	period 2
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s1
Electrons per shell	2, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	453.65 K (180.50 °C, 356.90 °F)
Boiling point	1603 K (1330 °C, 2426 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	0.534 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	0.512 g/cm3
Critical point	3220 K, 67 MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion	3.00 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	136 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.860 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.98
Ionization energies	1st: 520.2 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 7298.1 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 11815.0 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 152 pm
Covalent radius	128±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	182 pm
	Spectral lines of lithium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	6000 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	46 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	84.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	92.8 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+14.2×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	4.9 GPa
Shear modulus	4.2 GPa
Bulk modulus	11 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.6
Brinell hardness	5 MPa
CAS Number	7439-93-2
History
Discovery	Johan August Arfwedson (1817)
First isolation	William Thomas Brande (1821)
Isotopes of lithium v; e;
	Template:infobox lithium isotopes does not exist
	Category: Lithium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Nkhani iyi njambula kumala. Pala mukumanya vinandi vakukhwaskana na Lithyamu, chonde sazgilanipo ivo mukumanya kuti ikule

Lithyamu (Lithium) ni chimoza mwa visungunu icho chili na chimanyikwiro cha 'Li' na chipenda-atomu cha 3.

Ukaboni

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lithium". CIAAW. 2009.
↑ Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride clusters; see Milovanović, Milan; Veličković, Suzana; Veljkovićb, Filip; Jerosimić, Stanka (October 30, 2017). "Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride Li_nCl_m^(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (45). doi:10.1039/C7CP04181K.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Lithium". CIAAW. 2009.

[2] Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride clusters; see Milovanović, Milan; Veličković, Suzana; Veljkovićb, Filip; Jerosimić, Stanka (October 30, 2017). "Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride Li_nCl_m^(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (45). doi:10.1039/C7CP04181K.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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