金的同位素
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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金(原子量:196.966569(4))有1種穩定同位素(197Au)及36種放射性同位素。
金-197是觀測上穩定的同位素,即理論上具有放射性,但實驗中未有觀察到。現時,金被認定是最重的單一同位素元素。
圖表
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[2][n 2] |
衰變 產物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | |||||||||
169Au | 79 | 90 | 168.99808(32)# | 150# µs | 1/2+# | ||||
170Au | 79 | 91 | 169.99612(22)# | 310(50) µs [286(+50−40) µs] |
(2−) | ||||
170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) µs [0.62(+6−5) ms] |
(9+) | ||||||
171Au | 79 | 92 | 170.991879(28) | 30(5) µs | p | 170Pt | (1/2+) | ||
α (不常見) | 167Ir | ||||||||
171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1.014(19) ms | α (54%) | 167Ir | 11/2− | ||||
p (46%) | 170Pt | ||||||||
172Au | 79 | 93 | 171.99004(17)# | 4.7(11) ms | α (98%) | 168Ir | high | ||
p (2%) | 171Pt | ||||||||
173Au | 79 | 94 | 172.986237(28) | 25(1) ms | α | 169Ir | (1/2+) | ||
β+ (不常見) | 173Pt | ||||||||
173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14.0(9) ms | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | ||||
β+ (4%) | 173Pt | ||||||||
174Au | 79 | 95 | 173.98476(11)# | 139(3) ms | α | 170Ir | low | ||
β+ (不常見) | 174Pt | ||||||||
174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) ms | high | ||||||
175Au | 79 | 96 | 174.98127(5) | 100# ms | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2+# | ||
β+ (18%) | 175Pt | ||||||||
175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) ms | α | 171Ir | 11/2−# | ||||
β+ | 175Pt | ||||||||
176Au | 79 | 97 | 175.98010(11)# | 1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s] |
α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | ||
β+ (40%) | 176Pt | ||||||||
176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | ||||||
177Au | 79 | 98 | 176.976865(14) | 1.462(32) s | β+ (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2+,3/2+) | ||
α (40%) | 173Ir | ||||||||
177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1.180(12) s | 11/2− | ||||||
178Au | 79 | 99 | 177.97603(6) | 2.6(5) s | β+ (60%) | 178Pt | |||
α (40%) | 174Ir | ||||||||
179Au | 79 | 100 | 178.973213(18) | 7.1(3) s | β+ (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2−# | ||
α (22%) | 175Ir | ||||||||
179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | |||||||
180Au | 79 | 101 | 179.972521(23) | 8.1(3) s | β+ (98.2%) | 180Pt | |||
α (1.8%) | 176Ir | ||||||||
181Au | 79 | 102 | 180.970079(21) | 13.7(14) s | β+ (97.3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | ||
α (2.7%) | 177Ir | ||||||||
182Au | 79 | 103 | 181.969618(22) | 15.5(4) s | β+ (99.87%) | 182Pt | (2+) | ||
α (.13%) | 178Ir | ||||||||
183Au | 79 | 104 | 182.967593(11) | 42.8(10) s | β+ (99.2%) | 183Pt | (5/2)− | ||
α (.8%) | 179Ir | ||||||||
183m1Au | 73.3(4) keV | >1 µs | (1/2)+ | ||||||
183m2Au | 230.6(6) keV | <1 µs | (11/2)− | ||||||
184Au | 79 | 105 | 183.967452(24) | 20.6(9) s | β+ | 184Pt | 5+ | ||
184mAu | 68.46(1) keV | 47.6(14) s | β+ (70%) | 184Pt | 2+ | ||||
IT (30%) | 184Au | ||||||||
α (.013%) | 180Ir | ||||||||
185Au | 79 | 106 | 184.965789(28) | 4.25(6) min | β+ (99.74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | ||
α (.26%) | 181Ir | ||||||||
185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6.8(3) min | 1/2+# | ||||||
186Au | 79 | 107 | 185.965953(23) | 10.7(5) min | β+ (99.9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | ||
α (8×10−4%) | 182Ir | ||||||||
186mAu | 227.77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | ||||||
187Au | 79 | 108 | 186.964568(27) | 8.4(3) min | β+ (99.997%) | 187Pt | 1/2+ | ||
α (.003%) | 183Ir | ||||||||
187mAu | 120.51(16) keV | 2.3(1) s | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | ||||
188Au | 79 | 109 | 187.965324(22) | 8.84(6) min | β+ | 188Pt | 1(−) | ||
189Au | 79 | 110 | 188.963948(22) | 28.7(3) min | β+ (99.9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2+ | ||
α (3×10−4%) | 185Ir | ||||||||
189m1Au | 247.23(16) keV | 4.59(11) min | β+ | 189Pt | 11/2− | ||||
IT (不常見) | 189Au | ||||||||
189m2Au | 325.11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2− | ||||||
189m3Au | 2554.7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | ||||||
190Au | 79 | 111 | 189.964700(17) | 42.8(10) min | β+ | 190Pt | 1− | ||
α (10−6%) | 186Ir | ||||||||
190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) ms | IT | 190Au | 11−# | ||||
β+ (不常見) | 190Pt | ||||||||
191Au | 79 | 112 | 190.96370(4) | 3.18(8) h | β+ | 191Pt | 3/2+ | ||
191m1Au | 266.2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | ||||
191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ns | |||||||
192Au | 79 | 113 | 191.964813(17) | 4.94(9) h | β+ | 192Pt | 1− | ||
192m1Au | 135.41(25) keV | 29 ms | IT | 192Au | (5#)+ | ||||
192m2Au | 431.6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11−) | ||||||
193Au | 79 | 114 | 192.964150(11) | 17.65(15) h | β+ | 193Pt | 3/2+ | ||
193m1Au | 290.19(3) keV | 3.9(3) s | IT (99.97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | ||||
β+ (.03%) | 193Pt | ||||||||
193m2Au | 2486.5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | ||||||
194Au | 79 | 115 | 193.965365(11) | 38.02(10) h | β+ | 194Pt | 1− | ||
194m1Au | 107.4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | IT | 194Au | (5+) | ||||
194m2Au | 475.8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11−) | ||||||
195Au | 79 | 116 | 194.9650346(14) | 186.098(47) d | ε | 195Pt | 3/2+ | ||
195mAu | 318.58(4) keV | 30.5(2) s | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | ||||
196Au | 79 | 117 | 195.966570(3) | 6.1669(6) d | β+ (93.05%) | 196Pt | 2− | ||
β− (6.95%) | 196Hg | ||||||||
196m1Au | 84.660(20) keV | 8.1(2) s | IT | 196Au | 5+ | ||||
196m2Au | 595.66(4) keV | 9.6(1) h | 12− | ||||||
197Au[n 4] | 79 | 118 | 196.9665687(6) | 觀測上穩定[n 5] | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | |||
197mAu | 409.15(8) keV | 7.73(6) s | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | ||||
198Au | 79 | 119 | 197.9682423(6) | 2.69517(21) d | β− | 198Hg | 2− | ||
198m1Au | 312.2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | ||||||
198m2Au | 811.7(15) keV | 2.27(2) d | IT | 198Au | (12−) | ||||
199Au | 79 | 120 | 198.9687652(6) | 3.139(7) d | β− | 199Hg | 3/2+ | ||
199mAu | 548.9368(21) keV | 440(30) µs | (11/2)− | ||||||
200Au | 79 | 121 | 199.97073(5) | 48.4(3) min | β− | 200Hg | 1(−) | ||
200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18.7(5) h | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | ||||
IT (18%) | 200Au | ||||||||
201Au | 79 | 122 | 200.971657(3) | 26(1) min | β− | 201Hg | 3/2+ | ||
202Au | 79 | 123 | 201.97381(18) | 28.8(19) s | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | ||
203Au | 79 | 124 | 202.975155(3) | 53(2) s | β− | 203Hg | 3/2+ | ||
204Au | 79 | 125 | 203.97772(22)# | 39.8(9) s | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | ||
205Au | 79 | 126 | 204.97987(32)# | 31(2) s | β− | 205Hg | 3/2+ |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鉑的同位素 | 金的同位素 | 汞的同位素 |
註釋
- ^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
- ^ Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ^ Bold for stable isotopes
- ^ Potential material for salted bombs
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 193Ir
参考文獻
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素與同位素的穩定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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