Academy Award for Best Director
| Academy Award for Best Director | |
|---|---|
 The 2022 recipients: Daniel Kwan & Daniel Scheinert | |
| Awarded for | Excellence in Cinematic Direction Achievement |
| Country | United States |
| Presented by | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) |
| First awarded | (1929)
|
| Most recent winner | (2023) |
| Most awards | John Ford (4) |
| Most nominations | William Wyler (12) |
| Website | oscars |
The Academy Award for Best Director (officially known as the Academy Award of Merit for Directing) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. The award is traditionally presented by the previous year's Best Director winner.
The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with the award being split into "Dramatic" and "Comedy" categories; Frank Borzage and Lewis Milestone won for 7th Heaven and Two Arabian Knights, respectively.[1] However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies.[2] Nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the academy.[3][4][5]
For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year. However, after the nomination of Michael Curtiz for two films, Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters, at the 11th Academy Awards, the rules were revised so that an individual could only be nominated for one film at each ceremony.[6] That rule has since been amended, although the only director who has received multiple nominations in the same year was Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000, winning the award for the latter. The Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 88 films that won Best Picture and were also nominated for Best Director, 67 won the award.[7][8]
Since its inception, the award has been given to 74 directors or directing teams. As of the 2023 ceremony, American filmmaking duo Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert are the most recent winner in this category for their work on Everything Everywhere All at Once and the third duo to win after Robert Wise & Jerome Robbins (West Side Story) and the Coen brothers (No Country for Old Men).
Winners and nominees
In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County, California; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[9] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[10] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.[10] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[10]
Indicates the winner
|
1920s
| Year | Director(s) | Film | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1927/28 (1st) |
Frank Borzage (Dramatic Picture) | 7th Heaven | [11] |
| Herbert Brenon (Dramatic Picture) | Sorrell and Son | ||
| King Vidor (Dramatic Picture) | The Crowd | ||
| Lewis Milestone (Comedy Picture) | Two Arabian Knights | ||
| Ted Wilde (Comedy Picture) | Speedy | ||
| Charlie Chaplin (Comedy Picture) | The Circus[note 1] | [12] | |
| 1928/29 (2nd) [note 2] |
Frank Lloyd | The Divine Lady | [13] |
| Lionel Barrymore | Madame X | ||
| Harry Beaumont | The Broadway Melody | ||
| Irving Cummings | In Old Arizona | ||
| Frank Lloyd | Drag | ||
| Weary River | |||
| Ernst Lubitsch | The Patriot |
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Multiple wins and nominations
Age superlatives
| Record | Director | Film | Age | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oldest winner | Clint Eastwood | Million Dollar Baby | 74 | [108] |
| Oldest nominee | John Huston | Prizzi's Honor | 79 | [108] |
| Youngest winner | Damien Chazelle | La La Land | 32 | [108] |
| Youngest nominee | John Singleton | Boyz n the Hood | 24 | [108] |
Diversity of nominees/winners
Since its inception, there have been 467 nominations for the award and it has been given to 74 directors or directing teams.
- Six black directors have been nominated:
- (John Singleton, Lee Daniels, Steve McQueen, Barry Jenkins, Jordan Peele and Spike Lee) a total of six times in this category, and none have won the award.[109]
- Seven female directors have been nominated:
- (Lina Wertmüller, Jane Campion, Sofia Coppola, Kathryn Bigelow, Greta Gerwig, Emerald Fennell and Chloé Zhao) a total of eight times in the category, and three have won the award.[110]
- Nine Asian directors have been nominated:
- (Hiroshi Teshigahara, Akira Kurosawa, M. Night Shyamalan, Ang Lee, Bong Joon-ho, Lee Isaac Chung, Chloé Zhao, Ryusuke Hamaguchi and Daniel Kwan) a total of eleven times in the category, with five wins total.[111]
- Five Latin American directors have been nominated:
- (Héctor Babenco, Fernando Meirelles, Alejandro González Iñárritu, Alfonso Cuarón and Guillermo del Toro) a total of eight times in the category, with five wins total.[112]
Records
- John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four.
- William Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual, including a record four times in a row.
- Clarence Brown received the most nominations without a win with six.
- Damien Chazelle became the youngest director in history to receive this award, at the age of 32 for his work on La La Land.
- John Singleton became the youngest and first black director to be nominated for this award, at age 24 for his work on Boyz n the Hood.
- Three directing teams have shared the award; Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961, Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007, and Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert for Everything Everywhere All at Once in 2022.
- Only five times in Academy Award history have director-collaborators been nominated for award: Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961), Warren Beatty and Buck Henry for Heaven Can Wait (1978), Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men (2007) and True Grit (2010), and Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert for Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022).
- Only six times in Academy Award history did directors win the award for their feature film debut: Delbert Mann for Marty (1955), Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961), Robert Redford for Ordinary People (1980), James L. Brooks for Terms of Endearment (1983), Kevin Costner for Dances with Wolves and Sam Mendes for American Beauty (1999).
- Jerome Robbins is the only winner in this category that only directed one feature film his entire life.
- The Coen Brothers are the only siblings to have won the award.[113]
- Kathryn Bigelow is the first woman to have won the award for The Hurt Locker.
- Francis Ford Coppola for The Godfather Trilogy is the only director to be nominated for each film of a trilogy, winning one for the sequel.
- John Ford (1940–1941), Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1949–1950), and Alejandro González Iñárritu (2014–2015) are the only three directors to have won two years consecutively for this category.
- Ang Lee is the first Asian director to have won the award for Brokeback Mountain. He won again for Life of Pi.
- Alfonso Cuarón became the first Mexican director (and Latin American) to have won the award for Gravity. He won again for Roma.
- Chloé Zhao became the first woman of color to have won the award for Nomadland.
Notes
- ^ The Circus originally received a nomination for Best Director (Comedy Picture), as well as nominations for Best Actor and Best Writing (Original Story), all for Charles Chaplin. However, the Academy subsequently decided to remove Chaplin's name from the competitive award categories and instead to confer upon him a Special Award "for acting, writing, directing and producing The Circus". Chilton, Martin (May 16, 2016). "The first Oscars: what happened in 1929". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on May 19, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges.
- ^ Michael Curtiz was not on the original ballot of nominees. However, after the year prior with Bette Davis's omission for Of Human Bondage, the resulting furor led to a write-in campaign determined to secure her a nomination. Thus, the Academy relaxed their rules and allowed her performance to be amongst the competition. They permitted this once more, prompting further submissions: Curtiz; Paul Muni for Black Fury; and several other categories, including Hal Mohr for A Midsummer Night's Dream. Ultimately, Mohr became the only person to win an Oscar as a result of this process. The Academy discontinued this option from the next ceremony forward to prevent any recurrence.
- ^ The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
See also
- BAFTA Award for Best Direction
- Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director
- Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film
- Golden Globe Award for Best Director
- Independent Spirit Award for Best Director
References
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The effort nearly pushed Paul Muni and Michael Curtiz to respective wins in Best Actor and Best Director, despite their absences from the ballot.
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Bibliography
- Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3.
- Levy, Emanuel (2003). All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-1452-6.
External links
- Oscars.org (official Academy site)
- The Academy Awards Database (official site)
- Oscar.com (official ceremony promotional site)
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