激素替代療法
关于跨性别者进行的激素疗法,请见「
GAHT 」。
维基百科 中的醫學内容
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激素替代療法 (英語:hormone replacement therapy , HRT ;menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)、postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT, PMHT))或荷爾蒙補充療法 。是一種荷爾蒙療法 ,用於治療女性更年期相關的症狀。[ 註 1] [ 1] [ 2] 這些症狀可能包括潮熱 ,陰道萎縮 和乾燥,以及骨質流失等,並且是由更年期 期間性激素水平降低引起的。[ 3] [ 4] 激素替代療法用於更年期 症狀的主要激素藥物是雌激素 和孕激素 。[ 5] 對於擁有完整子宮 的女性 ,孕激素 通常與雌激素 聯合使用,因為無對抗的雌激素 治療與子宮內膜增生 和癌症有關,而孕激素 可預防這些風險。[ 5] [ 6] [ 7] 像睾酮 這樣的雄激素 有時也用於激素替代療法。[ 8] 激素替代療法藥物有多種形式,可通過各種不同的給藥途徑 使用。[ 5]
注释
^ 性别肯定激素治疗(GAHT)也属于HRT,一般而言,HRT是对于顺性别女性的激素补充疗法,为了区分,本条目不包含GAHT的内容介绍。
參考資料
^ Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JV, Santen RJ. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. November 2015, 100 (11): 3975–4011. PMID 26444994 . doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2236 .
^ Santen RJ, Allred DC, Ardoin SP, Archer DF, Boyd N, Braunstein GD, Burger HG, Colditz GA, Davis SR, Gambacciani M, Gower BA, Henderson VW, Jarjour WN, Karas RH, Kleerekoper M, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Marsden J, Martin KA, Martin L, Pinkerton JV, Rubinow DR, Teede H, Thiboutot DM, Utian WH. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. July 2010, 95 (7 Suppl 1): s1–s66. PMID 20566620 . doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2509 .
^ Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JV, Santen RJ. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. November 2015, 100 (11): 3975–4011. PMID 26444994 . doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2236 .
^ Santen RJ, Allred DC, Ardoin SP, Archer DF, Boyd N, Braunstein GD, Burger HG, Colditz GA, Davis SR, Gambacciani M, Gower BA, Henderson VW, Jarjour WN, Karas RH, Kleerekoper M, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Marsden J, Martin KA, Martin L, Pinkerton JV, Rubinow DR, Teede H, Thiboutot DM, Utian WH. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. July 2010, 95 (7 Suppl 1): s1–s66. PMID 20566620 . doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2509 .
^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kuhl H. Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration (PDF) . Climacteric. 2005,. 8 Suppl 1: 3–63 [2018-08-17 ] . PMID 16112947 . doi:10.1080/13697130500148875 . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2019-03-27).
^ Shuster, Lynne T.; Rhodes, Deborah J.; Gostout, Bobbie S.; Grossardt, Brandon R.; Rocca, Walter A. Premature menopause or early menopause: Long-term health consequences . Maturitas. 2010, 65 (2): 161–166. ISSN 0378-5122 . PMC 2815011 . PMID 19733988 . doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.08.003 .
^ Eden, K.J., & Wylie, K.R. (2009). Quality of sexual life and menopause. Women’s Health, 5 (4), 385-396. doi :10.2217/whe.09.24
^ Ziaei, S., Moghasemi, M., & Faghihzadeh, S. (2010). Comparative effects of conventional hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on climacteric symptoms and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Climateric, 13, 147-156. doi :10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.04.014
參見
外部連結
主題 雌激素酯
雌激素酯
雌二醇酯
乙酸雌二醇
乙酰水杨酸雌二醇
邻氨基苯甲酸雌二醇
苯甲酸雌二醇
丁酸苯甲酸雌二醇
苯甲酸雌二醇环辛烯醚
丁酰乙酸雌二醇
雌二醇乙酸环辛酯
环戊丙酸雌二醇
癸酸雌二醇
二乙酸雌二醇
二丁酸雌二醇
二庚酸雌二醇
二丙酸雌二醇
二硬脂酸雌二醇
二硫酸雌二醇
双十一酸雌二醇
双十一烯酸雌二醇
庚酸雌二醇
糠酸雌二醇
葡糖苷酸雌二醇
半琥珀酸雌二醇
六氢苯甲酸雌二醇
一丙酸雌二醇
Estradiol mustard
棕榈酸雌二醇
苯基丙酸雌二醇
磷酸雌二醇
叔戊酸雌二醇
丙氧苯基丙酸雌二醇
水杨酸雌二醇
硬脂酸雌二醇
氨基磺酸雌二醇
硫酸雌二醇
十一酸雌二醇
十一烯酸雌二醇
戊酸雌二醇
聚磷酸雌二醇
磷酸雌莫司汀
相關激素
雌激素
ER(雌激素受體 ) 激動劑
(甾體 類) Alfatradiol
某些雄激素 /合成类固醇(e.g., testosterone, testosterone esters, methyltestosterone, metandienone, nandrolone esters) (via estrogenic metabolites)
某些黃體製劑 (例如:諾瑞酮 ,左炔诺孕酮二醋酸酯 ,替前列酮 )
氯米酮
醋酸邻雌二醇
共轭雌三醇
共轭雌激素
环雌三醇
环雌甲酮
酯化雌激素
雌四醇 †
雌二醇
Estradiol esters (e.g., estradiol acetate, estradiol benzoate, estradiol cypionate, estradiol enanthate, estradiol undecylate, estradiol valerate , polyestradiol phosphate , estradiol ester mixtures (Climacteron))
Estramustine phosphate
Estriol
Estriol esters (e.g., estriol succinate, polyestriol phosphate)
Estrogenic substances
Estrone
Estrone esters
* Estrone sulfate
* Estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate)
Ethinylestradiol#
* Ethinylestradiol sulfonate
Hydroxyestrone diacetate
Mestranol
Methylestradiol
Moxestrol
Nilestriol
Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA)
Prasterone enanthate
Prasterone sulfate
Promestriene
Quinestradol
Quinestrol
(非甾體類 ) Benzestrol
Bifluranol
Chlorotrianisene
Dienestrol
双乙酸双烯雌酚
乙烯雌酚 (己烯雌酚 (stilbestrol))
Diethylstilbestrol esters/ethers
Dimestrol (diethylstilbestrol dimethyl ether)
Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)
Mestilbol (diethylstilbestrol monomethyl ether)
Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)
Hexestrol
Hexestrol esters
Methallenestril
Methestrol (promethestrol)
Methestrol dipropionate (promethestrol dipropionate)
Paroxypropione
Quadrosilan
Triphenylbromoethylene
Triphenylchloroethylene
Zeranol
促性腺激素
抗雌激素
ER拮抗剂 (包含SERMs /SERDs)
异炔诺酮 †
阿诺尔定
贝那普利
溴丙雌酚
可洛米芬#
环苯基酚
左旋氯米芬 †
依匹替司醇
拉索瑞烯
美匹替坦
奥美洛昔芬
奥司贝麦芬
雷洛昔芬
他莫昔芬 #
托瑞米芬
(完全抗性的) 依瑞雌苷
氟維司群
(不完全抗性的) 曲洛司坦
芳香酶抑制剂 抗性腺激素
雄激素 /合成類固酮 (例如 睪酮 , 睪酮酯 , nandrolone esters, oxandrolone, 氟氧孕酮 )
D2 receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (e.g., domperidone, metoclopramide , risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine , sulpiride)
GnRH agonists (e.g., leuprorelin, goserelin)
GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix, elagolix)
Progestogens (e.g., chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate , gestonorone caproate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate)
其他
混合作用机制: Danazol
Gestrinone
雄烯二酮 抗原 : Androvax(雄烯二酮白蛋白)
Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
參見
雌激素受体调节剂(模板)
雄激素和抗雄激素(模板)
孕激素和抗孕激素(模板)
雌激素列表
黃體素 (及黄体制剂 )
孕酮 衍生物逆孕酮 衍生物17α-羟孕酮 衍生物(and closely related)
Acetomepregenol (mepregenol diacetate)
Algestone
Algestone acetophenide
Anagestone acetate
Chlormadinone acetate
醋酸环丙孕酮
Delmadinone acetate
Flugestone acetate (flurogestone acetate)
Hydroxyprogesterone
Hydroxyprogesterone acetate
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate
Medroxyprogesterone
Medroxyprogesterone acetate #
Megestrol acetate
Melengestrol acetate
Osaterone acetate
Pentagestrone acetate
Other 17α-substitutions: Haloprogesterone
Medrogestone
Proligestone
19-去甲孕酮 衍生物(incl. 17α-substituted)
Demegestone
Gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate)
Nomegestrol acetate
Norgestomet
Promegestone
Segesterone acetate (nestorone)
Trimegestone
17α-乙炔基睾酮 衍生物19-去甲睾酮 衍生物
Estranes: Etynodiol diacetate
孕三烯酮
Lynestrenol
炔诺酮 #
醋酸炔诺酮
庚酸炔诺酮
异炔诺酮
Norgestrienone
Quingestanol acetate
替勃龙
性腺: 去氧孕烯
Dienogest
Etonogestrel
Gestodene
左炔诺孕酮 #
Norelgestromin
Norgestimate
Norgestrel
其他: Allylestrenol
Altrenogest
Norgesterone
Normethandrone (methylestrenolone)
Norvinisterone
Oxendolone
17α-Spirolactosteroid
Canrenone
Drospirenone
Potassium canrenoate
螺内酯
其他
SPRM s
Asoprisnil †
Telapristone §
Ulipristal acetate
Antiprogestogen s
激动药 抗雄激素
AR 受体拮抗剂
甾体类: Abiraterone acetate +niraparib
Canrenone
Chlormadinone acetate
醋酸环丙孕酮
Delmadinone acetate
Dienogest
Drospirenone
Medrogestone
Megestrol acetate
Nomegestrol acetate
Osaterone acetate
Oxendolone
Potassium canrenoate
螺内酯
非甾体类: Apalutamide
Bicalutamide
西咪替丁
Darolutamide
Enzalutamide
氟他胺
Ketoconazole
Nilutamide
Seviteronel†
Topilutamide (fluridil)
类固醇生成抑制剂
5α-还原酶
Alfatradiol
Dutasteride
Epristeride
Finasteride
Saw palmetto extract
其它
Abiraterone acetate +niraparib
Aminoglutethimide
Bifluranol
醋酸环丙孕酮
氟他胺
Ketoconazole
Nilutamide
Seviteronel†
螺内酯
抗促性腺激素
D2 receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (e.g., domperidone, 甲氧氯普胺 , risperidone, haloperidol, 氯丙嗪 , sulpiride)
Estrogens (e.g., bifluranol, 己烯雌酚 , 雌二醇 , estradiol esters, ethinylestradiol, ethinylestradiol sulfonate, paroxypropione)
GnRH agonists (e.g., leuprorelin)
GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix)
Progestogens (incl., chlormadinone acetate, 醋酸环丙孕酮 , hydroxyprogesterone caproate, gestonorone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate)
其它
雄烯二酮免疫剂: Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
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