Mozis

 

  Moses ( / ˈ m oʊz ɪz , - z ɪ s / ) [1] a na-ewere dị ka onye amụma kachasị mkpa na okpukpe ndị Juu na otu n'ime ndị amụma kacha mkpa na Christianity, Islam, okwukwe Druze, [2] [3] Bahá'í Faith, na okpukpe ndị ọzọ nke Abraham . Dị ka ma Akwụkwọ Nsọ na Quran si kwuo, [4] Moses bụ onye ndu nke ụmụ Israel na onye na-enye iwu bụ onye a na-akpọ onye dere ya, ma ọ bụ "nweta site na eluigwe", nke Torah (akwụkwọ ise mbụ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ). [5]

Dị ka Akwụkwọ Ọpụpụ si kwuo, a mụrụ Mozis n'oge ndị ya, ndị Izrel, ndị ohu ole na ole, na-abawanye n'ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, n'ihi ya, Fero Ijipt na-echegbu onwe ha na ha nwere ike iso ndị iro Ijipt jikọọ aka. Nne Mozis bụ onye Hibru, Jochebed, zoro ya na nzuzo mgbe Fero nyere iwu ka e gbuo ụmụ nwoke Hibru niile a mụrụ ọhụrụ iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Izrel. Site n'aka nwa nwanyị Fero (nke a maara dị ka Queen Bithia na Midrash), a nabatara nwatakịrị ahụ dị ka nwa si na Naịl ma soro ezinụlọ eze Ijipt too. Mgbe o gbusịrị ohu ukwu Ijipt nke na-eti onye Hibru ihe, Mozis gbagara gafee Oké Osimiri Uhie gaa Midian, ebe ọ zutere Mmụọ ozi nke Onyenwe anyị, na-agwa ya okwu site n'ime ọhịa na-ere ọkụ oke ohia na-agba e.[6]

Chineke zigara Mozis n'Ijipt ka ọ chọọ ka a tọhapụ ndị Izrel n'ohu. Moses kwuru na ya enweghị ike ikwu okwu nke ọma, ya mere Chineke kwere ka Aaron, nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye, bụrụ ọnụ na-ekwuru ya. Mgbe Ihe otiti Iri ahụ gasịrị, Mozis duuru Ọpụpụ nke ndị Izrel si n'Ijipt gafee Oké Osimiri Uhie, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ha guzobere onwe ha n'Ugwu Saịnaị, ebe Mozis natara Iwu Iri ahụ. Mgbe afọ 40 nke ịgagharị n'ọzara gasịrị, Moses nwụrụ n'Ugwu Nebo mgbe ọ dị afọ 120, n'ihu ala nkwa ahụ.[7]

N'ozuzu, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ahụ Moses nke Bible dị ka onye a ma ama, ebe ha na-ejigide ohere na Moses ma ọ bụ onye yiri Moses dị na narị afọ nke 13 BCE.[8][9][10][11][12] Okpukpe ndị rabaị gbakọrọ oge ndụ nke Mozis kwekọrọ na 1391-1271 BCE; Jerome tụrụ aro 1592 BCE, na James Ussher tụrụ aro 1571 BCE dị ka afọ ọmụmụ ya.[13][14]

A kpọrọ aha ahụ Mozis na akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt oge ochie. [15] [16] Narị afọ nke atọ TOA Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Ijipt bụ́ Manetho dere, dị ka Josephus si kwuo, banyere onye ụkọchukwu Ijipt oge ochie na-aghọ aghụghọ, bụ́ Osarseph, bụ́ onye kpọgharịrị aha ya Mozis ma duga n’ọchịchị nke gara nke ọma megide Fero onyeisi oche, na-achị Ijipt ruo ọtụtụ afọ ruo mgbe Fero nwetaraghachi ọchịchị ma chụpụ Osarseph na ndị na-akwado ya. . [17] [18] [19]

The Chọta nke Moses, ihe osise nke Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1904

A na-ahụta mgbọrọgwụ msy nke Egypt ('nwa nke') dị ka usoro okwu nwere ike ime, nke a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mbiri nke aha theophoric, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'aha ndị Ijipt dị ka Thutmose ('nwa Thoth') na Ramesses ('nwa Ra')[20] Otú ọ dị, ọkà mmụta Bible Kenneth Kitchen kwuru na nke a - ma ọ bụ mmalite ọ bụla nke Ijipt maka aha ahụ - o yighị ka ọ ga-abụ, ebe ọ bụ na ụda dị na Hibru m-š-h ekwekọghị na ịkpọpụta nke msy Ijipt n'oge dị mkpa.[21] Onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Abraham Yuda, dabere na mkpụrụ okwu e nyere na Tanakh, na-ekwu na ọ na-ejikọta "mmiri" ma ọ bụ "mkpụrụ" na "ọdọ mmiri, oke mmiri," si otú a na-enye echiche nke "nwa Naịl" (mw-š).[22]

Ihe ndekọ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ banyere ọmụmụ Mosis na-enye ya akụkọ ọdịnala ndị mmadụ iji kọwaa ihe ezi uche pụtara ìhè aha ya pụtara.[20][23] A na-ekwu na ọ natara ya n'aka nwa nwanyị Fero: "ọ ghọrọ nwa ya nwoke. Ọ kpọrọ ya Moses [מֹשֶׁה, Mōše], na-asị, 'M dọpụtara ya [מְשִׁיתִֽהוּ, mǝšīṯīhū] nke mmiri'.[24] Nkọwa a jikọtara ya na mgbọrọgwụ Semitic משׁה, m-š-h, nke pụtara "ịdọrọ". [1][24] Tosafist nke narị afọ nke iri na otu bụ Isaac b. Asher haLevi kwuru na nwa eze ahụ na-akpọ ya 'dọrọ-out' (מֹשֶׁה, mōše), ọ bụghị 'dọrọ' (נִמְשֶׁלו, nīmše), n'ụzọ dị irè na-ebu amụma na Mozis ga-adọta ndị ọzọ (nke Ijipt); ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta anabatala nke a.[25][26]

Nkọwa okwu Hibru dị n'akụkọ Akwụkwọ Nsọ nwere ike igosipụta mbọ a na-agba iji kagbuo ihe ndị sitere n'Ijipt sitere n'Ijipt[26] Ndị edemede ndị Juu oge ochie dị ka Philo na Josephus ghọtara aha ya n'Ijipt.[26] Philo jikọtara aha Mozis (Grik oge ochie: Μωϋσῆς, romanized: Mōysēs, lit. 'Mōusī') na okwu ndị Ijipt (Coptic) maka 'mmiri' (möu, μῶυ), na-ezo aka na nchọpụta ya na Naịl na etymology ndị mmadụ nke Bible. Josephus, n'akwụkwọ ya bụ Antiquities of the Jews, na-ekwu na ihe nke abụọ, -esês, pụtara 'ndị a zọpụtara'. Nsogbu nke otu nwa eze Ijipt, nke Josephus maara dị ka Thermutis (nke a maara dị ka Thamuth) na 1 Ihe E Mere 4:18 dị ka Bitia, nwere ike ịmara ndị na-akọwa ihe ndị Juu dị ka Abraham ibn Ezra na Hezekiah ben Manoah.[24][27] Hezekaya tụrụ aro na ọ ga-agbanwe ma ọ bụ were ndụmọdụ n'aka Jochebed.[28][29] Ibn Ezra nyere ohere abụọ maka aha Moses, o kwenyere na ọ bụ nsụgharị nke aha Ijipt kama ịsụgharị ya, ma ọ bụ na ada Fero nwere ike ịsụ Hibru.[30][31]

Akuko Bibulu

Moses tupu Fero, obere ihe osise nke narị afọ nke isii sitere na Syriac Bible nke Paris

Onye amụma na onye nnapụta nke Israel

  Ndi Israel ebiriwo n'ala Goshen n'oge Josef na     N'oge a ka amuru Moses nye nna-ya Amram, nwa-nwoke (ma-ọbu nkpuru) Kehat onye Livai, onye batara n’Ijipt, ya na ulo Jekob;  nne ya bụ Jokebed (nakwa Yocheved), onye bụ́ onye ikwu Kehat.  Mosis nwere nwanne nwanyị nke tọrọ (nke dị afọ asaa), Miriam, na otu nwanne nke tọrọ (nke dị afọ atọ), Aron.  Fero enyewo iwu na a ga-erikpu ụmụ nwoke Hibru niile a mụrụ n'osimiri , ma nne Mosis tinyere ya n’ime igbe ma zobe igbe ahụ n’ime ahịhịa  n’akụkụ osimiri ahụ,  Achọpụtara nwa ahụ ma kuru ya  ada Fero, zụlitere ya dị ka onye Ijipt.  Otu ụbọchị, mgbe Mozis toruru ogo mmadụ, o gburu otu onye Ijipt nke na-eti onye Hibru ihe.  Mosis, ka ọ gbanarị ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ nke Fero, gbagara  (ala ịkpa nke dị n’ebe ndịda Juda), bụ́ ebe ọ lụrụ   Zippora.[39].

N'ebe ahụ, n'Ugwu Horeb, Chineke pụtara n'ihu Mozis dị ka ahịhịa na-ere ọkụ, kpughere Mozis aha ya YHWH (ma eleghị anya a na-akpọ Yahweh) ma nye ya iwu ịlaghachi Ijipt ma kpọta ndị ọ họọrọ (Izrel) n'agbụ wee banye n'Ala Nkwa (Kenan).[32] N'oge njem ahụ, Chineke nwara igbu Mozis, mana Zipora zọpụtara ndụ ya. Mozis laghachiri iji mezuo iwu Chineke, mana Chineke mere ka Fero jụ, ọ bụkwa mgbe Chineke meriri Ijipt n'ihe otiti iri ka Fero kwetara. Mozis duuru ndị Izrel gaa n'ókè Ijipt, mana n'ebe ahụ, Chineke mere ka obi Fero sie ike ọzọ, ka o wee nwee ike ibibi Fero na ndị agha ya na Oké Osimiri Uhie dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke ike ya nye Israel na mba.[33]

Mgbe o merisịrị ndị Amalek na Rephidim, Mozis duuru ndị Izrel gaa Ugwu Saịnaị, ebe e nyere ya Iwu Iri sitere n'aka Chineke, nke e dere na mbadamba nkume.[34] Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na Mozis nọrọ ogologo oge n'ugwu ahụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị mmadụ tụrụ egwu na ọ nwere ike ịnwụ, ya mere ha mere ihe oyiyi nke nwa ehi ọla edo ma na-efe ya ofufe, si otú a na-enupụ isi ma na-ewe iwe Chineke na Mozis. Moses, n'ihi iwe, kụwara mbadamba nkume ndị ahụ, ma mesịa nye iwu ka e kpochapụ ndị fere ihe oyiyi ọlaedo ahụ, nke a gbazere ma nye ndị na-efe arụsị nri.[35] O dekwara iwu iri ahụ na mbadamba nkume ọhụrụ. Ka e mesịrị n'Ugwu Saịnaị, Mozis na ndị okenye ahụ banyere n'ọgbụgba ndụ, nke Izrel ga-aghọ ndị YHWH, na-erube isi n'iwu ya, YHWH ga-abụ chi ha. Mozis nyere Izrel iwu Chineke, guzobe ọrụ nchụàjà n'okpuru ụmụ nwanne Mozis Erọn, ma bibie ndị Izrel ndị dara n'ofufe ya. N'omume ikpeazụ ya na Saịnaị, Chineke nyere Mozis ntụziaka maka Ụlọikwuu ahụ, ụlọ nsọ na-agagharị agagharị nke ya na Izrel ga-esi gaa n'Ala Nkwa.[36]

 

Edensibia

Hụkwa zie

  • Akwụkwọ nke Isii na nke Asaa nke Mozis
  • Ndepụta nke ndị amụma nke okpukpe Abraham
  • Tharbis, dị ka Josephus, nwunye Mozis si kwuo
  • Akụkọ ifo ndị Juu
  • Ụmụ Mozis
  • Ịgba ohu n'Ijipt oge ochie

Ihe edeturu

Preview of references

  1. ↑ "Moses."
  2. ↑ Hitti (1928). The Origins of the Druze People and Religion: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings. Library of Alexandria. ISBN 9781465546623. 
  3. ↑ Dana (2008). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status. Michigan University press. ISBN 9781903900369. 
  4. ↑ Moses. Oxford Islamic Studies. Retrieved on 6 December 2020.
  5. ↑ Dever (2001). "Getting at the "History behind the History"", What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel. Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 97–102. ISBN 978-0-8028-2126-3. OCLC 46394298. 
  6. ↑ Douglas K. Stuart (2006). Exodus: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture. B&H Publishing Group, 110–13. 
  7. ↑ (December 2018) "Moses died and the people moved on: A hidden narrative in Deuteronomy". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 43 (2): 191–204. DOI:10.1177/0309089217711030. ISSN 1476-6728. 
  8. ↑ Nigosian (1993). "Moses as They Saw Him". Vetus Testamentum 43 (3): 339–350. DOI:10.1163/156853393X00160. 
  9. ↑ William G. Dever (2001). What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2126-3. “A Moses-like figure may have existed somewhere in southern Transjordan in the mid-late 13th century s.c., where many scholars think the biblical traditions concerning the god Yahweh arose.” 
  10. ↑ Beegle. Moses. Encyclopædia Britannica.
  11. ↑ Moses. Oxford Biblical Studies Online.
  12. ↑ Miller II (25 November 2013). Illuminating Moses: A History of Reception from Exodus to the Renaissance. BRILL, 21, 24. ISBN 978-90-04-25854-9. “Van Seters concluded, 'The quest for the historical Moses is a futile exercise. He now belongs only to legend.' ... "None of this means that there is not a historical Moses and that the tales do not include historical information. But in the Pentateuch, history has become memorial. Memorial revises history, reifies memory, and makes myth out of history.” 
  13. ↑ Jerome's Chronicon (4th century) gives 1592 for the birth of Moses
  14. ↑ The 17th-century Ussher chronology calculates 1571 BC (Annals of the World, 1658 paragraph 164)
  15. ↑ Ushi. (2023).
  16. ↑ Exodus: The history behind the story - TheTorah.com. (n.d.). https://www.thetorah.com/article/exodus-the-history-behind-the-story
  17. ↑ Gruen, E. S. (1998).
  18. ↑ Feldman, L. H. (1998).
  19. ↑ Newman, S. A. (2016).
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Hays, Christopher B. 2014.
  21. ↑ Kenneth A. Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament (2003), pp. 296–97: "His name is widely held to be Egyptian, and its form is too often misinterpreted by biblical scholars.
  22. ↑ Ulmer, Rivka. 2009.
  23. ↑ Naomi E. Pasachoff, Robert J. Littman (2005), A Concise History of the Jewish People, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 5.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Maciá, Lorena Miralles. 2014.
  25. ↑ Riva on Torah, Exodus 2:10:1. Sefaria. Retrieved on 2021-03-14.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Greifenhagen, Franz V. 2003.
  27. ↑ Scolnic, Benjamin Edidin. 2005.
  28. ↑ Salkin, Jeffrey K. (2008).
  29. ↑ Harris, Maurice D. 2012.
  30. ↑ Did Pharaoh's Daughter Name Moses? In Hebrew?. TheTorah.com. Retrieved on 2022-04-18.
  31. ↑ Danzinger (2008-01-20). What Was Moshe's Real Name?. Chabad.org. Retrieved on 5 May 2022.
  32. ↑ Schmidt (February 1896). "Moses: His Age and His Work. II". The Biblical World 7: 105–19 [108]. DOI:10.1086/471808. 
  33. ↑ Ginzberg, Louis (1909).
  34. ↑ (September 2019) "God's staff and Moses' hand(s): The battle against the Amalekites as a turning point in the role of the divine warrior". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 44 (1): 198–214. DOI:10.1177/0309089218778588. ISSN 1476-6728. 
  35. ↑ Rad (2012). Moses. Cambridge: James Clarke. ISBN 978-0-227-17379-4. Retrieved on 2017-06-09. 
  36. ↑ Ginzberg (1909). The Legends of the Jews, Vol. III: The Symbolical Significance of the Tabernacle. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.