Izizwe ezimanyeneyo

Izizw'ezimanyeneyo (UN)ngumbutho odibanisa oorhulumente ukuze basebenzisane. lo mbutho waasekwa ngomhla wama-24 kweyeDwarha ngo-1945 ngeenjongo zokokuba lo mbutho uzakuphakamisa intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe ngamazwe. Kuye kwaphakanyiswa zona endaweni yombutho weZizwe ezinobuhlobo. Ukuyilwa kwalo mbutho kulandela imfazwe yesi-II ukuze kunqandwe olunye ungquzulwano olungasuka lwenzeke. Ngexesha ekwafunyanwa ngalo lo mbutho, umbutho wezizwe ezimanyeneyo okanye i-UN yayinamalungu esizwe angama-51, kungoku nje ali-193. Inkoliso yezizwe inamalungu e-UN ethumela abantu koondlunkulu apho ayakubambela khona iintlanganiso nalapho kuphunyeleliswa kuziwe nezisombululo (ekuthathwa khona izigqibo) ngezinto ezidla umzi kwihlabathi.

Izizwe ezimanyeneyo zijonge ukufikelela kwezi ngongoma zilandelayo:

• ukugcina ihlabathi linoxolo
• ukunceda amazwe akwazi ukusebenzisana
• ukuphucula imeko abahleli phantsi kwazo abahlali basemhlabeni wonke jikelele
• kwanokwenza ihlabathi eli libe yindawo engcono.^[1]

Imbali

Emva kweMfazwe yesi-II kwiHlabathi, amazwe ngamazwe ehlabathi athi akha umbutho wobuhlobo bamazwe. Lo mbutho waba yindawo apho onke amazwe ayenokuthetha kuvokotheke ngeeyantlukwano zawo zikwenza oko ngenzolo. kodwa nangona kunjalo amanye amazwe afana neJamani, i-Italy kunye nei-Japan, akazange awuseso lo mbutho, ndaweni yoko asuka azama ukuzisombulula ngeMfazwe iingxaki zawo.Kwathi ke kuba amalungu ombutho wobuHlobo engazange afune ukuya kukhusela amanye amalungu awayeseMfazweni, awa phantsi ke loo malinge okwakha umbutho wobuHlobo, kwathi kanti kukuqala kweMfazwe yesiBini kwiHlabathi.

ngexesha lale Mfazwe yesi-II, amatshantliziyo ombutho wobuhlobo ayesoloko ezibiza ngokuba angamazwe amanyeneyo (amanyene ukuze alwe nalawo aphikisana nawo nabizwa ngokuba zii-axis). emva kweMfazwe, iqela eliphumeleleyo lathi lenza umbutho omtsha liwenzela uxolo lwehlabathi.Ngomhla wama-25 kuTshazipuzi ka1945 baya eSan Francisco,baza benza isigqibo ngegama elithi 'IZizwe eziManyeneyo'. IZizwe eziManyeneyo zathi zayilwa ngomhla wama-24 kweyeDwarha ngo-1945 yaza indibano yabo yokuqala yabanjwa kweyomQungu ngo-1946. Ukususela ngo-1947, umhla wama-24 kweyeDwarha ubusoloko ubizwa ngokuba ngu'Umhla weZizwe eziManyeneyo'.

AmaKomkhulu

Zonke iinkalo zezizwe ezimanyeneyo zizinze kwisixeko saseNew York, ngaphandle kwe Nkundla yezobuLungisa kwiHlabathi yona ise-The Hague e-Netherlands.

Imisebenzi

Isakhiwo esikhulu seZizwe eziManyeneyo sikwisixeko saseNewYork kwiZizwe zaseMelika eziManyeneyo, kodwa zona iZizwe eziManyeneyo nazo zinee-ofisi zazo ezibalulekileyo eGeneva (e-Switzerland), e-Nairobi (e-Kenya) nase-Vienna (e-Austria). Izizwe ezimanyeneyo zizama ukubanoxolo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha xa ukuthetha kungasasebenzi, amazwe amanyeneyo, akafani namazwe namazwe obuhlobo, ayalwa nawo. ngeminyaka yoo-1950 amazwe amanyeneyo aanceda kwmfazwe eyayiphakathi kwamaKorea aseMzantsi namaKorea asemantla, kwaza ngeminyaka yoo-1990 amazwe amanyeneyo ancedisa ukunyanzela amajoni ase-Iraqi ukuba aphume e-Kuwait. Ngamanye amaxesha, iZizwe eziManyeneyo yakhe imikhozi 'yokugcina uxolo'. Abagcini xolo beZizwe eziManyeneyo bakhenketha kwiindawo ngeendawo ezineenkathazo ehlabathini bezama - ngamanye amaxesha bakwenze ngempumelelo oko, ngamanye a bangasebenzeli kugcina xolo. Namhlanje kukho abagcini-xolo bamazwe amanyeneyo abasebenza eAfghanistan, eCyprus, eHaiti, ei-Liberia nakwamanye amazwe aliqela. Ngenxa yothotho lweenjongo, olwezisombululo, kunye nemimiselo ethe yaphakanyiswa zizizwe ezingamalungu amazwe amanyeneyo, ihlabathi linengqokolela yemigqaliselo, amanyathelo, kunye nempumelelo ukuze kuphele kuncitshiswe namathuba okunwenwa kwentsholongwane ye-H.I.V. kuze kubheke phezulu ukufikelela kwehlabathi kwizinga lokukhusela, ukunyanga, ukunonophela, kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso.

Ukwahlula hlula

IZizwe eziManyeneyo zibeke amakomkhulu amathandathu.