Thulium

Thulium, 69Tm
Thulium
Pípè /ˈθjuːliəm/ ​(THEW-lee-əm)
Ìhànsójúsilvery gray
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Tm)168.934218(6)[1]
Thulium ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
-
↑
Tm
↓
Md
erbium ← thulium → ytterbium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)69
Ẹgbẹ́group n/a
Àyèàyè 6
Àdìpọ̀Àdìpọ̀-f
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì  Lanthanide
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STPsolid
Ìgbà ìyọ́1818 K ​(1545 °C, ​2813 °F)
Ígbà ìhó2223 K ​(1950 °C, ​3542 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)9.32 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)8.56 g/cm3
Heat of fusion16.84 kJ/mol
Heat of 247 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.03 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1117 1235 1381 1570 (1821) (2217)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+2, +3 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.25
Atomic radiusempirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius190±10 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of thulium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​hexagonal
Hexagonal crystal structure for thulium
Thermal expansion(r.t.) (poly)
13.3 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity16.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (poly) 676 n Ω·m
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic at 300 K
Young's modulus74.0 GPa
Shear modulus30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio0.213
Vickers hardness520 MPa
Brinell hardness471 MPa
CAS Number7440-30-4
Main isotopes of thulium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
167Tm syn 9.25 d ε 0.748 167Er
168Tm syn 93.1 d ε 1.679 168Er
169Tm 100% 169Tm is stable with 100 neutrons
170Tm syn 128.6 d β− 0.968 170Yb
171Tm syn 1.92 y β− 0.096 171Yb
Àdàkọ:Category-inline
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Itokasi

  1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
 wò • if. • at. Tábìlì ìdásìkò
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 H He
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6 Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7 Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Mẹ́tàlì álkálì Mẹ́tàlì alkalínì ilẹ̀ Lanthanide Áktínídì Transition metal Post-transition metal Mẹ́tálọ́ìdì Àìjẹ́mẹ́tàlì míràn Halojín Ẹ̀fúùfù abíire Unknown chemical properties
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