Hafnium

Hafnium,  ₇₂Hf

ngoi-kôn
steel gray Spectral lines of hafnium (400–700 nm)
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	hafnium, Hf
ngoi-hìn	steel gray
Hafnium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
Zr ↑ Hf ↓ Rf lutetium ← hafnium → tantalum
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	72
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)	178.49(2)[1]
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	ko-thu kîm-su̍k
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	4 chhu̍k, d-block
chû-khì	period 6
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	2506 K ​(2233 °C, ​4051 °F)
pui-tiám	4876 K ​(4603 °C, ​8317 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	13.31 g·cm−3
12 g·cm−3
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	27.2 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	648 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	25.73 J·mol−1·K−1
chîn-hi-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k chhai T (K) 2689 2954 3277 3679 4194 4876
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	4, 3, 2, 1, −2 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 1.3
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 159 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	175±10 pm
Miscellanea
Chîn-thí keu-chho	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Sâng-suk thin rod	3010 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Ngie̍t-phàng-chong	5.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t	23.0 W·m−1·K−1
Thien-chú-li̍t	331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chhṳ̀-sin	paramagnetic[2]
Young's modulus	78 GPa
Shear modulus	30 GPa
Bulk modulus	110 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.37
Mohs hardness	5.5
Vickers hardness	1520–2060 MPa
Brinell hardness	1450–2100 MPa
CAS Registry Number	7440-58-6
Le̍k-sú
Hí-miàng	after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered
Yi-chhet	Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Hoat-kiàn kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘	Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)
Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
Chú vùn-chông: hafnium ke thùng-vi-su
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 172Hf syn 1.87 y ε 0.350 172Lu 174Hf 0.162% 2×1015 y α 2.495 170Yb 176Hf 5.206% – (α) 2.2550 172Yb 177Hf 18.606% – (α) 2.2449 173Yb 178Hf 27.297% – (α) 2.0832 174Yb 178m2Hf syn 31 y IT 2.446 178Hf 179Hf 13.629% – (α) 1.8065 175Yb 180Hf 35.1% – (α) 1.2828 176Yb 182Hf trace 8.9×106 y β− 0.373 182Ta
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Hafnium (Hon-ngî: 鉿 hā) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Hf, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 72.

Chhâm-kháu chṳ̂-liau