Potasyo

Potassium, 19K
Potassium pearls (in paraffin oil, ~5 mm each)
Potassium
Pronunciation /pəˈtæsiəm/ ​(pə-TASS-ee-əm)
Appearancesilvery white, faint bluish-purple hue when exposed to air
Standard atomic weight Ar°(K)
  • 39.0983±0.0001
  • 39.098±0.001 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Potassium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Na
↑
K
↓
Rb
argon ← potassium → calcium
Atomic number (Z)19
Group1
Period4
Block  s-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 4s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 8, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolido
Melting point336.7 K ​(63.5 °C, ​146.3 °F)
Boiling point1030.793 K ​(757.643 °C, ​1395.757 °F)[3]
Density (at 20° C)0.8590 g/cm3 [4]
when liquid (at m.p.)0.82948 g/cm3[3]
Critical point2223 K, 16 MPa[5]
Heat of fusion2.33 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization76.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity29.6 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−1, +1 (isang matapang na panimulang oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 0.82
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 418.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 3052 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4420 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 227 pm
Covalent radius203±12 pm
Van der Waals radius275 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng potassium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordiyal
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc) (cI2)
Lattice constant
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for potassium
a = 532.69 pm (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal expansion77.37×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal conductivity102.5 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity72 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[6]
Molar magnetic susceptibility+20.8×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[7]
Young's modulus3.53 GPa
Shear modulus1.3 GPa
Bulk modulus3.1 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod2000 m/s (at 20 °C)
Mohs hardness0.4
Brinell hardness0.363 MPa
CAS Number7440-09-7
History
Discovery and first isolationHumphry Davy (1807)
Symbol"K": mula sa Bagong Latin na kalium
Isotopes of potassium
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
39K 93.3% stable
40K 0.0120% 1.248×109 y β− 40Ca
ε 40Ar
β+ 40Ar
41K 6.73% stable
Kategorya Kategorya: Potassium
| references

Ang potasyo o potasyum (Kastila: potasio, Ingles: potassium, may sagisag na K na mula sa kalium [huwag ikalito sa kalyo], may atomikong bilang na 19, atomikong timbang na 39.102, punto ng pagkatunaw na 63.65 °C, punto ng pagkulong 774 °C, espesipikong grabidad na 0.862, at balensyang 1) ay isang elementong metalikong ginagamit sa paggawa ng mga asing kailangang maisangkap sa abono at sabon. Katangian nito ang pagiging katulad ng pilak, may kalambutan, at madaling sumabog. Si Humphry Davy ang nakatuklas nito noong 1807.[8]

Mga sanggunian

  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Potassium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 1979.{cite web}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{cite journal}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Aitken, F.; Volino, F. (Enero 2022). "New equations of state describing both the dynamic viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient for potassium and thallium in their fluid phases". Physics of Fluids. 34 (1): 017112. doi:10.1063/5.0079944.{cite journal}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{cite book}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. ↑ Haynes, William M., pat. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-92nd (na) edisyon). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.{cite book}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., pat. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-86th (na) edisyon). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.{cite book}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.{cite book}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  8. ↑ Gaboy, Luciano L. Potassium, potasyo, potasyum - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.