Siryo_(elemento)
Cerium, 58 Ce Bigkas / / (SEER-ee -əm ) Appearance silvery white 140.116± 0.001 140.12± 0.01 (pinaikli)[ 1] [ 2]
Atomikong bilang (Z ) 58 Group n/a Period 6 Block f-blockElectron configuration [Xe ] 4f1 5d1 6s2 [ 3] Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 Phase at STP solido Melting point 1068 K (795 °C, 1463 °F) Boiling point 3716 K (3443 °C, 6229 °F) Density (at 20° C) β-Ce: 6.689 g/cm3 γ-Ce: 6.769 g/cm3 [ 4] when liquid (at m.p. ) 6.55 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 5.46 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 398 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 26.94 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1992
2194
2442
2754
3159
3705
Oxidation states +1, +2, +3 , +4 (isang katamtamang panimulang oksido) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.12 Ionization energies 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol (more) Atomic radius empirical: 181.8 pm Covalent radius 204±9 pm Mga linyang espektral ng cerium Crystal structure β-Ce: double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) (hP4) Lattice constants a = 0.36811 nmc = 1.1857 nm (at 20 °C)[ 4] Crystal structure γ-Ce: face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4) Lattice constant a = 0.51612 nm (at 20 °C)[ 4] Thermal expansion β-Ce: 6.1× 10−6 /K γ-Ce: 6.1× 10−6 /K (at 20 °C)[ 4] Thermal conductivity 11.3 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity β-Ce, poly: 828 nΩ⋅m (at r.t.) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic[ 5] Molar magnetic susceptibility β-Ce: +2450 .0× 10−6 cm3 /mol (293 K)[ 6] Young's modulus γ-Ce: 33.6 GPa Shear modulus γ-Ce: 13.5 GPa Bulk modulus γ-Ce: 21.5 GPa Speed of sound thin rod 2100 m/s (at 20 °C) Poisson ratio γ-Ce: 0.24 Mohs hardness 2.5 Vickers hardness 210–470 MPa Brinell hardness 186–412 MPa CAS Number 7440-45-1 Naming after dwarf planet Ceres , itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres Discovery Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius , Wilhelm Hisinger (1803) First isolation Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Main isotopes[ 7]
Decay
abundance
half-life (t 1/2 )
mode
product
134 Ce
synth
3.16 d
ε
134La
136 Ce
0.186%
stable
138 Ce
0.251%
stable
139 Ce
synth
137.640 d
ε
139La
140 Ce
88.4%
stable
141 Ce
synth
32.501 d
β−
141Pr
142 Ce
11.1%
stable
143 Ce
synth
33.039 h
β−
143Pr
144 Ce
synth
284.893 d
β−
144Pr
Kategorya: Cerium | references
Ang Seryo o Cerium ay isang elementong kimikal na may simbolong Ce at bilang atomikong 58. Ito ay isang malambot, mapilak, at duktilong metal na madaling nag-ooksido sa hangin. Ito ay pinangalan sa unanong planeta na Ceres (na mismong ipinangalan kay Ceres na Diyosang Romano ng agrikultura). Ang seryo ang pinakasagana sa mga elementong bihirang mundo na bumubuo ng mga 0.0046% ng kortesa ng mundo sa timbang. Ito ay matatagpuan sa isang bilang ng mga mineral na ang pinakamahala ang monazite at bastnasite. Ang mga pangkalakalan (commercial) na aplikasyon ng seryo ay marami kabilang bilang mga katalista, aditibo sa panggatong upang mabawasn ang mga emisyon at sa salamit at mga enamel upang baguhin ang mga kulay nito. Ang oksidong seryo ay isang mahalagang bahagi ng mga pulbong pangkinis ng salamat at mga phospor na ginagamit sa mga screen at mga ilaw na flouroscent. Ito ay ginagamit rin sa "flint"(aktuwal na ferrocerium) ng mga lighter.
Mga sanggunian
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cerium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 1995.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .
↑ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms , NIST
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 .
↑ Lide, D. R., pat. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (ika-86th (na) edisyon). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 .
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 .
↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
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