Thallium

**Thallium, ₈₁Tl**
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	thallium, Tl
Gōa-hêng	silvery white
Thallium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
	chúi-gîn ← thallium → iân
Goân-chú-hoan	81
Goân-chú-liōng	204.38 (204.382–204.385)
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	āu-kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	13 cho̍k, p khu
Chiu-kî	tē 6 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	kò͘-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám	577 K (304 °C, 579 °F)
Hut-tiám	1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘ (sek-un)	11.85 g·cm−3
	11.22 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	4.14 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	165 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	26.32 J·mol−1·K−1
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −5 (a mildly basic oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 1.62
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 589.4 kJ·mol−1 ; 2nd: 1971 kJ·mol−1 ; 3rd: 2878 kJ·mol−1
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 170 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	145±7 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng	196 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	818 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	29.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	46.1 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	0.18 µΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng	diamagnetic
Young hē-sò͘	8 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	2.8 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	43 GPa
Poisson pí	0.45
Mohs ngē-tō͘	1.2
Brinell ngē-tō͘	26.5–44.7 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-28-0
Le̍k-sú
Hoat-hiān	William Crookes (1861)
Siōng chá hû-lî	Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
	Chú bûn-chiong: thallium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
	Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Thallium (Óa-im: "thá-li-ùm") sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 81, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Tl.

Hō-miâ

Thallium hō-miâ ê lâi-goân sī Hi-lia̍p-gí thallos, ì-sù sī "chheⁿ chháu-ki".^[5]

Chham-khó

↑ Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅^7-, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.
↑ Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ K. J. Thurlow, pian. (1998). Chemical Nomenclature. Springer Netherlands. ISBN 978-94-011-4958-7.

[CIAAW-1] Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[IUPAC-2] Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[3] Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅^7-, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.

[4] Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[5] K. J. Thurlow, pian. (1998). Chemical Nomenclature. Springer Netherlands. ISBN 978-94-011-4958-7.

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